@article{MeyerStoethMoratinetal.2021,
  author    = {Meyer, Till Jasper and St{\"o}th, Manuel and Moratin, Helena and Ickrath, Pascal and Herrmann, Marietta and Kleinsasser, Norbert and Hagen, Rudolf and Hackenberg, Stephan and Scherzad, Agmal},
  title     = {Cultivation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells with wound fluid leads to cisplatin resistance via epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms22094474},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258722},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Locoregional recurrence is a major reason for therapy failure after surgical resection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The physiological process of postoperative wound healing could potentially support the proliferation of remaining tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of wound fluid (WF) on the cell cycle distribution and a potential induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To verify this hypothesis, we incubated FaDu and HLaC78 cells with postoperative WF from patients after neck dissection. Cell viability in dependence of WF concentration and cisplatin was measured by flow cytometry. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry and EMT-marker expression by rtPCR. WF showed high concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, CCL2, MCP-1, EGF, angiogenin, and leptin. The cultivation of tumor cells with WF resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation without affecting the cell cycle. In addition, there was a significant enhancement of the mesenchymal markers Snail 2 and vimentin, while the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly decreased. After cisplatin treatment, tumor cells incubated with WF showed a significantly higher resistance compared with the control group. The effect of cisplatin-resistance was dependent on the WF concentration. In summary, proinflammatory cytokines are predominantly found in WF. Furthermore, the results suggest that EMT can be induced by WF, which could be a possible mechanism for cisplatin resistance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Thomas2021,
  author    = {Thomas, Sarah Katharina},
  title     = {Design of novel IL-4 antagonists employing site-specific chemical and biosynthetic glycosylation},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-17517},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175172},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are important mediators in the humoral immune response and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, allergies, and atopic dermatitis. Hence, IL-4 and IL-13 are key targets for treatment of such atopic diseases. For cell signalling IL-4 can use two transmembrane receptor assemblies, the type I receptor consisting of receptors IL-4R and γc, and type II receptor consisting of receptors IL-4R and IL-13R1. The type II receptor is also the functional receptor of IL-13, receptor sharing being the molecular basis for the partially overlapping effects of IL-4 and IL-13. Since both cytokines require the IL-4R receptor for signal transduction, this allows the dual inhibition of both IL-4 and IL-13 by specifically blocking the receptor IL-4R. This study describes the design and synthesis of novel antagonistic variants of human IL-4. Chemical modification was used to target positions localized in IL-4 binding sites for γc and IL-13R1 but outside of the binding epitope for IL-4R. In contrast to existing studies, which used synthetic chemical compounds like polyethylene glycol for modification of IL-4, we employed glycan molecules as a natural alternative. Since glycosylation can improve important pharmacological parameters of protein therapeutics, such as immunogenicity and serum half-life, the introduced glycan molecules thus would not only confer a steric hindrance based inhibitory effect but simultaneously might improve the pharmacokinetic profile of the IL-4 antagonist. For chemical conjugation of glycan molecules, IL-4 variants containing additional cysteine residues were produced employing prokaryotic, as well as eukaryotic expression systems. The thiol-groups of the engineered cysteines thereby allow highly specific modification. Different strategies were developed enabling site-directed coupling of amine- or thiol- functionalized monosaccharides to introduced cysteine residues in IL-4. A linker-based coupling procedure and an approach requiring phenylselenyl bromide activation of IL-4 thiol-groups were hampered by several drawbacks, limiting their feasibility. Surprisingly, a third strategy, which involved refolding of IL-4 cysteine variants in the presence of thiol- glycans, readily allowed synthesis of IL-4 glycoconjugates in form of mixed disulphides in milligram amount. This approach, therefore, has the potential for large-scale synthesis of IL-4 antagonists with highly defined glycosylation. Obtaining a homogenous glycoconjugate with exactly defined glycan pattern would allow using the attached glycan structures for fine-tuning of pharmacokinetic properties of the IL-4 antagonist, such as absorption and metabolic stability. The IL-4 glycoconjugates generated in this work proved to be highly effective antagonists inhibiting IL-4 and/or IL-13 dependent responses in cell-based experiments and in in vitro binding studies. Glycoengineered IL-4 antagonists thus present valuable alternatives to IL-4 inhibitors used for treatment of atopic diseases such as the neutralizing anti-IL-4R antibody Dupilumab.},
  subject      = {Glykosylierung},
  language  = {en}
}