@article{WaelbroeckCamusTastenoyetal.1993,
  author    = {Waelbroeck, M. and Camus, J. and Tastenoy, M. and Lambrecht, G. and Mutschler, E. and Kropfgans, M. and Sperlich, J. and Wiesenberger, F. and Tacke, R. and Christophe, J.},
  title     = {Thermodynamics of antagonist binding to rat muscarinic \(M_2\) receptors: antimuscarinics of the pridinol, sila-pridinol, diphenidol and sila-diphenidol type},
  series = {British Journal of Pharmacology},
  volume    = {109},
  journal   = {British Journal of Pharmacology},
  number    = {2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128439},
  pages     = {360-370},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {1 We studied the effect of temperature on the binding to rat heart \(M_2\) muscarinic receptors of antagonists related to the carbon/silicon pairs pridinol/sila-pridinol and diphenidol/sila-diphenidol (including three germanium compounds) and six structurally related pairs of enantiomers [(R)- and (S)-procyclidine, (R)- and (S)-trihexyphenidyl, (R)- and (S)-tricyclamol, (R)- and (S)-trihexyphenidyl methiodide, (R)- and (S)-hexahydro-diphenidol and (R)- and (S)-hexbutinol]. Binding affinities were determined in competition experiments using \([^3H]\)-N-methyl-scopolamine chloride as radioligand. The reference drugs were scopolamine and N-methyl-scopolamine bromide. 2 The affinity of the antagonists either increased or decreased with temperature, van 't Hoff plots were linear in the 278-310°K temperature range. Binding of all antagonists was entropy driven. Enthalpy changes varied from large negative values (down to \(-29 kJ mol^{-1}\)) to large positive values (up to \(+ 30 kJ mol^{-1}\)). 3 (R)-configurated drugs had a 10 to 100 fold greater affinity for \(M_2\) receptors than the corresponding (S)-enantiomers. Enthalpy and entropy changes of the respective enantiomers were different but no consistent pattern was observed. 4 When silanols \((R_3SiOH)\) were compared to carbinols \((R_3COH)\), the affinity increase caused by C/Si exchange varied between 3 and 10 fold for achiral drugs but was negligible in the case of chiral drugs. Silanols induced more favourable enthalpy and less favourable entropy changes than the corresponding carbinols when binding. Organogermanium compounds \((R_4Ge)\) when compared to their silicon counterparts (R4Si) showed no significant difference in affinity as well as in enthalpy and entropy changes. 5 Exchange of a cyclohexyl by a phenyl moiety was associated with an increase or a decrease in drug affinity (depending on the absolute configuration in the case of chiral drugs) and generally also with a more favourable enthalpy change and a less favourable entropy change of drug binding. 6 Replacement of a pyrrolidino by a piperidino group and increasing the length of the alkylene chain bridging the amino group and the central carbon or silicon atom were associated with either an increase or a decrease of entropy and enthalpy changes of drug binding. However, there was no clear correlation between these structural variations and the thermodynamic effects. 7 Taken together, these results suggest that hydrogen bond-forming OH groups and, to a lesser extent, polarizable phenyl groups contribute significantly to the thermodynamics of interactions between these classes of muscarinic antagonists and \(M_2\) muscarinic receptors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerKrennSchindleretal.1993,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, J. G. and Krenn, V. and Schindler, C. and Czub, S. and Stahl-Henning, C. and Coulibaly, C. and Hunsmann, G. and Kneitz, C. and Kerkau, T. and Rethwilm, A. and ter Meulen, V. and M{\"u}ller-Hermelink, H. K.},
  title     = {Alterations of Thymus Cortical Epithelium and Interdigitating Dendritic Cells but No Increase of Thymocyte Cell Death in the Early Course of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection},
  series = {American Journal of Pathology},
  volume    = {143},
  journal   = {American Journal of Pathology},
  number    = {3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128250},
  pages     = {699-713},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {The role of the thymus in the pathogenesis of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was investigated in 18 juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The thymus was infected from the first week post-SIVmac inoculation, but the amount of virus-positive cells was very low « 1 in 1 04 T cells) as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. First morphological alteration was a narrowing of the cortex at 12 and 24 wpi. Morphometry revealed no increase of pyknotic T cells but a decrease of the proliferation rate andflow cytometry showed a reduction of the immature \(CD4^+/CD8^+\) double-positive T cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed vacuolization, shrinkage, andfinally cytolysis of the cortical epithelial cells and the interdigitating dendritic cells. Immunofluorescence staining exhibited a widespread loss of cortical epithelial cells. This damage to the thymic microenvironment could explain the breakdown of the intrathymic T cell proliferation. It preceded fully developed simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is therefore considered to play a major role in its pathogenesis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{FritzScheupleinKoenigKraemerNeubert1993,
  author    = {Fritz-Scheuplein, Monika and K{\"o}nig, Almut and Kr{\"a}mer-Neubert, Sabine},
  title     = {Sprachatlas von Unterfranken : Fragebuch Band 2},
  edition   = {2. Aufl.},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg, Institut f{\"u}r deutsche Philologie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127929},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {242},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Sprachatlas},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{FritzScheupleinKoenigKraemerNeubert1993,
  author    = {Fritz-Scheuplein, Monika and K{\"o}nig, Almut and Kr{\"a}mer-Neubert, Sabine},
  title     = {Sprachatlas von Unterfranken : Fragebuch Band 1},
  edition   = {2. Auflage},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg, Institut f{\"u}r deutsche Philologie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127939},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {378},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Sprachatlas},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Hoffmann1993,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Vorhersage und Erkenntnis},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  isbn      = {3-8017-0705-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127752},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {327},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Antizipation},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Hoffmann1993,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Unbewußtes Lernen - eine besondere Lernform?},
  series = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127734},
  pages     = {75-89},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Implizites oder unbewußtes Lernen soll sich nach vorliegenden Berichten dadurch auszeichnen, daß es beil{\"a}ufig geschieht, daß es aufmerksamkeitsunabh{\"a}ngig ist und daß seine Resultate nicht bewußt werden. Nach Meinung einiger Autoren handelt es sich um eine Urform des Lernens, die vielfachen unbewußten Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten menschlichen Verhaltens von verborgenen Reizstrukturen zugrunde liegt. Eine kritische Durchsicht der Befunde zeigt, daß keines der besonderen Merkmale unbewußten Lernens {\"u}berzeugend belegt ist. Es liegen auch keine differenzierten {\"U}berlegungen zu den Mechanismen unbewußten Lernens vor. Es wird die Vermutung begr{\"u}ndet, daß den untersuchten Lernvorg{\"a}ngen m{\"o}glicherweise ein elementares Bed{\"u}rfnis nach zuverl{\"a}ssiger Antizipation von Verhaltenskonsequenzen zugrunde liegt. Simulationen, die eine solche Spekulation unterst{\"u}tzen, werden diskutiert und noch zu l{\"o}sende Probleme aufgezeigt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Hoffmann1993,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Konzentration durch Antizipation},
  series = {Aufmerksamkeit und Energetisierung. Facetten von Konzentration und Leistung},
  booktitle = {Aufmerksamkeit und Energetisierung. Facetten von Konzentration und Leistung},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127725},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {35-66},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Hoffmann1993,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Ged{\"a}chtnis und Lernen, Prozeß und Resultat, Inzidentell und Intentional: eine Erwiderung auf den Kommentar von H. J. Markowitsch},
  series = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {0033-3042},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127719},
  pages     = {109-112},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TaflerHerbertSchmidtetal.1993,
  author    = {Tafler, R. and Herbert, M. K. and Schmidt, R. F. and Weis, K. H.},
  title     = {Small reduction of capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in human forearm skin by the glucocorticoid prednicarbate},
  series = {Agents Actions},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Agents Actions},
  number    = {Special Conference Issue},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127698},
  pages     = {C31-34},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerbertTaflerSchmidtetal.1993,
  author    = {Herbert, M. K. and Tafler, R. and Schmidt, R. F. and Weis, K. H.},
  title     = {Cyclooxygenase inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin do not affect capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in human skin},
  series = {Agents Actions},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Agents Actions},
  number    = {Special Conference Issue},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127666},
  pages     = {C25-27},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Neurogenic inflammation is evoked by neuropeptides released from primary afferent terminals and, presumably, by other secondarily released inflammatory mediators. This study examines whether prostaglandins might participate in the development of neurogenic inflammation in humans and whether cyclooxygenase inhibitors have any anti-inflammatory effect on this type of inflammation. In healthy volunteers, neurogenic inflammation was elicited by epicutaneously applied capsaicin (1 \%), after systemic pretreatment with acetylsalicylic acid, or topically applied indomethacin compared to pretreatment with saline or vehicle, respectively. The extent of neurogenic inflammation was quantified by planimetry of visible flare size and recording the increase of superficial cutaneous blood flow (SCBF) with a laser Doppler flowmeter. Capsaicin-induced flare sizes and outside SCBF (both representing neurogenically evoked inflammation) were unaffected by acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin. Only the capsaicin-induced increase; of inside SCBF was attenuated by local pretreatment with indomethacin, reflecting the participation of prostaglandins in the inflammatory response of those areas which were in direct contact with capsaicin.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{WilhelmDincolDincoletal.1993,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot and Din{\c{c}}ol, Ali M. and Din{\c{c}}ol, Belkis and Hawkins, J. David},
  title     = {The "Cruciform Seal" from Boğazk{\"o}y-Hattusa},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87856},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Anatolien},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WilhelmJanowski1993,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot and Janowski, Bernd},
  title     = {Der Bock, der die S{\"u}nden hinaustr{\"a}gt},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87845},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {no abstract available},
  subject      = {Syrisch-pal{\"a}stinensischer Raum},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WilhelmZaccagnini1993,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot and Zaccagnini, Carlo},
  title     = {Tell Karrana 3, Tell Jikan, Tell Khirbet Salih},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87646},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Tell Karrana},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{WeinertSchneider1993,
  author    = {Weinert, Franz E. and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Cognitive, social and emotional development},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87448},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Identit{\"a}tsentwicklung},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Schneider1993,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Gifted children: How different are they? Review of: Lebensumweltanalyse hochbegabter Kinder - Das Marburger Hochbegabtenprojekt},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87438},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Rezension zu: Detlef H. Rost: Lebensumweltanalyse hochbegabter Kinder - das Marburger Hochbegabtenprojekt. - Seattle, WA: Hogrefe, 1993. - 261 S. - ISBN 3-8017-0479-3},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderNaeslund1993,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang and N{\"a}slund, Jan Carol},
  title     = {The impact of early metalinguistic competencies and memory capacity on reading and spelling in elementary school: Results of the Munich Longitudinal Study on the Genesis of Individual Competencies (LOGIC)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87421},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {This paper reports on a longitudinal study dealing with the development of literacy in young children. A total of 163 children were first tested during their last year in kindergarten using a variety of tasks that tapped phonological processing, memory capacity, early literacy, and intelligence. Children's ward decoding, reading comprehension, and spelling skills were assessed in elementary school several years later. As a main result, all of the predictor domains had a significant impact on the acquisition of literacy in elementary school, although the contribution of each domain differed as a function of the criterion measure. An attempt to identify children-at-risk using a kindergarten screening test provided encouraging results. Nonetheless, it was shown that whereas group predictions of reading and spelling performance can be quite accurate, the individual prognosis of school problems is far from perfect.},
  subject      = {Lese- und Schreibf{\"a}higkeit},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schneider1993,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Introduction: The early prediction of reading and spelling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87418},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Prognose},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlWittbrodtMaeueleretal.1993,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Wittbrodt, J. and M{\"a}ueler, W. and Raulf, F. and Adam, D. and Hannig, G. and Telling, A. and Storch, F. and Andexinger, S. and Robertson, S. M.},
  title     = {Oncogenes and melanoma formation in Xiphoporus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87149},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {In Xiphophorus melanoma formation has been attributed by classical genetic findings to the overexpression of a cellular oncogene (Tu) due to elimination of the corresponding regulatory gene locus in hybrids. We have attempted to elucidate this phenomenon on the molecular biological level. Studies on the structure and expression of known proto-oncogenes revealed that several of these genes, especially the c-src gene of Xiphophorus, may act as effectors in establishing the neoplastic phenotype of the melanoma cells . However, these genes appear more to participate in secondary steps of tumorigenesis. Another gene, being termed Xmrk, which represents obviously a so far unknown proto-oncogene but with a cons iderably high similarity to the epidermal growth-factorreceptor gene, was mapped to the Tu-containing region of the chromosome. This gene shows features with respect to its structure and expression that seem to justify it to be regarded as a candidate for a gene involved in the primary processes leading to neoplastic transformation of pigment cells in Xiphophorus.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{SchartlErbeldingDenkHoelteretal.1993,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Erbelding-Denk, C. and H{\"o}lter, S. and Nanda, I. and Schmid, M. and Schr{\"o}der, J. H. and Epplen, J. T.},
  title     = {High mating success of low rank males in Limia perugiae (Pisces: Poeciliidae) as determined by DNA-fingerprinting},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87132},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Hierarchical structures among male individuals in a population are frequently reflected in differences in aggressive and reproductive behaviour and access to the females. In general social dominance requires large investments which in turn may have to be compensated for by high reproductive success. However, this hypothesis has so far only been sufficiently tested in small mating groups due to the difficulties of determining paternity by classical methods using non-molecular markers. DNA fingerprinting overcomes these problems offering the possibility to determine genetic relationships and mating patterns within larger groups. Using this approach we have recently shown (Schartl et al., 1993) that in the poeciliid fish Limia perugiae in small mating groups the dominant male has 100\% mating success, while in larger groups its contribution to the offspring unexpectedly drops to zero. The reproductive failure under such social conditions is explained by the inability of the ex-male to protect all the females simultaneously against mating attempts of his numerous subordinate competitors.},
  subject      = {DNS},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MachtJanke1993,
  author    = {Macht, Michael and Janke, Wilhelm},
  title     = {Effects of short-term energy deprivation on stress reactions in humans},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87093},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Stressreaktion},
  language  = {en}
}