@article{SchmuckGeiseLinsenmair1994,
  author    = {Schmuck, R. and Geise, W. and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard},
  title     = {Life cycle strategies and physiological adjustments of Reedfrog Tadpoles (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) in relation to environmental conditions.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31009},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The relationship between different degrees of intraspecific crowding of reedfrog tadpoles and their physiological responses to a deterioration of the natal pond water quality was examined under laboratory conditions. Tadpoles that were reared at a lower density metamorphosed significantly earlier than those raised at a higher density. As density increases, the average body length at metamorphosis decreases. However, at low tadpole density, a significantly higher diversity of body size classes among freshly metamorphosed froglets was observed than under more crowded conditions. Mortality increased during metamorphic climax and was inversely correlated with the tadpole density. In ephemeral ponds, an accumulation of nitrogenous wastes from metabolic processes and/or a concentration by evaporation in prolonged rainless periods can pose a considerable chemical stress to reedfrog tadpoles. Hyperolius viridiflavus ommatostictus responded to an increasing ammonia concentration with an activity increase of the ornithine cycle (intensified urea synthesis). hi contrast, Hyperolius marmoratus taeniatus exhibited a strong tolerance against high ammonia levels. A deterioration of the natal pond water quality caused H. v. ommatostictus and H. v. nitidulus tadpoles to adjust to harsher climatic conditions at the time of metamorphosis. This physiological preadjustment enabled the froglets to start feeding and growing immediately after metamorphosis even at low air humidity and rare precipitation events. In contrast, froglets that were raised in daily refreshed water exhibited high mortality rates if subjected to identical conditions. As one possible indicator of the actual climatic conditions prevailing in the surrounding terrestrial habitat, fluctuations in the water ammonia level are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schneider1994,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Der {\"U}bergang in weiterf{\"u}hrende Schulen nach dem 4. oder 6. Grundschuljahr? Theoretische Analysen und empirische Befunde zur Prognose des Schulerfolgs},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87465},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Grundschule},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Schneider1994,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Lese-Rechtschreib-Forschung heute: Einf{\"u}hrung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87489},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Es wird eine Kurz{\"u}bersicht {\"u}ber relevante Str{\"o}mungen der Lese-Recht chreib-Forschung gegeben. Nachdem die sog. Legasthenieforschung aufgrund konzeptueller und methodologischer Probleme in die Kritik geraten war, treten gegenw{\"a}rtig eher theorieorientierte An {\"a}tze in den Vordergrund. euere Modelle zum Schriftspracherwerb haben zahlreiche L{\"a}ngsschnittstudien stimuliert, die die Relevanz metalinguistischer F{\"a}higkeiten f{\"u}r den p{\"a}teren Schriftspracherwerb dokumentieren.},
  subject      = {Leseforschung},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchneiderViseReimersetal.1994,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang and Vis{\´e}, Mechthild and Reimers, Petra and Blaesser, Barbara},
  title     = {Auswirkungen eines Trainings der sprachlichen Bewußtheit auf den Schriftspracherwerb in der Schule},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87491},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Mit der vorliegenden Trainingsstudie wird der Versuch unternommen, Ergebni e eines F{\"o}rderprograrnms zur sprachlichen Bewußtheit (Lundberg, Frost \& Petersen 1988) im deutschsprachigen Raum zu validieren. An unserer Replikationsstudie nahmen insgesamt 371 Kinder teil, von denen 205 Kinder einer Trainingsgruppe und 166 Kinder einer Kontrollgruppe zugewiesen wurden. Das F{\"o}rderprograrnm bestand aus Sprachspielen, die {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von zirka 6 Monaten t{\"a}glich 15 Minuten in den Kindergartengruppen durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt keine spezielle F{\"o}rderung, sondern nahm am regul{\"a}ren Kindergartenprogramm teil. Indikatoren der sprachlichen Bewußtheit und weitere metalinguistische und kognitive Variablen wurden unmittelbar vor und nach der F{\"o}rderung erhoben. Zu Beginn des ersten Schuljahres wurde ein metalinguistischer Transfertest, gegen Ende dann ein Rechtschreibtest durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Befunde replizieren die Ergebnisse der d{\"a}nischen Ausgangsstudie insofern, als kurz- und langfristige Trainingseffekte gesichert werden konnten. Sie verdeutlichen jedoch zus{\"a}tzlich, daß die Qualit{\"a}t der F{\"o}rderung f{\"u}r die Langzeitwirkung entscheidend war.},
  subject      = {phonologische Bewusstheit},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesSchneiderSchauliesSchusteretal.1994,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and Schneider-Schaulies, S. and Schuster, A. and Bayer, M. and Pavlovic, J. and ter Meulen, V.},
  title     = {Cell type specific MxA-mediated inhibition of measles virus transcription in human brain cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34313},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Measles virus (MV)-specific transcription in human brain cells is characterized by particularly low abundances of the distal mRNAs encoding the MV envelope proteins. Similar transcriptional restrictions of the closely related vesicular stomatitis virus have been observed in mouse fibroblasts constitutively expressing the interferon-inducible MxA protein (P. Staeheli and J. Pavlovic, J. Virol. 65:4498-4501, 1991). We found that MV infection of human brain cells is accompanied by rapid induction and high-level expression of endogenous MxA proteins. After stable transfection of MxA, human glioblastoma cells (U-87-MxA) released 50- to 100-fold less infectious virus and expression of viral proteinswas highly restricted. The overall MV-specific transcription Ievels were reduced by up to 90\%, accompanied by low relative frequencies of the distal MV-specific mRNAs. These restrictions were linked to an inhibition of viral RNA synthesis and not to a decreased stability of the viral RNAs. Our results indicate that expression of MxA is associated with transcriptional attenuation of MV in brain cells, thus probably contributing to the establishment of persistent MV central nervous system infections. In addition, the mechanism of MxA-dependent resistance against MV infection, in contrast to that of vesicular Stomatitis virus, is cell type specific, because an inhibition of MV glycoprotein synthesis independent of transcriptional alterations was observed in MxA-transfected human monocytes},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesSchneiderSchauliesSchusteretal.1994,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle and Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and Schuster, A. and Bayer, M. and Pavlovic, J. and ter Meulen, V.},
  title     = {Cell type specific MxA-mediated inhibition of measles virus transcription in human brain cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62255},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesSchnorrDunsteretal.1994,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle and Schnorr, J.-J. and Dunster, L. M. and Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {The role of host factors in measles virus persistence},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54944},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {As critical steps in the life cycle oJ measles virus (Mfl), the e.fficiency of uptake into and replication in susceptible host cells are governed by cellular determinants. Measles virus infections of cells of the human CNS are characterized by particular constraints imposed on v1:ral transcription and translation attenuating viral gene Junctions and thus contributing to the pathogenesis oJ MV persistence in these cells.},
  subject      = {Immunologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwartzNeveEisenmanetal.1994,
  author    = {Schwartz, Faina and Neve, Rachel and Eisenman, Robert and Gessler, Manfred and Bruns, Gail},
  title     = {A WAGR region gene between PAX-6 and FSHB expressed in fetal brain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59125},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Developmental delay or mental retardation is a frequent component of multi-system anomaly syndromes associated with chromosomal deletions. Isolation of genes involved in the mental dysfunction in these disorders should define loci important in brain formation or function. We have identified a highly conserved locus in the distal part of 11 p 13 that is prominently expressed in fetal brain. Minimal expression is observed in a number of other fetal tissues. The gene maps distal to PAX-6 but proximal to the loci for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone (FSHB), within a region previously implicated in the mental retardation component of some WAGR syndrome patients. Within fetal brain, the corresponding transcript is prominent in frontal, motor and primary visual cortex as weil as in the caudate-putamen. The characteristics of this gene, including the striking evolutionary conservation at the locus, suggest that the encoded protein may function in brain development.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzHameisterGessleretal.1994,
  author    = {Schwarz, Klaus and Hameister, Horst and Gessler, Manfred and Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz and Hansen-Hagge, Thomas E. and Bartram, Claus R.},
  title     = {Confirmation of the localization of the human recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) to chromosome 11p13},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59136},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The human recombination activating gene 1 (RAGl) has previously been mapped to chromosomes 14q and 11 p. Here we confirm the chromosome 11 assignment by two independent approaches: autoradiographic and fluorescence in situ hybridization to metaphase spreads and analysis of human-hamster somatic cell hybrid DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting. Our results unequivocally localize RAG1 to llp13.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchuesslerHenjesKunst1994,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}ssler, Ulrich and Henjes-Kunst, Friedhelm},
  title     = {Petrographical and Geochronological Investigations on a Garnet-Tourmaline Pegmatite from Ringgold Knoll, Oates Coast, Antarctica},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31789},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The Ringgold Knoll pegmatite, a late-stage member of the Granite Harbour Intrusives, crosscuts high-grade Wilson gneisses of the Oates Coast, which forms the westernmost part of the Wilson Terrane at the Pacific end of the Cambro-Ordovician Ross orogenic belt in West Antarctica. The pegmatite mineral assemblage consists of K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, garnet (almandinespessartine-pyrope), dark tourmaline (schorl-dravite), muscovite, apatite, monazite, zircon, blue AI-rich tourmaline and dumortierite in order of decreasing abundances. Major, minor and rare earth elements are reported for the greater part of the mineral assemblage. The time of pegmatite emplacement is constrained by Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isochron ages of 492 ± 8 (2a) Ma and 500 ± 40 (2a) Ma, respectively. High initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7315 ± 0.0003 and low E Nd,t of -8.7 ± 1.2 strongly support an origin of the magma from highly evolved crustal source rocks. K-Ar and Ar-Ar model ages of about 470 to 475 Ma for igneous muscovite indicate that the pegmatite together with its wall rocks spent a prolonged period at elevated temperatures before final cooling below about 350 °C. The muscovite dates may give an estimate for the time of exhumation of the Oates Coast crystalline basement along two major late Ross orogenic detachment zones within the Wilson Terrane i.e. the Wilson and the Exiles thrusts (c.f. FL{\"O}TTMANN and KLEINSCHMIDT, 1991).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SegevRagerZismanIsakovetal.1994,
  author    = {Segev, Y. and Rager-Zisman, B. and Isakov, N. and Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle and ter Meulen, V. and Udem, S. A. and Segal, S. and Wolfson, M.},
  title     = {Reversal of measles virus mediated increase of phosphorylating activity in persistently infected mouse neuroblastoma cells by anti measles antibodies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62362},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SendtnerCarrollHoltmannetal.1994,
  author    = {Sendtner, Michael and Carroll, P. and Holtmann, B and Hughes, R. A. and Thoenen, H.},
  title     = {Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42545},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SendtnerDittrichHughesetal.1994,
  author    = {Sendtner, Michael and Dittrich, F. and Hughes, R. A. and Thoenen, H.},
  title     = {Actions of CNTF and neurotrophins on degenerating motoneurons : preclinical studies and clinical implications},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62939},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Spinal motoneurons innervating skeletal muscle were amongst the first neurons shown to require the presence of their target cells to develop appropriately. Isolated embryonie chick and rat motoneurons have been used to identify neurotrophic factors and cytokines capable of supporting the survival of developing motoneurons. Such factors include ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which is present physiologically in high amounts in myelinating Schwann cells of peripheral nerves, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is synthesized in skeletal muscle and, after peripheral nerve lesion. in Schwann cells. These factors have been further analyzed for their physiological significance in maintaining motoneuron function in vivo, and for their potential therapeutic usefulness in degenerative motoneuron disease. Both CNTF and BDNF are capable of rescuing injured facial motoneurons in newbom rats. Furthermore, CNTF prolongs survival and improves motor function of pmn mice, an animal model for degenerative motoneuron disease, by preventing degeneration of motoneuron axons and somata. Thus treatment of human motoneuron disease with neurotrophic factors should be possible, provided that rational means for application of these factors can be established considering also the appearance of potential side effects.},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SendtnerThoenen1994,
  author    = {Sendtner, Michael and Thoenen, Hans},
  title     = {Oxidative stress and motorneuron disease},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42684},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Transgenic mice carrying mutated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase genes provide insights into the pathogenesis of human motorneuron diseases and may be useful as models in the development and testing of therapies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShephardLutzSchlatter1994,
  author    = {Shephard, S. E. and Lutz, Werner K. and Schlatter, C.},
  title     = {The lacI transgenic mouse mutagenicity assay: quantitative evaluation in comparison to tests for carcinogenicity and cytogenetic damage in vivo},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60638},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The detection Iimit of the lacl transgenic mouse mutagenicity assay lies, in practice, at approximately a 50-100\% increase in mutant frequency in treated animals over controls. The sensitivity of this assay in detecting genotoxins can be markedly improved by subchronic rather than acute application of the test compound. The lac/ transgenic mouse mutagenicity assay was compared quantitatively to rodent carcinogenicity tests and to presently used in vivo mutagenicity assays. With the genotoxic carcinogens tested thus far, a rough correlation between mutagenic potency and carcinogenic potency was observed: on average, to obtain a doubling in lacl mutant frequency the mice bad to be treated with a total dose equal to 50 times the TD50 daily dose Ievel. This total dose could be administered eilher at a high dose rate within a few days or, preferably, at a low dose rate over several weeks. This analysis also indicated that a lacl experiment using a 250-day exposure period would give a detection Iimit approximately equal to that of a long-term carcinogenicity study. In comparison to the micronucleus test or the chromosome aberration assay, acute sturlies with the presently available lacl system offered no increase in sensitivity. However, subchronic lacl sturlies (3-4-month exposure) resulted in an increase in sensitivity over the established tests by 1-2 orders of magnitude (shown with 2-acetylaminofluorene, N-nitrosomethylamine, N-nitrosomethylurea and urethane). 1t is concluded that a positive result in the lacl test can be highly predictive of carcinogenicity butthat a negative result does not provide a large margin of safety.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SiwkaSchwinnBaczkoetal.1994,
  author    = {Siwka, Wieslaw and Schwinn, Andreas and Baczko, Knut and Pardowitz, Iancu and Mhalu, Fred and Shao, John and Rethwilm, Axel and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {vpu and env sequence variability of HIV-1 isolates from Tanzania},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61355},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Sponholz1994,
  author    = {Sponholz, Barbara},
  title     = {Silicate karst associated with lateritic formations (examples from eastern Niger)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-53852},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Silicate and iron crust karst pits and sinkholes in eastern Niger are filled with reworked lateritic sediments or with unconsolidated palaeosoils and aeolian deposits. The fillings facies depend on the environmental conditions during deposition. Geomorphological and sedimentological studies on the karst fillings and the interpretation of various karst/filling associations allow an approach to the chronology of landscape development in eastern Niger plateaus.},
  subject      = {Geographie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Sponholz1994,
  author    = {Sponholz, Barbara},
  title     = {Ph{\´e}nom{\´e}nes karstiques dans les roches siliceuses au Niger oriental},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86833},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Dans le Niger oriental, des ph{\´e}nomenes karstiques sont fr{\´e}quents dans les roches siliceuses: gres, silcretes, cro{\^u}tes ferrugineuses, roches cristallines. A partir des {\´e}tudes g{\´e}omorphologiques et micromorphologiques, on peut conclure a une kartsification, au sense de production de formes par dissolution. Les r{\´e}sultats permettent de dater du Tertiaire inf{\´e}rieur la principale p{\´e}riode de karstification. La r{\´e}partition r{\´e}gionale des formes induites par cette karstification indique une d{\´e}pendance probable des conditions pal{\´e}oclimatiques. Actuellement le karst influe encore sur le d{\´e}veloppement des autres formes de relief.},
  language  = {fr}
}
@article{StaikovaEngelsPeric1994,
  author    = {Staikova, M. and Engels, Bernd and Peric, M.},
  title     = {Ab initio investigation of the hyperfine structure in the 1\(^2\)Π\(_u\)(X\(^2\)A\(_1\), A\(^2\)B\(_1\) system of BH\(_2\))},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59000},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaikovaPericEngelsetal.1994,
  author    = {Staikova, M. and Peric, M. and Engels, Bernd and Peyerimhoff, S. D.},
  title     = {Ab initio Investigation of the Structure of the X\(^2\)A', A\(^2\)A'' (1\(^2\)Π) Spectral System of HCO: Investigation of the Magnetic Hyperfine Effects},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59089},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Results ofan ab initio study ofthe hyperfine structure of the X\(^2\)A', A\(^2\) A" ( 1\(^2 \Pi\)) system ofthe formyl radical are presented. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the interplay between the vibronic and magnetic hyperfine etfects. The results of computations are in very good agreement with the available experimental findings. The values for the hyperfine coupling constants in lower bending Ievels of both electronic species are predicted.},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}