@article{ZinnerSperlichWahletal.2015,
  author    = {Zinner, Christoph and Sperlich, Billy and Wahl, Patrick and Mester, Joachim},
  title     = {Classification of selected cardiopulmonary variables of elite athletes of different age, gender, and disciplines during incremental exercise testing},
  series = {SpringerPlus},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {SpringerPlus},
  number    = {544},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40064-015-1341-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126275},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Incremental exercise testing is frequently used as a tool for evaluating determinants of endurance performance. The available reference values for the peak oxygen uptake \((VO_{2peak})\), \% of \(VO_{2peak}\) , running speed at the lactate threshold \((v_{LT})\), running economy (RE), and maximal running speed \((v_{peak})\) for different age, gender, and disciplines are not sufficient for the elite athletic population. The key variables of 491 young athletes (age range 12-21 years; 250 males, 241 females) assessed during a running step test protocol \((2.4 m s^{-1} ; increase 0.4 m s^{-1} 5 min^{-1})\) were analysed in five subgroups, which were related to combat-, team-, endurance-, sprint- and power-, and racquet-related disciplines. Compared with female athletes, male athletes achieved a higher \(v_{peak}\) (P = 0.004). The body mass, lean body mass, height, abs. \(VO_{2peak} (ml min^{-1})\), rel. \(VO_{2peak} (ml kg^{-1} min^{-1})\), rel. \(VO_{2peak} (ml min^{-1} kg^{-0.75})\), and RE were higher in the male participants compared with the females (P < 0.01). The \% of \(VO_2\) at \(v_{LT}\) was lower in the males compared with the females (P < 0.01). No differences between gender were detected for the \(v_{LT}\) (P = 0.17) and \% of \(VO_2\) at \(v_{LT}\) (P = 0.42). This study is one of the first to provide a broad spectrum of data to classify nearly 500 elite athletes aged 12-21 years of both gender and different disciplines.},
  language  = {en}
}