@incollection{Schneider1994,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Methodische Ans{\"a}tze der empirischen Erziehungs- und Sozialisationsforschung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87454},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Methode},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WeyersJankeMachtetal.1993,
  author    = {Weyers, P. and Janke, W. and Macht, Michael and Weijers, H.-G.},
  title     = {Social and nonsocial open field behaviour of rats under light and noise stimulation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61246},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {ln two experiments, male rats were observed in pairs under different environmental stimulations in an open field. ln Experiment 1, white noise of 85 dB(A) reduced social activities and increased defecation compared to 75 dB(A) and 65 dß(A). ln Experiment 2, the illumination of the open field was varied in addition to a variation of the noise intensity. Again, 85 dB(A) as compared to 50 dB(A) reduced social activities and increased defecation, but also led to changes in non-social behaviours such as sniffing, grooming, and rearing. ln contrast, 400 lx did not differ substantially in its effects from 40 lx in any of the observed behavioural categories. Altogether, the behaviour pattern under 85 dß(A) white noise cannot satisfactorily be explained only by increased anxiety or fear. Alternative explanations are discussed.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderGruberGoldetal.1993,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang and Gruber, Hans and Gold, Andreas and Opwis, Klaus},
  title     = {Chess expertise and memory for chess positions in children and adults},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62211},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MachtJanke1993,
  author    = {Macht, Michael and Janke, Wilhelm},
  title     = {Effects of short-term energy deprivation on stress reactions in humans},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87093},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Stressreaktion},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KruegerGoldHueppe1993,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Hans-Peter and Gold, Rainer and H{\"u}ppe, A.},
  title     = {Coergisms between drugs and alcohol - a psychopharmacological review},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69850},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Rauschgift},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Hoffmann1993,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Wird Wissen in Begriffen repr{\"a}sentiert?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87000},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit geht von der allgemeinen Feststellung aus, daß die Repr{\"a}sentation von Wissen der Reduktion des Aufwandes von zu erwartenden Informationsverarbeitungsprozessen dient. Es werden verschiedene Anforderungen an die menschliche Informationsverarbeitung betrachtet, und es wird jeweils gefragt, welche Eigenschaften die Wissensrepr{\"a}sentation haben muß, um diesen Anforderungen zu gen{\"u}gen. Im einzelnen werden die Objektwahrnehmung, die anschauliche Vorstellungst{\"a}tigkeit, die Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung, die Erkennung semantischer Relationen, die Handlungskontrolle und der Erwerb von Wortbedeutungen betrachtet. Es wird die Schlußfolgerung gezogen, daß eine Repr{\"a}sentation in diskreten symbolischen Einheiten der Dynamik der Wissensnutzung unter den verschiedenen Anforderungen wenig gerecht wird. Es scheint naheliegender, Wissen direkt in Handlungseinheiten zu repr{\"a}sentieren. Solche Einheiten sollten Informationen {\"u}ber einzelne Handlungen mit Informationen {\"u}ber Situationskontexte verbinden, in denen die Handlungen erfolgreich verwendet worden sind. Die Vorteile einer solchen handlungsorientierten Wissensrepr{\"a}sentation werden diskutiert.},
  subject      = {Wissensrepr{\"a}sentation},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GaultneyBjorklundSchneider1992,
  author    = {Gaultney, Jane F. and Bjorklund, David F. and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The role of children's expertise in a Strategie memory task},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62190},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {In a study intended to replicate and extend the findings from a recent experiment by Schneider and Bjorklund (1992), the expert/novice paradigm was used with second- and fourth-grade children in a sort/recall task. Children were classified as experts or novices for their knowledge of baseball, then given two sort/recall tasks, with a list consisting of either baseball or nonbaseball terms. Experts recalled more than novices on the baseball list only. While both groups used organizational strategies at sorting on the nonbaseball list, experts were marginally more strategic than novices on the baseball list, and no differences were found between the groups on either list for clustering. Baseball experts used more adultlike categories, suggesting that their enhanced levels of recall were attributed in part to strategy use, although there was also evidence that most of the substantial recall difference between the groups was attributed to item-specific effects associated with a more elaborated knowledge base. A second experiment using fifth-grade children on a multitrial sort/recall task using the baseball list also found increased recall by experts, and also found evidence of strategic behavior at the sort phase for trials 3 and 4.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderBjorklund1992,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang and Bjorklund, David F.},
  title     = {Expertise, aptitude, and strategic remembering},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62175},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Second- and fourth-grade children were classified according to their knowledge of soccer (experts vs. novices) and IQ (high vs. low), and given 2 sort-recall tasks. One task included items related to the game of soccer and the other included items from familiar natural language categories. Previous research has shown that expertise in a snbject can compensate for low levels of performance on text comprehension tasks. Our results, the flrst examing the effects of both expertise and intelligence on a strategic memory task, were that soccer expert children recalled more items on the soccer list bnt not on the nonsoccer list than soccer novice children. However, soccer expertise did not modify a significant effect of IQ level, with high-IQ children recalling more than low-IQ children for all contrasts. Interest in soccer was found to be related to expertise but did not contribute to differences in memory performance. The results demonstrate that the knowledge base plays an important role in children's memory, but that domain knowledge cannot fully eliminate the effects of IQ on sort-recall tasks using domain-related materials. That is, although rich domain knowledge seemed to compensate for low aptitude, in that low-aptitude experts performed at the level of high-aptitude novices, its effects were not strong enough to eliminate performance differences between highand low-aptitude soccer experts.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WoloshynPressleySchneider1992,
  author    = {Woloshyn, Vera E. and Pressley, Michael and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Elaborative interrogation as a function of prior knowledge},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62187},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BjorklundSchneiderHarnishfegeretal.1992,
  author    = {Bjorklund, David F. and Schneider, Wolfgang and Harnishfeger, Katherine Kipp and Cassel, William S. and Bjorklund, Barbara R. and Bernholtz, Jean E.},
  title     = {The role of IQ, expertise, and motivation in the recall of familiar Information},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62204},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {High- and low-IQ children in the first, third, and fifth grades performed two free-recall tasks: a sort-recall task with sets of categorically related pictures, and a class-recall task, with children recalling the current members of their school class. All children were deemed to be experts concerning the composition of their school class, but, unlike experts in other domains, had no special motivation associated with their expertise. Recall and clustering on both tasks were high. The high-IQ children performed better than low-IQ children only on the sort-recall task. IQ was significantly correlated with measures of performance on the sort-recall task but not on the class-recall task. The results reflect the fact that the memory benefits associated with being an expert (here, elimination of IQ effects) are related to the greater knowledge the expert possesses and not to factors of motivation.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KruegerBoneradDennleretal.1992,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, H.-P. and Bonerad, E. M. and Dennler, H. J. and Dunkl, E. and Friese, H. J. and Hain, C. and Kazenwadel, J. and Kohnen, Ralf and Maier, W. and Menzel, M.},
  title     = {Speech chronemics in drug evaluation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41213},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{KoerkelSchneider1992,
  author    = {K{\"o}rkel, Joachim and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Domain-specific versus metacognitive knowledge effects on text recall and comprehension},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86647},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Unterricht},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CarrSchneider1991,
  author    = {Carr, Martha and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Long-term maintenance of organizational strategies in kindergarten children},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62157},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The goal of the present study was to determine whether 4- and 5-year-old kindergarten children could be trained to maintain an organizational strategy over 2- and 8 week periods through an elaborate training program. A second goal was to assess the effects of the training program on strategy awareness. Twenty-eight kindergarten children were pretested on two sort-recall tasks and their awareness of the use of the clustering strategy was assessed through a protocol type procedure. Half the children received seven half-hour sessions of individual training in the clustering strategy and half the children participated in a control group. Both groups were post-tested on two sort-recall tasks 2 weeks following training and again 8 weeks following training. Strategy awareness, as measured by verbal protocol, was assessed at both post-test points. The elaborate strategy training program was successful in inducing short- and long-term strategy maintenance of the clustering strategy. Trained children's clustering during sorting and clustering during recall was consistently related to the amount of items correctly recalled. No differences in strategy awareness were found. These findings demonstrate that the elaborate training procedure used in this study can be a very effective memory technique for young kindergarten children.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1991,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Das Muskelspiel der Gef{\"u}hle - Zur Verkn{\"u}pfung von Mimik und R{\"u}ckenmuskulatur mit dem subjektiven Erleben},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42984},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Kaum ein anderer Teil des menschlichen K{\"o}rpers ist in der Lage, gef{\"u}hlsm{\"a}ßige Regungen in derart differenzierter Form auszudr{\"u}cken wie die Mimik. {\"U}ber den Zusammenhang zwischen muskul{\"a}rer Aktivit{\"a}t und Emotionen wird versucht, in einigen Aspekten auch die Beziehung von Stimmungen zur R{\"u}ckenmuskulatur herzustellen. Vor allem wird jedoch auf die Mimik als Verst{\"a}ndigungsmittel eingegangen. Die neuroanatomische und neurophysiologische Basis der Mimik wird dargestellt sowie der Zusammenhang zwischen Stimulus-Situation und Emotionen einerseits und Emotionen und Ausdruck andererseits. St{\"o}rungen dieser Beziehungen werden anhand von psychiatrischen und neurologischen Erkrankungen erl{\"a}utert. Aus dem Ausdruck von Konflikten in der Mimik werden einige Bedingungen f{\"u}r psychosomatische St{\"o}rungen nicht nur im R{\"u}ckenbereich, sondern auch bei Kopfschmerzzust{\"a}nden und Streßverhalten abgeleitet.},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{HommersAnderson1991,
  author    = {Hommers, Wilfried and Anderson, Norman H.},
  title     = {Moral algebra of harm and recompense},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44046},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Informationsverarbeitung / Kognition},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hommers1991,
  author    = {Hommers, Wilfried},
  title     = {Ist das Konzept des Anti-Typus entbehrlich? Eine Antwort des Mischverteilungsansatzes zu einem IPC-Anti-Typ : (Prof. Dr. Dr. G.A. Lienert zum 70. Geburtstag)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44109},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Durch multidimensional skalierte Strukturen von Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsprofilen wurde eine AlternativHypothese f{\"u}r konfigurationsfrequenzanalytisch erlangte Konfigurationen begr{\"u}ndet. Diese Alternativ- Hypothese besagte, daß die Anti-Typus-Konfigurationen eines dreivariaten 2x2x2- Datenvektors, aber auch die Neutral-Konfigurationen lediglich Folgen der Mischverteilung der Antworten zweier latenter, den Typen-Konfigurationen zuzuordnenden Klassen darstellen. Diese Hypothese wird an einem Datensatz zur Verteilung dichotomisierter Kontroll{\"u}berzeugungen gepr{\"u}ft und best{\"a}tigt. Das dabei konzipierte Konfigurale Fehlermodell (KFM) wird generell zur Erg{\"a}nzung von Konfigurationsfrequenzanalysen (KFA) vorgeschlagen.},
  subject      = {Klinische Psychologie / Zeitschrift /Psychiatrie / Zeitschrift / Klinische Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Hommers1991,
  author    = {Hommers, Wilfried},
  title     = {Zum Gegenstand der Rechtspsychologie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87014},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Rechtspsychologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1991,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Introduction. The use of Video for behavior description and intervention},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42019},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeinertSchneiderAsendorpfetal.1991,
  author    = {Weinert, Franz E. and Schneider, Wolfgang and Asendorpf, Jens B. and Bullock, M. and Helmke, Andreas and Knopf, Monika and Nunner-Winkler, G. and Stern, E. and Strube, G. and Weber, Andreas},
  title     = {Intra- und interindividuelle Unterschiede in der psychischen Entwicklung von Kindern},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86627},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Kind},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KurtzSchneiderCarretal.1990,
  author    = {Kurtz, Beth E. and Schneider, Wolfgang and Carr, Martha and Borkowski, John G. and Rellinger, Elizabeth},
  title     = {Strategy instruction and attributional beliefs in West Germany and the United States: Do teachers foster metacognitive development?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62145},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {Previous research has shown German children to be more strategic on sort-recall memory tasks than their American age-mates, and to show fewer effort-related attributions. We conducted this study to determine if those differences are due to systematic differences in the strategy instruction and attributional beliefs of German and U.S. teachers, and to explore metacognitive instructional practices in the two countries. Teachers responded to a questionnaire that inquired about their use of strategy instructions, fostering of reflective thinking in pupils, sources of children's learning problems, and modeling of metacognitive skills such as monitoring. The second part of the questionnaire asked about the reasons underlying children's academic successes and failures. German teachers reported more instruction of task-specific strategies, while American teachers showed more effort-related attributions. The types of strategies instructed and types of learning problems most frequently described varied across the two countries, and also according to how many years the teachers had taught. Results were discussed regarding their implications for metacognitive developmental theory, particularly regarding culture and other environmental influences on the development of controlled processing.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}