@article{BreitenbachHelfrichFoersterDandekar2021, author = {Breitenbach, Tim and Helfrich-F{\"o}rster, Charlotte and Dandekar, Thomas}, title = {An effective model of endogenous clocks and external stimuli determining circadian rhythms}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-95391-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-261655}, pages = {16165}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Circadian endogenous clocks of eukaryotic organisms are an established and rapidly developing research field. To investigate and simulate in an effective model the effect of external stimuli on such clocks and their components we developed a software framework for download and simulation. The application is useful to understand the different involved effects in a mathematical simple and effective model. This concerns the effects of Zeitgebers, feedback loops and further modifying components. We start from a known mathematical oscillator model, which is based on experimental molecular findings. This is extended with an effective framework that includes the impact of external stimuli on the circadian oscillations including high dose pharmacological treatment. In particular, the external stimuli framework defines a systematic procedure by input-output-interfaces to couple different oscillators. The framework is validated by providing phase response curves and ranges of entrainment. Furthermore, Aschoffs rule is computationally investigated. It is shown how the external stimuli framework can be used to study biological effects like points of singularity or oscillators integrating different signals at once. The mathematical framework and formalism is generic and allows to study in general the effect of external stimuli on oscillators and other biological processes. For an easy replication of each numerical experiment presented in this work and an easy implementation of the framework the corresponding Mathematica files are fully made available. They can be downloaded at the following link: https://www.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/bioinfo/computing/circadian/.}, language = {en} } @article{SenecalIsabelleFritzleretal.2014, author = {Senecal, Jean-Luc and Isabelle, Catherine and Fritzler, Marvin J. and Targoff, Ira N. and Goldstein, Rose and Gagne, Michel and Raynauld, Jean-Pierre and Joyal, France and Troyanov, Yves and Dabauvalle, Marie-Christine}, title = {An Autoimmune Myositis-Overlap Syndrome Associated With Autoantibodies to Nuclear Pore Complexes Description and Long-Term Follow-up of the Anti-Nup Syndrome}, series = {Medicine}, volume = {93}, journal = {Medicine}, number = {24}, issn = {0025-7974}, doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000000223}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114829}, pages = {361-372}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Autoimmune myositis encompasses various myositis-overlap syndromes, each being identified by the presence of serum marker autoantibodies. We describe a novel myositis-overlap syndrome in 4 patients characterized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes. The clinical phenotype was characterized by prominent myositis in association with erosive, anti-CCP, and rheumatoid factor-positive arthritis, trigeminal neuralgia, mild interstitial lung disease, Raynaud phenomenon, and weight loss. The myositis was typically chronic, relapsing, and refractory to corticosteroids alone, but remitted with the addition of a second immuno-modulating drug. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence for liver disease. The prognosis was good with 100\% long-term survival (mean follow-up 19.5 yr). By indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, sera from all 4 patients displayed a high titer of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) with a distinct punctate peripheral (rim) fluorescent pattern of the nuclear envelope characteristic of nuclear pore complexes. Reactivity with nuclear pore complexes was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In a cohort of 100 French Canadian patients with autoimmune myositis, the nuclear pore complex fluorescent ANA pattern was restricted to these 4 patients (4\%). It was not observed in sera from 393 adult patients with systemic sclerosis (n = 112), mixed connective tissue disease (n = 35), systemic lupus (n = 94), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 45), or other rheumatic diseases (n = 107), nor was it observed in 62 normal adults. Autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes were predominantly of IgG isotype. No other IgG autoantibody markers for defined connective tissue diseases or overlap syndromes were present, indicating a selective and highly focused immune response. In 3 patients, anti-nuclear pore complex autoantibody titers varied in parallel with myositis activity, suggesting a pathogenic link to pathophysiology. The nuclear pore complex proteins, that is, nucleoporins (nup), recognized by these sera were heterogeneous and included Nup358/RanBP2 (n = 2 patients), Nup90 (n = 1), Nup62 (n = 1), and gp210 (n = 1). Taken together the data suggest that nup autoantigens themselves drive the anti-nup autoimmune response. Immunogenetically, the 4 patients shared the DQA1*0501 allele associated with an increased risk for autoimmune myositis. In conclusion, we report an apparent novel subset of autoimmune myositis in our population of French Canadian patients with connective tissue diseases. This syndrome is recognized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes that react with nups, consistent with an "anti-nupsyndrome.''}, language = {en} } @article{HoppeSebald1980, author = {Hoppe, J. and Sebald, Walter}, title = {Amino acid sequence of the proteolipid subunit of the proton-translocating ATPase complex from the thermophilic bacterium PS-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62754}, year = {1980}, abstract = {No abstract available}, subject = {Biochemie}, language = {en} } @article{VeloursEsparzaHoppeetal.1984, author = {Velours, J. and Esparza, M. and Hoppe, J. and Sebald, Walter and Guerin, B.}, title = {Amino acid sequence of a new mitochondrially synthesized proteolipid of the ATP synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62695}, year = {1984}, abstract = {The purification and the amino acid sequence of a proteolipid translated on ribosomes in yeast mitochondria is reported. This protein, which is a subunit of the A TP synthase, was purified by extraction with chloroform/methanol (2/1) and subsequent chromatography on phosphocellulose and reverse phase h.p.l.c. A mol. wt. of 5500 was estimated by chromatography on Bio-Gel P-30 in 8011/o fonnie acid. The complete amino acid sequence of this protein was determined by automated solid phase Edman degradation of the whole protein and of fragments obtained after cleavage with cyanogen bromide. The sequence analysis indicates a length of 48 amino acid residues. The calculated mol. wt. of 5870 corresponds to the value found by gel chromatography. This polypeptide contains three basic residues and no negatively charged side chain. The three basic residues are clustered at the C terminus. The primary structure of this protein is in full agreement with the predicted amino acid sequence of the putative polypeptide encoded by the mitochondrial aap1 gene recently discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, this protein shows 5011/o homology with the amino acid sequence of a putative polypeptide encoded by an unidentified reading frame also discovered near the mitochondrial ATPase subunit 6 genein Aspergillus nidulans.}, subject = {Biochemie}, language = {en} } @article{DandekarArgos1994, author = {Dandekar, Thomas and Argos, Patrick}, title = {Amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na\(^+\) channel is made of three homologous subunits}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29734}, year = {1994}, abstract = {No abstract available}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzTamuriKultysetal.2016, author = {Schwarz, Roland F. and Tamuri, Asif U. and Kultys, Marek and King, James and Godwin, James and Florescu, Ana M. and Schultz, J{\"o}rg and Goldman, Nick}, title = {ALVIS: interactive non-aggregative visualization and explorative analysis of multiple sequence alignments}, series = {Nucleic Acids Research}, volume = {44}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Research}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1093/nar/gkw022}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166374}, pages = {e77}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Sequence Logos and its variants are the most commonly used method for visualization of multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) and sequence motifs. They provide consensus-based summaries of the sequences in the alignment. Consequently, individual sequences cannot be identified in the visualization and covariant sites are not easily discernible. We recently proposed Sequence Bundles, a motif visualization technique that maintains a one-to-one relationship between sequences and their graphical representation and visualizes covariant sites. We here present Alvis, an open-source platform for the joint explorative analysis of MSAs and phylogenetic trees, employing Sequence Bundles as its main visualization method. Alvis combines the power of the visualization method with an interactive toolkit allowing detection of covariant sites, annotation of trees with synapomorphies and homoplasies, and motif detection. It also offers numerical analysis functionality, such as dimension reduction and classification. Alvis is user-friendly, highly customizable and can export results in publication-quality figures. It is available as a full-featured standalone version (http://www.bitbucket.org/rfs/alvis) and its Sequence Bundles visualization module is further available as a web application (http://science-practice.com/projects/sequence-bundles).}, language = {en} } @article{GuptaSrivastavaMinochaetal.2021, author = {Gupta, Shishir K. and Srivastava, Mugdha and Minocha, Rashmi and Akash, Aman and Dangwal, Seema and Dandekar, Thomas}, title = {Alveolar regeneration in COVID-19 patients: a network perspective}, series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, volume = {22}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {20}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms222011279}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284307}, year = {2021}, abstract = {A viral infection involves entry and replication of viral nucleic acid in a host organism, subsequently leading to biochemical and structural alterations in the host cell. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, over-activation of the host immune system may lead to lung damage. Albeit the regeneration and fibrotic repair processes being the two protective host responses, prolonged injury may lead to excessive fibrosis, a pathological state that can result in lung collapse. In this review, we discuss regeneration and fibrosis processes in response to SARS-CoV-2 and provide our viewpoint on the triggering of alveolar regeneration in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.}, language = {en} } @article{DegenHovestadtMitesseretal.2017, author = {Degen, Tobias and Hovestadt, Thomas and Mitesser, Oliver and H{\"o}lker, Franz}, title = {Altered sex-specific mortality and female mating success: ecological effects and evolutionary responses}, series = {Ecosphere}, volume = {8}, journal = {Ecosphere}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1820}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170953}, pages = {e01820}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Theory predicts that males and females should often join the mating pool at different times (sexual dimorphism in timing of emergence [SDT]) as the degree of SDT affects female mating success. We utilize an analytical model to explore (1) how important SDT is for female mating success, (2) how mating success might change if either sex's mortality (abruptly) increases, and (3) to what degree evolutionary responses in SDT may be able to mitigate the consequences of such mortality increase. Increasing male pre-mating mortality has a non-linear effect on the fraction of females mated: The effect is initially weak, but at some critical level a further increase in male mortality has a stronger effect than a similar increase in female mortality. Such a change is expected to impose selection for reduced SDT. Increasing mortality during the mating season has always a stronger effect on female mating success if the mortality affects the sex that emerges first. This bias results from the fact that enhancing mortality of the earlier emerging sex reduces female-male encounter rates. However, an evolutionary response in SDT may effectively mitigate such consequences. Further, if considered independently for females and males, the predicted evolutionary response in SDT could be quite dissimilar. The difference between female and male evolutionary response in SDT leads to marked differences in the fraction of fertilized females under certain conditions. Our model may provide general guidelines for improving harvesting of populations, conservation management of rare species under altered environmental conditions, or maintaining long-term efficiency of pest-control measures.}, language = {en} } @article{KernerKraussMaihoffetal.2023, author = {Kerner, Janika M. and Krauss, Jochen and Maihoff, Fabienne and Bofinger, Lukas and Classen, Alice}, title = {Alpine butterflies want to fly high: Species and communities shift upwards faster than their host plants}, series = {Ecology}, volume = {104}, journal = {Ecology}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.3848}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312015}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Despite sometimes strong codependencies of insect herbivores and plants, the responses of individual taxa to accelerating climate change are typically studied in isolation. For this reason, biotic interactions that potentially limit species in tracking their preferred climatic niches are ignored. Here, we chose butterflies as a prominent representative of herbivorous insects to investigate the impacts of temperature changes and their larval host plant distributions along a 1.4-km elevational gradient in the German Alps. Following a sampling protocol of 2009, we revisited 33 grassland plots in 2019 over an entire growing season. We quantified changes in butterfly abundance and richness by repeated transect walks on each plot and disentangled the direct and indirect effects of locally assessed temperature, site management, and larval and adult food resource availability on these patterns. Additionally, we determined elevational range shifts of butterflies and host plants at both the community and species level. Comparing the two sampled years (2009 and 2019), we found a severe decline in butterfly abundance and a clear upward shift of butterflies along the elevational gradient. We detected shifts in the peak of species richness, community composition, and at the species level, whereby mountainous species shifted particularly strongly. In contrast, host plants showed barely any change, neither in connection with species richness nor individual species shifts. Further, temperature and host plant richness were the main drivers of butterfly richness, with change in temperature best explaining the change in richness over time. We concluded that host plants were not yet hindering butterfly species and communities from shifting upwards. However, the mismatch between butterfly and host plant shifts might become a problem for this very close plant-herbivore relationship, especially toward higher elevations, if butterflies fail to adapt to new host plants. Further, our results support the value of conserving traditional extensive pasture use as a promoter of host plant and, hence, butterfly richness.}, language = {en} } @article{RajabBisminSchwarzeetal.2021, author = {Rajab, Suhaila and Bismin, Leah and Schwarze, Simone and Pinggera, Alexandra and Greger, Ingo H. and Neuweiler, Hannes}, title = {Allosteric coupling of sub-millisecond clamshell motions in ionotropic glutamate receptor ligand-binding domains}, series = {Communications Biology}, volume = {4}, journal = {Communications Biology}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-021-02605-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-261678}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate signal transmission in the brain and are important drug targets. Structural studies show snapshots of iGluRs, which provide a mechanistic understanding of gating, yet the rapid motions driving the receptor machinery are largely elusive. Here we detect kinetics of conformational change of isolated clamshell-shaped ligand-binding domains (LBDs) from the three major iGluR sub-types, which initiate gating upon binding of agonists. We design fluorescence probes to measure domain motions through nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We observe a broad kinetic spectrum of LBD dynamics that underlie activation of iGluRs. Microsecond clamshell motions slow upon dimerization and freeze upon binding of full and partial agonists. We uncover allosteric coupling within NMDA LBD hetero-dimers, where binding of L-glutamate to the GluN2A LBD stalls clamshell motions of the glycine-binding GluN1 LBD. Our results reveal rapid LBD dynamics across iGluRs and suggest a mechanism of negative allosteric cooperativity in NMDA receptors.}, language = {en} } @article{MatosMachadoSchartletal.2019, author = {Matos, Isa and Machado, Miguel P. and Schartl, Manfred and Coelho, Maria Manuela}, title = {Allele-specific expression variation at different ploidy levels in Squalius alburnoides}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {9}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-40210-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200910}, pages = {3688}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Allopolyploid plants are long known to be subject to a homoeolog expression bias of varying degree. The same phenomenon was only much later suspected to occur also in animals based on studies of single selected genes in an allopolyploid vertebrate, the Iberian fish Squalius alburnoides. Consequently, this species became a good model for understanding the evolution of gene expression regulation in polyploid vertebrates. Here, we analyzed for the first time genome-wide allele-specific expression data from diploid and triploid hybrids of S. alburnoides and compared homoeolog expression profiles of adult livers and of juveniles. Co-expression of alleles from both parental genomic types was observed for the majority of genes, but with marked homoeolog expression bias, suggesting homoeolog specific reshaping of expression level patterns in hybrids. Complete silencing of one allele was also observed irrespective of ploidy level, but not transcriptome wide as previously speculated. Instead, it was found only in a restricted number of genes, particularly ones with functions related to mitochondria and ribosomes. This leads us to hypothesize that allelic silencing may be a way to overcome intergenomic gene expression interaction conflicts, and that homoeolog expression bias may be an important mechanism in the achievement of sustainable genomic interactions, mandatory to the success of allopolyploid systems, as in S. alburnoides.}, language = {en} } @article{WegenerChen2022, author = {Wegener, Christian and Chen, Jiangtian}, title = {Allatostatin A signalling: progress and new challenges from a paradigmatic pleiotropic invertebrate neuropeptide family}, series = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.920529}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278749}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Neuropeptides have gained broad attraction in insect neuroscience and physiology, as new genetic tools are increasingly uncovering their wide-ranging pleiotropic functions with high cellular resolution. Allatostatin A (AstA) peptides constitute one of the best studied insect neuropeptide families. In insects and other panarthropods, AstA peptides qualify as brain-gut peptides and have regained attention with the discovery of their role in regulating feeding, growth, activity/sleep and learning. AstA receptor homologs are found throughout the protostomia and group with vertebrate somatostatin/galanin/kisspeptin receptors. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the evolution and the pleiotropic and cell-specific non-allatostatic functions of AstA. We speculate about the core functions of AstA signalling, and derive open questions and challengesfor future research on AstA and invertebrate neuropeptides in general.}, language = {en} } @article{ChenReiherHermannLuibletal.2016, author = {Chen, Jiangtian and Reiher, Wencke and Hermann-Luibl, Christiane and Sellami, Azza and Cognigni, Paola and Kondo, Shu and Helfrich-F{\"o}rster, Charlotte and Veenstra, Jan A. and Wegener, Christian}, title = {Allatostatin A Signalling in Drosophila Regulates Feeding and Sleep and Is Modulated by PDF}, series = {PLoS Genetics}, volume = {12}, journal = {PLoS Genetics}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1006346}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178170}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Feeding and sleep are fundamental behaviours with significant interconnections and cross-modulations. The circadian system and peptidergic signals are important components of this modulation, but still little is known about the mechanisms and networks by which they interact to regulate feeding and sleep. We show that specific thermogenetic activation of peptidergic Allatostatin A (AstA)-expressing PLP neurons and enteroendocrine cells reduces feeding and promotes sleep in the fruit fly Drosophila. The effects of AstA cell activation are mediated by AstA peptides with receptors homolog to galanin receptors subserving similar and apparently conserved functions in vertebrates. We further identify the PLP neurons as a downstream target of the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), an output factor of the circadian clock. PLP neurons are contacted by PDF-expressing clock neurons, and express a functional PDF receptor demonstrated by cAMP imaging. Silencing of AstA signalling and continuous input to AstA cells by tethered PDF changes the sleep/activity ratio in opposite directions but does not affect rhythmicity. Taken together, our results suggest that pleiotropic AstA signalling by a distinct neuronal and enteroendocrine AstA cell subset adapts the fly to a digestive energy-saving state which can be modulated by PDF.}, language = {en} } @article{CavariHongFunkensteinetal.1993, author = {Cavari, Benzion and Hong, Yunhan and Funkenstein, Bruria and Moav, Boaz and Schartl, Manfred}, title = {All-fish gene constructs for growth hormone gene transfer in fish}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61612}, year = {1993}, abstract = {In order to develop all-fish expression vectors for microinjection into fertilized fish eggs, we have prepared the following cunstructs: rainbow trout metallothionein a/b and the gilthead seabream growth hormone cDNA (ptMTa-gbsGHcDNA, ptMTb-gsbGHcDNA), carp ß-actin gilthead seabream GH cDNA (pcAßgsbGHcDNA). The inducible metallothionein promoters a and b were cloned from rainbow trout, and the constitutive promoter ß-actin was isolated from carp. The metallothionein promoters were cloned by using the PCR technique. The tMTa contains 430 bp, while the tMTb contains 260 bp (Hong et al. 1992). These two promoters were introduced to pGEM-3Z containing the GH cDNA of Sparus aurata to form ptMTa-gsbGH and ptMTb-gsbGH, respectively. The carp cytoplasmic ß-actin gene was chosen as a source for isolating strong constitutive regulatory sequences. One of these regulatory sequences in pUC118 was Iigated to GH cDNA of S. aurata to form the pcAß-gsbGHcDNA. Expression of the constructs containing the metallothionein promoters was tested in fish cell culture and was found tobe induced effectively by zinc. The ptMTa gsb-GH cDNA construct was microinjected into fertilized carp eggs, and integration in the genome of carp was detected in the DNA isolated from fins at the age of two months.}, subject = {Physiologische Chemie}, language = {en} } @article{VikukFuchsKrischkeetal.2020, author = {Vikuk, Veronika and Fuchs, Benjamin and Krischke, Markus and Mueller, Martin J. and Rueb, Selina and Krauss, Jochen}, title = {Alkaloid Concentrations of Lolium perenne Infected with Epichlo{\"e} festucae var. lolii with Different Detection Methods—A Re-Evaluation of Intoxication Risk in Germany?}, series = {Journal of Fungi}, volume = {6}, journal = {Journal of Fungi}, number = {3}, issn = {2309-608X}, doi = {10.3390/jof6030177}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213171}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Mycotoxins in agriculturally used plants can cause intoxication in animals and can lead to severe financial losses for farmers. The endophytic fungus Epichlo{\"e} festucae var. lolii living symbiotically within the cool season grass species Lolium perenne can produce vertebrate and invertebrate toxic alkaloids. Hence, an exact quantitation of alkaloid concentrations is essential to determine intoxication risk for animals. Many studies use different methods to detect alkaloid concentrations, which complicates the comparability. In this study, we showed that alkaloid concentrations of individual plants exceeded toxicity thresholds on real world grasslands in Germany, but not on the population level. Alkaloid concentrations on five German grasslands with high alkaloid levels peaked in summer but were also below toxicity thresholds on population level. Furthermore, we showed that alkaloid concentrations follow the same seasonal trend, regardless of whether plant fresh or dry weight was used, in the field and in a common garden study. However, alkaloid concentrations were around three times higher when detected with dry weight. Finally, we showed that alkaloid concentrations can additionally be biased to different alkaloid detection methods. We highlight that toxicity risks should be analyzed using plant dry weight, but concentration trends of fresh weight are reliable.}, language = {en} } @article{BreezeVaissiereBommarcoetal.2014, author = {Breeze, Tom D. and Vaissiere, Bernhard E. and Bommarco, Riccardo and Petanidou, Theodora and Seraphides, Nicos and Kozak, Lajos and Scheper, Jeroen and Biesmeijer, Jacobus C. and Kleijn, David and Gyldenk{\ae}rne, Steen and Moretti, Marco and Holzschuh, Andrea and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Stout, Jane C. and P{\"a}rtel, Meelis and Zobel, Martin and Potts, Simon G.}, title = {Agricultural Policies Exacerbate Honeybee Pollination Service Supply-Demand Mismatches Across Europe}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {9}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {1}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0082996}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117692}, pages = {e82996}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Declines in insect pollinators across Europe have raised concerns about the supply of pollination services to agriculture. Simultaneously, EU agricultural and biofuel policies have encouraged substantial growth in the cultivated area of insect pollinated crops across the continent. Using data from 41 European countries, this study demonstrates that the recommended number of honeybees required to provide crop pollination across Europe has risen 4.9 times as fast as honeybee stocks between 2005 and 2010. Consequently, honeybee stocks were insufficient to supply >90\% of demands in 22 countries studied. These findings raise concerns about the capacity of many countries to cope with major losses of wild pollinators and highlight numerous critical gaps in current understanding of pollination service supplies and demands, pointing to a pressing need for further research into this issue.}, language = {en} } @article{LaswayPetersNjovuetal.2022, author = {Lasway, Julius V. and Peters, Marcell K. and Njovu, Henry K. and Eardley, Connal and Pauly, Alain and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf}, title = {Agricultural intensification with seasonal fallow land promotes high bee diversity in Afrotropical drylands}, series = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, volume = {59}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.14296}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311877}, pages = {3014 -- 3026}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The exponential increase in the human population in tandem with increased food demand has caused agriculture to be the global-dominant form of land use. Afrotropical drylands are currently facing the loss of natural savannah habitats and agricultural intensification with largely unknown consequences for bees. Here we investigate the effects of agricultural intensification on bee assemblages in the Afrotropical drylands of northern Tanzania. We disentangled the direct effects of agricultural intensification and temperature on bee richness from indirect effects mediated by changes in floral resources. We collected data from 24 study sites representing three levels of management intensity (natural savannah, moderate intensive and highly intensive agriculture) spanning an extensive gradient of mean annual temperature (MAT) in northern Tanzania. We used ordinary linear models and path analysis to test the effects of agricultural intensity and MAT on bee species richness, bee species composition and body-size variation of bee communities. We found that bee species richness increased with agricultural intensity and with increasing temperature. The effects of agricultural intensity and temperature on bee species richness were mediated by the positive effects of agriculture and temperature on the richness of floral resources used by bees. During the off-growing season, agricultural land was characterized by an extensive period of fallow land holding a very high density of flowering plants with unique bee species composition. The increase in bee diversity in agricultural habitats paralleled an increasing variation of bee body sizes with agricultural intensification that, however, diminished in environments with higher temperatures. Synthesis and applications. Our study reveals that bee assemblages in Afrotropical drylands benefit from agricultural intensification in the way it is currently practiced. However, further land-use intensification, including year-round irrigated crop monocultures and excessive use of agrochemicals, is likely to exert a negative impact on bee diversity and pollination services, as reported in temperate regions. Moreover, several bee species were restricted to natural savannah habitats. To conserve bee communities and guarantee pollination services in the region, a mixture of savannah and agriculture, with long periods of fallow land should be maintained.}, language = {en} } @article{BeckerKucharskiRoessleretal.2016, author = {Becker, Nils and Kucharski, Robert and R{\"o}ssler, Wolfgang and Maleszka, Ryszard}, title = {Age-dependent transcriptional and epigenomic responses to light exposure in the honey bee brain}, series = {FEBS Open Bio}, volume = {6}, journal = {FEBS Open Bio}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1002/2211-5463.12084}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147080}, pages = {622-639}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Light is a powerful environmental stimulus of special importance in social honey bees that undergo a behavioral transition from in-hive to outdoor foraging duties. Our previous work has shown that light exposure induces structural neuronal plasticity in the mushroom bodies (MBs), a brain center implicated in processing inputs from sensory modalities. Here, we extended these analyses to the molecular level to unravel light-induced transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in the honey bee brain. We have compared gene expression in brain compartments of 1- and 7-day-old light-exposed honey bees with age-matched dark-kept individuals. We have found a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), both novel and conserved, including several genes with reported roles in neuronal plasticity. Most of the DEGs show age-related changes in the amplitude of light-induced expression and are likely to be both developmentally and environmentally regulated. Some of the DEGs are either known to be methylated or are implicated in epigenetic processes suggesting that responses to light exposure are at least partly regulated at the epigenome level. Consistent with this idea light alters the DNA methylation pattern of bgm, one of the DEGs affected by light exposure, and the expression of microRNA miR-932. This confirms the usefulness of our approach to identify candidate genes for neuronal plasticity and provides evidence for the role of epigenetic processes in driving the molecular responses to visual stimulation.}, language = {en} } @article{DandekarGramschHoughtonetal.1985, author = {Dandekar, Thomas and Gramsch, Christian and Houghton, Richard A. and Schultz, R{\"u}diger}, title = {Affinity purification of \(\beta\)-endorphin-like material from NG108CC15 cells by means of the monoclonal \(\beta\)-endorphin antibody 3-E7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29896}, year = {1985}, abstract = {No abstract available}, language = {en} } @article{RiedmeierDecarolisHaubitzetal.2021, author = {Riedmeier, Maria and Decarolis, Boris and Haubitz, Imme and M{\"u}ller, Sophie and Uttinger, Konstantin and B{\"o}rner, Kevin and Reibetanz, Joachim and Wiegering, Armin and H{\"a}rtel, Christoph and Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt and Fassnacht, Martin and Wiegering, Verena}, title = {Adrenocortical carcinoma in childhood: a systematic review}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {13}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {21}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers13215266}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-248507}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Adrenocortical tumors are rare in children. This systematic review summarizes the published evidence on pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to provide a basis for a better understanding of the disease, investigate new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and define which patients may benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic approach. We included 137 studies with 3680 ACC patients (~65\% female) in our analysis. We found no randomized controlled trials, so this review mainly reflects retrospective data. Due to a specific mutation in the TP53 gene in ~80\% of Brazilian patients, that cohort was analyzed separately from series from other countries. Hormone analysis was described in 2569 of the 2874 patients (89\%). Most patients were diagnosed with localized disease, whereas 23\% had metastasis at primary diagnosis. Only 72\% of the patients achieved complete resection. In 334 children (23\%), recurrent disease was reported: 81\% — local recurrence, 19\% (n = 65) — distant metastases at relapse. Patients < 4 years old had a different distribution of tumor stages and hormone activity and better overall survival (p < 0.001). Although therapeutic approaches are typically multimodal, no consensus is available on effective standard treatments for advanced ACC. Thus, knowledge regarding pediatric ACC is still scarce and international prospective studies are needed to implement standardized clinical stratifications and risk-adapted therapeutic strategies.}, language = {en} }