@article{HackerOttBlumetal.1992,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Ott, Manfred and Blum, Gabriele and Marre, Reinhard and Heesemann, J{\"u}rgen and Tsch{\"a}pe, Helmut and Goebel, Werner},
  title     = {Genetics of Escherichia coli uropathogenicity: Analysis of the O6:K15:H31 isolate 536},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71578},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {E. coli strain 536 (06: K15: H31) isolated from a case of acute pyelonephritis, expresses S-fimbrial adhesins, P-related fimbriae, common type I fimbriae, and hemolysins. The respective chromosomally encoded determinants were cloned by constructing a genomic library of this strain. Furthermore, the strain produces the iron uptake substance, enterocheline, damages HeLa cells, and behaves in a serum-resistant mode. Genetic analysis of spontaneously arising non-hemolytic variants revealed that some of the virulence genes were physically linked to large unstable DNA regions, termed "pathogenicity islands", which were mapped in the respective positions on the E. coli K-12linkage map. By comparing the wild type strain and mutants in in vitro and in vivo assays, virulence features have been evaluated. In addition, a regulatory cross talk between adhesin determinants was found for the wild-type isolate. This particular mode of virulence regulation is missing in the mutant strain.},
  subject      = {Escherichia coli},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ParkkinenHackerKorhonen1991,
  author    = {Parkkinen, Jaakko and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Korhonen, Timo K.},
  title     = {Enhancement of tissue plasminogen activator-catalyzed plasminogen activation by Escherichia coli S fimbriae associated with neonatal septicaemia and meningitis.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71566},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The effect of Escherichia coli strains isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of septic infants on plasminogen activation was studied. These strains typically carry a filamentous surface protein, S fimbria, that has formerly been shown to bind to endothelial cells and interact with plasminogen. The bacteria effectively promoted plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) which was inhibited by e-aminocaproic acid. A recombinant strain expressing S fimbriae accelerated t-PAcatalyzed plasminogen activation to a similar extent as did the wild-type strains whereas the nonfimbriate recipient strain had no effect. After incubation with t-PA and plasminogen, the S-fimbriate strain displayed bacterium-bound plasmin activity whereas the nonfimbriate strain did not. Bacterium-associated plasmin generation was also observed with a strain expressing mutagenized S fimbriae that Iack the cell-binding subunit SfaS but not with a strain lacking the major subunit SfaA. Both t-PA and plasminogen bound to purified S fimbriae in a lysine-dependent manner and purified S fimbriae accelerated t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen activation. The results indicate that E. coli S fimbriae form a complex with t-PA and plasminogen which enhances the rate of plasminogen activation and generates bacterium-bound plasmin. This may promote bacterial invasion and persistence in tissues and contribute to the systemic activation of fibrinolysis in septicaemia.},
  subject      = {Escherichia coli},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerRdestWintermeyeretal.1991,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Rdest, Ursula and Wintermeyer, E. and Ludwig, B.},
  title     = {Legiolysin, a New Hemolysin from L. pneumophila},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73070},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Legionella pneumophila generares exotoxins, cytolysins, proteases oc hemolysins that darnage host cells llke erythrocytes or rissue cu lrure cells. The gene for a new L. pneumophila hemolysin withour a proteolytic activiry was idemified, cloned in E. coli and sequenced. The gene producr was analysed by SDS-Polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis.},
  subject      = {H{\"a}molysin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerSchrettenbrunnerSchroeteretal.1986,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Schrettenbrunner, A. and Schr{\"o}ter, G. and Schmidt, G. and D{\"u}vel, H. and Goebel, W.},
  title     = {Characterization of Escherichia coli wild-type strains by means of agglutination with antisera raised against cloned P-, S- and MS-fimbriae antigens, hemagglutination, serotyping and hemolysin-production},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72992},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {E. coli stcains isolated from patients with urinary tcact infecrions (UTn very often possess mannose"sensitive (MS) and mannose-resistant (MR) adherence facmrs (fimbriae). According to their receptor specificity the mannose-resistant adhesins can be divided inm several types, P, S, M and X. We have cloned rhe determinants of rhree groups of UTI E. coli adhesins, MS, p and S, and prepared specific aorisera against the fimbriae antigens. 189 hernagglutination (HA+) -positive stcains, 96 fecal isolates and 93 strains isoJated from UTI . have been tesred with rhese specific antisera and further characterized by receptor specific : HA, HA parteras and further of rhe "common 0 serogroups" 01, 02, 04, 06, 07, 08, 018, ' 025, 075, most prevalenr in UTI, and hemolysin production. · 68 (73 \%) of the UTI srrains a.nd 50 (52\%) of the fecal isolates showed P-receptor specificiry; 16 (17\%) of the uropathogenic bacteria and 33 (34\%) of the fecal strains exhibited S, M or X-fimbriae antigens. 24\% of rhe P-hemagglutinating (P+) strains reacted wirb P (F8)-specific antiserum. In contrast, more than three quaner of the s+-srrains were agglutinated by S-specific antiserum. HA-pattern VJ and 018 amigen were found to be associared with P-fimbriae strains, wbereas HA-pattern V and VII and the 0 anrigens 02 (M-type), 06 and 018 (5-type) occurred most frequently in p- -strains. A high percentage of P-fimbriated strains showed mannose-sensitive hemagglurination and hemolysin production.},
  subject      = {Escherichia coli},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerGadebergOrskov1989,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Gadeberg, Ole V. and Orskov, Ida},
  title     = {Role of alpha-Hemolysin for the in vitro Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Escherichia coli},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73019},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {The_role of a-hemolysin for the elimination of Eschericbia coli by phagocyres in vitro was investigated using sets of isogenic strains which included wild-type a -hemolyric srrains, derived strains with a reduced production of a-hemolysin and derived nonhemolytic strains. Phagocyrosis and intracellular killing of the bacteria by human blood granulocytes or monocytes were measured using growth inhibition rechniques. a-hemolytic strains were phagocytosed and killed ro a Jesser extent than isogenic strains with a reduced production of o:hemoJysin and isogenic nonhemolytic strains. The results obrained with granulocyres were similar to rhose obtained with monocyres although the elimination of bacteria by monocytes was less than that by granulocytes. These resulcs strongJy suggest that production of ahemolysin is a means by which E. coli counteracrs the activity of phagocytes by injuring these cells with the toxin.},
  subject      = {Escherichia coli},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerUlmerFasskeetal.1987,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Ulmer, E. and Fasske, E. and Schmidt, G.},
  title     = {Isolation and characterization of coliphage Omega18A specific for Escherichia coli O18ac strains},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73001},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {The bactedophage Q18A, specific for Escherichia coli 018ac srrains, was isolated frorn sewage. The results of host range and conjugation experiments showed that the sensitivity of bacteria to the phage is associated with rhe presence of 018ac antigens. With sorne of rhe 018 strains rhe phage Q18A produces clear Iysis on bacterial lawns only when applied at a high multiplicity and moreover the phage does not multiply. With rhe help of the phage Ql8A, E. coli 0 18ac strains could be divided inro rwo serologically clistinct subgroups called 018A and 018A1• E. coli strains belanging to the sugroup 0 ISAare sensitive to phage Q t8A wheteas bacteria of subgroup A1 are resistanr.},
  subject      = {Escherichia coli},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerOttHof1993,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Ott, M. and Hof, H.},
  title     = {Effects of low, subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on expression of a virulence gene cluster of pathogenic E. coli by using a wild-type gene fusion},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59874},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZinglerBlumFalkenhagenetal.1993,
  author    = {Zingler, G. and Blum, G. and Falkenhagen, U. and Orskov, I. and Orskov, F. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Ott, M},
  title     = {Clonal differentiation of uropathogenic E. coli isolates of serotype O6:K5 by fimbrial antigen typing and DNA long-range mapping techniques},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59865},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Escherichia coli isolates of serotype 06: K5 are the most common causative agents of cystitis and pyelonephritis in adults. To answer the question, as to whether strains of this particular serotype represent one special clonal group, out of a collection of 34 serotype 06: K5 isolates [Zingler et al. ( 1990) Zentralbl. Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 274:372-381] 15 strains were selected andanalyzed in detail. The flagellar (H) antigen and the outer membrane protein (OMP) pattern were determined. Furtherserum resistance properties and the genetic presence and expression of other virulence factors, including hemolysin, aerobactin, P fimbriae, S/F1C fimbriae and type 1 fimbriae was evaluated. In~laddition the Xbalmacrorestriction pattern of ten representative isolates was elaborated and the fimbrial (F) antigentype ofthe P fimbriae was determined, to obtain the complete 0: K: H: F pattern. These analyses could clearly show that the 06: K5 isolates do not represent one clonal group. The Xbal-macrorestriction profiles were heterogeneaus and marked differences in the hybridization patterns, using virulenceassociated gene probes in Southern hybridization of long-range-separated genomic DNA, were observed among the strains. However, some of strains showed similarities in the genomic profiles, arguing for clonal groupings among the 06: K5 isolates. lnterstingly the strains grouped tagether exhibited the same fimbrial F typethat many indicate a coincidence of this phenotypic trait with clonality.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerKestlerHoschuetzkyetal.1993,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Kestler, H. and Hosch{\"u}tzky, H. and Jann, K. and Lottspeich, F. and Korhonen, T. K.},
  title     = {Cloning and characterization of the S fimbrial adhesin (SfaII) complex of an Escherichia coli O18:K1 meningitis isolate},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59853},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {S fimbrial adbesins (Sfa), which are able to recognize sialic acid-containing receptors on eukaryotic cells, are produced by Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infections or newbom meningitis. We recently described tbe cloning and molecular cbaracterization of a determinant, termed sftJI, from the chromosome of an E. coli urinary tract infection strain. Herewe present data conceming a S fimbria-specific gene duster, designated sfall, of an E. coli newbom meningitis strain. Like tbe Sfal complex, Sfall consists of tbe major subunit protein SfaA (16 kDa) and the minor subunit proteins SfaG (17 kDa), SfaS (15 kDa), and SfaH (29 kDa). The genes encoding tbe subunit proteins of Sfall were identified and sequenced. Their protein sequences were calculated from the DNA sequences and compared with tbose of the Sfal complex subunits. Altbough the sequences ofthe two major SfaA subunits ditf'ered markedly, tbe sequences ofthe minor subunits sbowed only a few amino acid exchanges (SfaG, SfaH) or were completely identical (SfaS). The introduction of a site-specific mutation into the gene sfaSII and subsequent analysis of an SfaS-negative clone indicated that sfaSII codes for the sialic acid-specific adhesin of tbe meninigitis isolate. These data were confirmed by tbe isolation and characterization of tbe SfaSII protein and the determination of its N-terminal amino acid sequence. The identity between the sialic acid-specific adhesins of Sfal and Sfall revealed that difl'erences between the two Sfa complexes with respect to tbeir capacities to agglutinate erythrocytes must result from sequence alterations of subunit proteins other tban SfaS.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MorschhaeuserUhlinHacker1993,
  author    = {Morschh{\"a}user, J. and Uhlin, B. E. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Transcriptional analysis and regulation of the sfa determinant coding for S fimbria of pathogenic E. coli strains},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59844},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {The sfa determinant codes for S fimbrial adhesins which constitute adherence factors of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Wehave recently shown that the sfa determinant is transcribed from three pr{\"o}moters, pA, pB, and pC. In comparison with the promoters pB and pC, promoter pA, which is located in front of the structural gene sfaA, showed very weak activity. Herewe have determined the exact positions ofthe mRNA start points by primer extension studies. We have also shown that mRNAs of 500, 700 and 1400 bases can be detected using oligonucleotide probes specific for the genes sfaB, sfaC and sfaA. SfaB and SfaC arepositive regulators infiuencing fimbriation and the production of the S-specific adhesin which is encoded by the gene sfaS Iocated in the distal half of the determinant. In addition, it is demonstrated that SfaB and SfaC interfere with the regulatory effect of the histone-like protein H-NS, encoded by a locus termed drdX or osmZ. In a drdx+ strain the regulators are necessary for transcription of the sfa determinant. In contrast, sfa expression is activator-independent in a drdx- strain. In this latter genetic background, a substantial fraction of the sfa transcripts is initiated from promoter pA. On the basis of these data we discuss a model for the regulation of this adhesin-specific determinant.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrotenSteinigPlogmannetal.1992,
  author    = {Schroten, H. and Steinig, M. and Plogmann, R. and Hanisch, F. G. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Herzig, P. and Wahn, V},
  title     = {S-fimbriae mediated adhesin of Escherichia coli to human buccal epithelial cells is age independent},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59830},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {S-fimbriated Escherichia coli, which cause sepsis and meningitis in the newbom, bind to sialic acid-containing glycoprotein structures on the surface of human buccal epithelial cells. The dependence of · this binding on host age was examined. S-fimbriated · E. coli adhered in comparable numbers to cells in newborns, infants, children and adults (23.0 ± 8.6; 23.1 ± 11.5; 24.7 ± 7.9; 28.9 ± 8.8). Thus, the increased susceptibility of neonates to infections caused by S-fimbriated E. coli cannot be explained by enhanced · adhesion to epithelial cells},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttBenderLuecketal.1992,
  author    = {Ott, M. and Bender, L. and L{\"u}ck, P. C. and Meyer, P. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Distribution of Legionellae in a hospital water system: prevalence of immunologically and genetically related Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 isolates},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59827},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {A hospital warm water system was monitored for the prcsence and distribution of lcgionellac. Subtyping of ten scletled Legionella pneumophiltl isolates. originating from four different sites in the system by using serogroup spccific antisera in an indircct immunofluorcscence tcst, rcvcalcd that nine of the tcn isolatcs belonged to scrogroup 6, while the remaining one was serogroup I 0. Two monoclonal antibodics (mAbs) spccific for a subgroup of serogroup 6 strains were further used for characterization. None of the strains reactcd with these mAbs. Genome analysis by elaborating Not I profiles using the pulscd field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique revealed that nearly all serogroup 6 isolates dcrived from different sites, including a new building connected hy a ring pipe. wcrc identical according to restriction fragment pattems. The patterns were distinguishable from those of the two L. pnewnophi/a serogroup 6 rcfcrencc strains, and ftom that of thc L. pneumophila scrogroup 10 isolate. These data arguc for a relatively homogeneaus L. pneunwpltila serogroup 6 population in the entire watcr system.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LinhardtZiebuhrMeyeretal.1992,
  author    = {Linhardt, F. and Ziebuhr, W. and Meyer, P. and Witte, W. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments as a tool for the epidemiological analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59811},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Thirtccn StttJ1hylococcus dw·eus and s: <'pid<'l'· midis strains ohtaincd from nnsc and hand nf twn cmployccs and onc paticnt uf a mcdical ward as weil as two S. hemol.\"licus strains wcrc analyscd according to thcir rcstrktion fmgmcnt lcngth pattcrns ( RFLP) hy pulscd-ficld gcl clcctrophorcsis (PFGE) using thc rcslriction cnzymcs SmaJ and s.. .· tll. Spccics idcntification nf thc isolatcs was pcrformcd hy a systcm which includcs :!O hiochcmical rc"ctions. Furthcrmorc. thc antillintic resistancc pattcrns of thc stmins wcrc dctcrmincd. Whilc scvcral isolatcs cxhihitcd idcnticaf antihiotic susccptihilitics and hiochcmical prnfilcs. diffcrences in thc RFLP wcrc ohtaincd. ln thrcc cascs, S. epiderm{\"u}lis strains colonizing thc skin showcd an idcntical rcstriction profilc as isollltcs from thc mucous mcmhrancs of thc samc pcrson. Wc C(mcludcd that thc analysis of staphylococcal strains hy PFGE is an important cpidcmiolngical tnnl with high discrimination power.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrotenLethenHanischetal.1992,
  author    = {Schroten, H. and Lethen, A. and Hanisch, F., G. and Plogmann, R. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Nobis-Bosch, R. and Wahn, V.},
  title     = {Inhibition of adhesion of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to epithelial cells by meconium feces of breast fed and formula fed newborns - mucins are the major inhibitor component},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59804},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {We investigated the ability of meconium, feces from human milk-fed (HMF) newborns, and feces from formula-fed (FF) newborns to inhibit adhesion of S-fimbriated E. coli to human buccal epithelial cells. S-fimbriae are a common property of E.·coli strains causing sepsis and meningitis in neonates. Meconium had the highest content of neuraminic acid and the strongest inhibitory effect on bacterial adhesion. HMF also exerted high inhibitory activity while FF was markedly less active: To achieve inhibitory effects comparable to HMF a sixfold amount of FF was required. Glycoproteins from excretions were separated by gel chromatography. Fractions obtained were analyzed for adhesion-inhibiting activity. In all excretions analyzed, the mucin-containing fraction could be identified as the major inhibitory component. Inhibition was probably mediated by specific interaction of this fraction with S-fimbriae, as shown by binding of isolated fimbriae on Western blots after electrophoretic separation of glycoproteins. In conclusion, our data support the view that the mucin-containing fraction from meconium and human milk exerts antibacterial functions by preventing adhesin-mediated binding of pathogenic bacteria to mucosal epithelia. Key Words: S-fimbriated E. coli-Inhibition of adhesion-Meconium- Feces of human milk-fed newborns-Feces of formula-fed newborns-Mucins.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZinglerOttBlumetal.1992,
  author    = {Zingler, G. and Ott, M. and Blum, G. and Falkenhagen, U. and Naumann, G. and Sokolowska-K{\"o}hler, W. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Clonal analysis of Escherichia coli serotype O6 strains from urinary tract infections},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59786},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {A total of 36 Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates (UTI) of serotype 06, with different combinations of capsule ( K) and flagellin ( H) antigens, were analysed according to the outer membrane pattern (OMP), serum resistance properties, mannose-resistant hemagglutination using various types of erythrocytes, and also for the genetic presence and the expression of Pfimbriae. S fimbriae/F1 C fimbriae, Type 1 fimbriae, aerobactin and hemolysin. Twenty selected strains were further analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), elaborating genomic profilas by Xba I cleavage and subsequent Southern hybridization to virulence-associated DNA probes. lt could be shown that 06 UTI isolates represent a highly heterogeneaus group of strains according to the occurrence and combination of these traits. Relatedness an the genetic and the phenotypic Ievei was found for some of the strains exhibiting the same 0: K: H: F serotype. DNA Iang-range mapping further indicated some interesting features, according to the copy number and the genomic linkage of virulence genes.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrotenHanischPlogmannetal.1992,
  author    = {Schroten, H. and Hanisch, F. G. and Plogmann, R. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Uhlenbruck, G. and Wahn, V.},
  title     = {Inhibition of Adhesion of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to buccal epithelial cells by human milk fat globule membrane components: a novel aspect of protective function of mucins in the non-immunoglobulin fraction},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59793},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {We investigated the presence of factors in human milkthat inhibit Invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The efl'ect of human milk fat globule membrane (HMFGM) components on adhesion of cloned S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to human buccal epithelial cells was analyzed. S fimbriae are a common feature of E. coli strains causing sepsis and meningitis in newborns and are bound to epithelia via sialyl-(a-2-3)galactoside structures. Human milk fat globules (HMFG) could be agglutinated by the above-mentioned bacteria. Agglutination could be inhibited by fetuin, human glycophorin, and a 1-acid glycoprotein. In addition, pretreatment of HMFG with Jlibrio cholerae neuraminidase markedly reduced bacterium-induced agglutinations, indicating the involvement of neuraminic acid-containing glycoproteins. In contrast, Iipid droplets of infant formula or artificiallipid emulsions (Intralipid) could not be agglutinated. HMFG were present in stools of breast-fed neonates as shown by indirect immunofluorescence staining with a monoclonal antibody directed against carbohydrate residues present on HMFGM. These HMFG could be agglutinated by bacteria. HMFG inhibited E. coli adhesion to buccal epithelial cells. To further characterize relevant E. coli binding structures, HMFGM components w~re separated by gel chromatography. The mucin fraction showed the most pronounced inhibitory efrect on adhesion of S-fimbriated E. coli to human buccal epithelial cells. Our data soggest that HMFG inhibit bacterial adhesion in the entire intestine and thereby may provide protection against bacterial infection.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FischerBangLudwigetal.1992,
  author    = {Fischer, G. and Bang, H. and Ludwig, B. and Mann, K. H. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Mip protein of Legionella pneumophila exhibits peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59778},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Legfonells pneumoph/la is an intracellular paraslte which ts able to survtve and multipJy in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. The Mtp (macrophage lnfectiv1ty potentlator) protein has been shown to be an essential virulente factor. A search of translated nuclelt .acld data ba.ses has shown that the Mip proteJn from strain Wadsworth possesses reglons homologaus to those found in the FK.506-bindfng proteins (FKBPs) of several different eukaryotlc organisms. FKBPs are abte to bind to the fmmunosuppressant macrollde FK506 and possess peptidyf .. prolyl cisltrans Isomerase (PPiase) activlty. The gene coding for the Mlp proteln was cloned from the ehromo. some of L. pneumophila straln Philadelph·a I and sequenced. II was synthesl\%ed in Escherichla coll ·K- 12 and alter purlfication it exhibited PPiase activity catalyslng the slow clsltrans lsomerization of prolyl peptlde bonds. ln ollgopeptides. Mip ls inhibi~ted by FK506 and fully reslstant to cyclosporln A, as was also found for the recently characterlzed FKBP-type PPiases of eukaryotes. However, the N-terminal extenslon of Mip and/or the substltutrons of the vari· ab1e amlno acrds ln the C-termlnal FKBP core Iead to variatlons,. when compared with eukaryotlc FKBPs, Jn substrate specfflclty wlth the Oligopeptide substrates of' type Suc-Aia-Xaa-Pro-Phe·4·nitroanUide. Never· theless, the Legionella Mip factor represents a bacte· rial gene product whtch shares some characteristics normally found in eukaryotic proteins. ln view of the activity of PPiases in protein-folding reactlonsf such prokaryotic FKBP analogues may represent a new class of bacterial. pathogenicity factors.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttBenderChirinosetal.1991,
  author    = {Ott, M. and Bender, L. and Chirinos, E. and Ehret, W. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Phenotype versus genotype of the 19 kd peptido-glycan associated protein of Legionella (PplA) among Legionellae and other gram-negative bacteria},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59768},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The protein PpiA (19 kD) cloned from a genomic library of Legionella pneumophila, Philadelphia 1, represents a peptido-glycan associated outer membrane protein in recombinant E. coli K-12 and L. pneumophila. lt exhibits distinct sequence homology to Iipoproteins of Haemophilus influenzae and E. coli. A ppiA specific DNA probe generated by PCR was used in Southern hybridizations of chromosomal DNA of Legionella strains and other Gram-negative pathogens. Under conditions of high stringency, hybridization could only be observed in L. pneumophila isolates, but alt other Legionella strains tested displayed hybridization under lower stringency. No signals appeared after hybridization of chromosomal DNA from a variety of other bacteria. Using anti-PpiA monospecific polyclonal antibodies in Western blots, it was demonstrated that PpiA related proteins of nearly the same size are found in all L. pneumophila isolates and in a variety of, but not alt, the Legionella species analysed here.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttMessnerHeesemannetal.1991,
  author    = {Ott, M. and Messner, P. and Heesemann, J. and Marre, R. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Temperature dependent expression of flagella in Legionella},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59755},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Legionel/a pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, was analysed by electron microscopy for production of surface structures. Crystalline surface (S-) layers and fimbriae were not detected, but monotrichous flagellation was seen. Polyclonal antibodies specific for the 47 kDa ftagellin subunit of L. pneumophila Philadelphia I were used in Western blots to confirm the presence of flagella subunits in various L. pneumophila strains tested, but the antiserumalso reacted with flagellin subunits of L. micdlulei, L. hackelia (serogroup (SG) l and SG21 and L./ongbetichae (SG2). Flagellation of Legionellae was shown to be temperature regulated. When the growth temperature of virulent and avirulent variants of strain L. pneumophila Philadelphia I was shifted from 30 oc to either 37 or 41 oc, a decrease in the percentage offtagellated bacteria within the populationwas observed.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BenderOttDebesetal.1991,
  author    = {Bender, L. and Ott, M. and Debes, A. and Rdest, U. and Heesemann, J. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Distribution, expression and long range mapping of legiolysin gene (lly) specific DNA sequences in Legionellae},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59744},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The legiolysin gene (lly) cloned from Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia 1 confers the phenotypes of hemolysis and browning of the culture medium. An internal Uy-specific DNA probe was used in Southern hybridizations for the detection of Uy-specific DNA in the genomes of legioneUae and other gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Under conditi9ns of high stringency, tlie Uy DNA probe specifically reacted with DNA fragments fr9m L. pneumophi{\"u}z isolates; by reducing stringency, hybridization was also observed for all other Legionella strains tested. No hybridization occurred with DNAs isolated from bact~ria of other genera. The Uy genewas mapped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the respective genomic Notl fragments of Legionelltz isolates. By using antilegiolysin monospecific polyclonal antibodies in Western blots (immunoblots), Lly proteins could be detected only in L. pneumophila isolates.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}