@article{MuehlenbergHovestadt1992,
  author    = {M{\"u}hlenberg, Michael and Hovestadt, Thomas},
  title     = {Das Zielartenkonzept},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30140},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MaschwitzFialaLinsenmair1992,
  author    = {Maschwitz, Ulrich and Fiala, Brigitte and Linsenmair, K. Eduard},
  title     = {A new ant-tree from SE Asia: Zanthoxylum myriacanthum (Rutaceae), the Thorny Ivy-Rue},
  isbn      = {0025-1291},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42967},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Zanthoxylum myriacanthum, a small Rutaceous tree growing mainly in secondary hill forests in SE Asia, is a true myrmecophyte. It possesses stem domatia in the form of hollow branches with slitlike openings. Branch hollows and entrance slits are produced by the plant itself through pith degene~.tion ?u.d growth proceSses. If the entrance is not kept open by ants it closes again by growth ol the surrounding tissue after some time. The domatia are colonized opportunistic ally by different arboreous ants, e.g. Crematogaster and Campono tus. Additionally many small extrafloral nectaries are found on the leaflets of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum. Judging from herbarium studies and literature records at least four more true ant trees are found in the genus Zanthoxylum namely Z. rhetsa in SE Asia, Z. conspersipunctatum, Z. pluviatile and Z. vinkii in New Guinea. We could not confirm ant inhabitation in Drypetes pendula (Euphorbiaceae) on the Malay Peninsula, which has also been recorded to be an anttree.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KruseTonySebald1992,
  author    = {Kruse, N. and Tony, H. P. and Sebald, Walter},
  title     = {Conversion of human interleukin-4 into a high affinity antagonist by a single amino acid replacement},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62469},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {lnterleukin-4 (IL-4) represents a prototypic lymphokine (for a recent review see Paul, 1991). It promotes differentiation of B-cells and the proliferation of T- and B-cell, and other cell types of the lymphoid system. An antagonist of human IL-4 was discovered during the studies presented here after Tyr124 of the recombinant proteinbad been substituted by an aspartic acid residue. This IL-4 variant, Y124D, bound with high affinity to the IL-4 receptor (K\(_D\) = 310 pM), but retained no detectable proliferative activity for T -<:ells and inhibited IL-4-dependent T -cell proliferation competitively (K\(_i\) = 620 pM). The loss of efficacy in variant Y124D was estimated to be > 100-fold on the basis of a weak partial agonist activity for the very sensitive induction of CD23 positive B-cells. The subsitution of Tyr124 by either phenylalanine, histidine, asparagine, Iysine or glycine resulted in partial agonist variants with unaltered receptor binding atTmity and relatively small deficiencies in efficacy. These results demoostrate that high affinity binding and signal generation can be uncoupled efticiently in a Iigand of a receptor betonging to the recently identified hematopoietin receptor family. In addition we show for the first time, that a powerful antagonist acting on the IL-4 receptor system can be derived from the IL-4 protein.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KobeltLinsenmair1992,
  author    = {Kobelt, F. and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard},
  title     = {Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus (Hyperoliidae) to its arid environment. VI. The iridophores in the skin as radiation reflectors},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30563},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HongSchartl1992,
  author    = {Hong, Yunhan and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Structure of the rainbow trout metallothionein A gene},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61679},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {To investigate the regulation of metallothionein-encoding genes in fish, we have isolated and sequenced the rainbow trout metallothionein-A-encoding gene (tMT-A) by polymerase chain reaction. This gene spans about 1.1 kb, consists of three exons and two introns, and has an A+ T-rieb 5' -region which contains a TATAAA signal, and two metal responsive elements (MREs). The transcription start point is centered around an A residue 81 nt upstream of the ATG codon.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaasDumbskyKreft1992,
  author    = {Haas, Albert and Dumbsky, Martina and Kreft, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Listeriolysin genes: complete sequence of ilo from Listeria ivanovii and of lso from Listeria seeligeri},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60529},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {The completc DNA scqucnccs coding for thc thiol-activated cytolysins from Listeria ivanovii, ivanolysin 0 (ILO) and for sccligerolysin 0 (LSO) from Listeria seeligeri have been dctermined. Thc deduced amino acid scquences revealed that: (i) the primary translation products comprise 528 (ILO) and 530 (LSO) amino acids. respectively. (ii) ILO contains two cysteines. LSO has a substitution in the conserved cysteine motif.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GoetzRaulfSchartl1992,
  author    = {G{\"o}tz, Rudolf and Raulf, Friedrich and Schartl, Manfrad},
  title     = {Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is more highly conserved in structure and function than nerve growth factor during vertebrate evolution},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61703},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Mammalian nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are members of a protein family with perfectly conserved domains arranged around the cysteine residues thought to stabilize an invariant three-dimensional scaffold in addition to distinct sequence motifs that convey different neuronal functions. To study their structural and functional conservation during evolution, we have compared NGF and BDNF from a lower vertebrate, the teleost fi.sh Xiphophorus, with the mammalian homlogues. Genomic clones encoding fish NGF and BDNF were isolated by cross-hybridization using probes from the cloned mammalian factors. Fish NGF and BDNF were expressed by means of recombinant vaccinia viruses, purified, and their neuronal survival specificities for different classes of neurons were found to mirror those of the mammalian factors. The half-maximal survival concentration for chick sensory neurons was 60 pg/ml for both fish and mammalian purifi.ed recombinant BDNF. However, the activity ofrecombinant fish NGF on both chick sensory and sympathetic neurons was 6 ng,lml, 75-fold lower than that of mouse NGF. The different functional conservation of NGF and BDNF is also reflected in their structures. The DNA-deduced amino acid sequences of processed mature fish NGF and BDNF showed, compared to mouse, 63\% and 90\% identity, respectively, indicating that NGF bad reached an optimized structure later than BDNF. The retrograde extrapolation of these data indicates that NGF and BDNF evolved at strikingly different rates ftom a common ancestral gene about 600 million years ago. By RNA gel blot anaJysis NGF mRNA was detected during late embryonie development; BDNF was present in adult brain.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrafeSchmuckLinsenmair1992,
  author    = {Grafe, T. Ulmar and Schmuck, Richard and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard},
  title     = {Reproductive energetics of the African Reed Frogs, Hyperolius viridiflavus and Hyperolius marmoratus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31187},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GesslerKoenigBruns1992,
  author    = {Gessler, Manfred and K{\"o}nig, A. and Bruns, G. A. P.},
  title     = {The genomic organization and expression of the WT1 gene},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59195},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {The Wilms tumor gene WTl, a proposed tumor suppressor gene, has been identifled based on its location within a homozygous deletion found in tumor tissue. The gene encodes a putative transcription factor containing a Cys/His zinc finger domain. The critical homozygous deletions, however, are rarely seen, suggesting that in many cases the gene may be inactivated by more subtle alterations. To facilitate the seareh for smaller deletions and point mutations we have established the genomic organization of the WTl gene and have determined the sequence of all 10 exons and flanking intron DNA. The pattern of alternative splicing in two regions has been characterized in detail. These results will form the basis for future studies of mutant alleles at this locus.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GesslerGrupeGrzeschiketal.1992,
  author    = {Gessler, Manfred and Grupe, Andrew and Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz and Pongs, Olaf},
  title     = {The potassium channel gene HK1 maps to human chromosome 11p14.1, close to the FSHB gene},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59184},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Transiently activating (A-type) potassium (K) channels are important regulators of action potential and action potential firing frequencies. HK1 designates the firsthuman cDNA that is highly homologous to the rat RCK4 cDNA that codes for an A-type K-channel. The HK1 channel is expressed in heart. By somatic cell hybrid analysis, the HK1 gene has been assigned to human chromosome 11p13-pl4, the WAGR deletion region (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genito-urinary abnormalities and mental retardation). Subsequent pulsed field gel (PFG) analysis and comparison with the well-established PFG map of this region localized the gene to 11p14, 200-600 kb telomeric to the FSHB gene.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FischerWeisenbergerScheer1992,
  author    = {Fischer, D. and Weisenberger, D. and Scheer, Ulrich},
  title     = {In situ hybridization of DIG-labeled rRNA probes to mouse liver ultrathin sections},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69458},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Hybridisierung <Biologie>},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FialaMaschwitz1992,
  author    = {Fiala, Brigitte and Maschwitz, Ulrich},
  title     = {Food bodies and their significance for obligate ant-association in the tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32921},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {The production of extrafloral nectar and food bodies plays an important role in many tropical ant-plant mutualisms. In Malaysia, a close association exists between ants and some species of the pioneer tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaccac). Macaranga is a very diverse genus which exhibits all stages ofintcraction with ants, from facultative to obligatory associations. The ants nest inside the hollow inlcrnodes and reed mainly on food budies provided by the plants. Food body production had previously been reported only in myrrnecophytic Macaranga species, where it is usually coneentrated on protected parts or the plants such as recurved stipules. We found that non-myrmecophytic Macaranga species also produce food bodies on leaves and stems, where they are collected by a variety or ants. Levels of food body production differ between facultatively and obligatorily ant-associated species but also among the various non-myrmecophytes. This may he rdated to the degree of interaction with ants. Food body production starts at a younger age in the myrmccophytic species than in the transitional or non-myrmcccophytic Macaranga. Although food bodies of the non-inhabited Macaranga species are collected by a variety of ants, there is nu evidence of association with specific ant species. Our observations suggest that food bodies enhance the evolution of ant-plant interactions. Production of food bodies alone, however, does not appear to be the most important factor for the development of obligate myrmccopllytism in Macaranga.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FialaMaschwitz1992,
  author    = {Fiala, Brigitte and Maschwitz, Ulrich},
  title     = {Domatia as most important adaptations in the evolution of myrmecophytes in the paleotropical tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiacae)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32935},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {The paleotropical tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) comprises all stages of interaction with ants, from facultative associations to obligate myrmecophytes. In SE.-Asia food availability does not seem to be the limiting factor for the development of a close relationship since all species provide food for ants in form of extrafloral nectar and/or food bodies. Only myrmecophytic Macaranga species offer nesting space for ants (domatia) inside intern odes which become hollow due to degeneration of the pith. Non-myrmecophytic species have a solid stem with a compact and wet pith and many resin ducts. The stem interior of some transitional species remains solid, but the soft pith can be excavated. The role of different ant-attracting attributes for the development of obligate ant-plant interactions is discussed. In the genus Macaranga, the provision of nesting space seems to be the most important factor for the evolution of obligate myrmecophytism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DuschlJahnBertlingetal.1992,
  author    = {Duschl, Albert and Jahn, Ute and Bertling, Claudia and Sebald, Walter},
  title     = {A comparison of assays for the response of primary human T-cells upon stimulation with interleukin-2, interleukin-4 and interleukin-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86750},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {The most commonly used assay to quantitate the response of peripheral T~cells upon stimulation with growth factors is determination of incorporated (JH]TdR. We compared thls test to three other methods: 1. direct countlog of cells with a Coulter type counter as reference assay, 2. a colorimetric assay using the tetrazolium dye 3-[ 4,S-dimethylthiazol-l-yl]-2,5diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT), which is a cheap and increasingly popular non-radioactive method and 3. incorporation of the thymidine analog 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine detection with a monoclonal antibody on cytospins. Primary human PHA-blasts from >30 healthy individuals were stimulated with IL-2, IL-4 aod IL-7 and assayed with up to four different methods. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the assays used and tbe effects of differences between cell preparations. We observed no significant variations between individuals for the dose dependence, but the relative emctency of IL4 compared to IL-2 and IL-7 was variable. This was probably due to the slower response observed upon stimulation with this factor.},
  subject      = {T-Lymphozyt},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DummerPosseckertNestleetal.1992,
  author    = {Dummer, R. and Posseckert, G. and Nestle, F. and Witzgall, R. and Burger, M. and Becker, J. C. and Sch{\"a}fer, E. and Wiede, J. and Sebald, Walter and Burg, G.},
  title     = {Soluble interleukin-2 receptors inhibit interleukin 2-dependent proliferation and cytotoxicity: explanation for diminished natural killer cell activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas in vivo?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62473},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DandekarTollervey1992,
  author    = {Dandekar, Thomas and Tollervey, David},
  title     = {Mutational analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe U4 snRNA by plasmid exchange},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29969},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DandekarArgos1992,
  author    = {Dandekar, Thomas and Argos, Patrick},
  title     = {A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin 1ß processing in monocytes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29986},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DandekarArgos1992,
  author    = {Dandekar, Thomas and Argos, Patrick},
  title     = {Successive action of DnaK, DnaJ and GroEL along the pathway of chaperone-mediated protein folding},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29814},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DandekarArgos1992,
  author    = {Dandekar, Thomas and Argos, P.},
  title     = {Potential of genetic algorithms in protein folding and protein engineering simulations},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29974},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BrehmHaasGoebeletal.1992,
  author    = {Brehm, Klaus and Haas, Albert and Goebel, Werner and Kreft, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {A gene encoding a superoxide dismutase of the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60515},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {A gene (Imsod) encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) of the facultative intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, was cloned by functional complementation of an SOD-deficient Escherichia coli mutant. The nucleotide sequence was determined and the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence (202 aa) showed close similarity to manganese-containing SOD's from other organisms. Subunits of the recombinant L. monocytogenes SOD (re-SOD) and of both E. coli SODs formed enzymatically active hybrid enzymes in vivo. DNA/DNA-hybridization experiments showed that this type of recombinant re-sod gene is conserved within the genus Listeria.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}