@article{LatifHeoRazuinetal.2013,
  author    = {Latif, Baha and Heo, Chong Chin and Razuin, Rahimi and Shamalaa, Devi V.},
  title     = {Autochthonous Human Schistosomiasis, Malaysia},
  series = {Emerging Infectious Diseases},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Emerging Infectious Diseases},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.3201/eid1908.121710},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131692},
  pages     = {1340-1341},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lauerbach2012,
  author    = {Lauerbach, Monika},
  title     = {Die dorsale Plikationsnaht - eine sichere Methode zur Korrektur von Gef{\"a}ßelongationen im Rahmen der operativen Behandlung von Carotisstenosen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96581},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In Deutschland liegt die Inzidenz f{\"u}r Schlaganf{\"a}lle bei ca. 200.000 pro Jahr1. Cerebrovaskul{\"a}re Erkrankungen stellen hierzulande die dritth{\"a}ufigste Todesursache und zugleich den h{\"a}ufigsten Grund f{\"u}r dauerhafte Behinderungen im Erwachsenenalter dar. Dies verursacht j{\"a}hrlich Kosten von ca. sieben Milliarden Euro f{\"u}r das Gesundheitssystem mit deutlich steigender Tendenz2. Rund 30.000 der cerebralen Insulte pro Jahr sind hierbei auf relevante Carotisstenosen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren8. Um die Rate der carotisassoziierten Schlaganf{\"a}lle zu senken, hat sich die Carotis-TEA als „Goldstandard" in der Prim{\"a}r- und Sekund{\"a}rpr{\"a}vention etabliert55. Entscheidend f{\"u}r den regelrechten postoperativen Blutfluss und ein somit gutes Operationsergebnis ist die solide, gerade Gef{\"a}ßrekonstruktion. H{\"a}ufig findet der Operateur jedoch pr{\"a}- bzw. intraoperativ eine elongierte ACI vor, die es zu korrigieren gilt. Eine f{\"u}r diese Problematik geeignete Korrekturtechnik stellt die DPN dar. In der Fachliteratur wurde diese Methode bereits mehrfach bez{\"u}glich ihrer Effektivit{\"a}t diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Fr{\"u}h-und Sp{\"a}tkomplikationen der konventionellen Carotis-TEA mit der durch eine zus{\"a}tzliche DPN modifizierten Operationstechnik verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der bisher ver{\"o}ffentlichten Untersuchungen in der Fachliteratur erscheinen in diesem Zusammenhang kontrovers, vor allem die langfristige postoperative Rezidivstenoserate betreffend25, 36, 38. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll nun dazu beitragen, Sicherheit und Nutzen der DPN im Rahmen der Carotis-TEA zu evaluieren. Hierf{\"u}r wurden insgesamt 940 prim{\"a}re konventionelle Carotis-TEAs, welche im beobachteten Zeitraum von Januar 1996 bis einschließlich Dezember 2006 am Universit{\"a}tsklinikum W{\"u}rzburg durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden, untersucht. F{\"u}r die retrospektive Studie wurde das Patientenkollektiv in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der angewandten Operationstechnik in zwei Gruppen unterteilt. Gruppe 1 (759 Eingriffe) umfasst die konventionellen Carotis-TEAs ohne K{\"u}rzung des Gef{\"a}ßes und unter Gruppe 2 (181 Eingriffe) fallen die Operationen, bei denen zus{\"a}tzlich zur konventionellen TEA eine DPN durchgef{\"u}hrt wurde. Dies entspricht einer DPN-Rate von 19,3\%. Das mittlere Gesamt-Follow-Up betrug 59 Monate. Zielkriterien der Studie waren zum einen die peri- und postoperativen Fr{\"u}hkomplikationen, zum anderen die Langzeitergebnisse {\"U}berlebenszeit, Schlaganfallfreiheit und Rezidivstenoserate nach der Operation. Die Auswertung der gesammelten Daten zeigte f{\"u}r die genannten Zielkriterien keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Vergleichsgruppen. Somit beweist die vorliegende Arbeit, dass die DPN eine sicheres Verfahren ist, Gef{\"a}ßelongationen zu korrigieren. Verglichen mit der konventionellen Carotis-TEA f{\"u}hrt sie nicht zu einem Anstieg an perioperativen Komplikationen oder Langzeitkomplikationen, v.a. f{\"u}hrt sie nicht zu einer erh{\"o}hten Rezidivstenoserate. Eine Risikoreduktion f{\"u}r thrombembolische Ereignisse durch die DPN l{\"a}sst sich mit dieser Arbeit nicht beweisen. Dies w{\"a}re letztlich nur mit der Durchf{\"u}hrung einer prospektiv-randomisierten Studie m{\"o}glich. Eine operative Korrekturmethode einer Carotis-Elongation geh{\"o}rt in das Repertoire eines jeden Gef{\"a}ßchirurgen. Hierbei hat sich in unserer Hand die DPN als geeignetes und sicheres Verfahren erwiesen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LendersWeidemannKurschatetal.2016,
  author    = {Lenders, Malte and Weidemann, Frank and Kurschat, Christine and Canaan-K{\"u}hl, Sima and Duning, Thomas and Stypmann, J{\"o}rg and Schmitz, Boris and Reiermann, Stefanie and Kr{\"a}mer, Johannes and Blaschke, Daniela and Wanner, Christoph and Brand, Stefan-Martin and Brand, Eva},
  title     = {Alpha-Galactosidase A p.A143T, a non-Fabry disease-causing variant},
  series = {Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases},
  number    = {54},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13023-016-0441-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166559},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked multisystemic disorder with a heterogeneous phenotype. Especially atypical or late-onset type 2 phenotypes present a therapeutical dilemma. Methods To determine the clinical impact of the alpha-Galactosidase A (GLA) p.A143T/ c.427G > A variation, we retrospectively analyzed 25 p.A143T patients in comparison to 58 FD patients with other missense mutations. Results p.A143T patients suffering from stroke/ transient ischemic attacks had slightly decreased residual GLA activities, and/or increased lyso-Gb3 levels, suspecting FD. However, most male p.A143T patients presented with significant residual GLA activity (~50 \% of reference), which was associated with normal lyso-Gb3 levels. Additionally, p.A143T patients showed less severe FD-typical symptoms and absent FD-typical renal and cardiac involvement in comparison to FD patients with other missense mutations. Two tested female p.A143T patients with stroke/TIA did not show skewed X chromosome inactivation. No accumulation of neurologic events in family members of p.A143T patients with stroke/transient ischemic attacks was observed. Conclusions We conclude that GLA p.A143T seems to be most likely a neutral variant or a possible modifier instead of a disease-causing mutation. Therefore, we suggest that p.A143T patients with stroke/transient ischemic attacks of unknown etiology should be further evaluated, since the diagnosis of FD is not probable and subsequent ERT or chaperone treatment should not be an unreflected option.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lennartz2018,
  author    = {Lennartz, Simon},
  title     = {Tissue Engineering der menschlichen Speicheldr{\"u}se unter Verwendung von Epithel- und mikrovaskul{\"a}ren Endothelzellen auf einer Matrix aus dezellularisiertem Schweinedarm},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164116},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Eine ausgepr{\"a}gte Mundtrockenheit, Xerostomie, entsteht h{\"a}ufig durch eine irreversible Funktionseinschr{\"a}nkung der Speicheldr{\"u}sen. Diese ist unter anderem durch die Einnahme bestimmter Medikamente, Autoimmunerkrankungen, fortgeschrittenes Alter oder die Bestrahlungstherapie von Tumoren der Kopf-Hals-Region bedingt, wobei letztere eine der h{\"a}ufigsten Ursachen darstellt. Konsequenzen der eingeschr{\"a}nkten Dr{\"u}senfunktion sind herabgesetzte Speichelflussraten, eine Reduktion des Mund-pH-Werts, eine ver{\"a}nderte Elektrolyt- und Immunglobulin-Zusammensetzung des Speichels und somit eine Verringerung des Infektionsschutzes. Die resultierenden Komplikationen erstrecken sich von Karies und rezidivierenden Infektionen bis hin zu Pilzbesiedelungen der Mundschleimhaut. Diese schr{\"a}nken die Lebensqualit{\"a}t der Patienten stark ein und f{\"u}hren h{\"a}ufig zu Therapieunterbrechungen. Fast die H{\"a}lfte der Patienten leidet unter Depressionen oder psychischen Belastungszust{\"a}nden. Es gibt wenige Therapieans{\"a}tze zur Behandlung der postradiogenen Xerostomie: Pilocarpin erh{\"o}ht zwar die Speichelflussraten, hat jedoch keinen signifikanten Effekt auf die Lebensqualit{\"a}t. Die operative Translokation der Glandula submandibularis hat den Weg in die klinische Routine noch nicht gefunden, w{\"a}hrend die intensit{\"a}tsmodulierte Bestrahlung (IMRT) nicht f{\"u}r jeden Patienten geeignet ist; beide zeigen jedoch einen positiven Effekt auf die Lebensqualit{\"a}t. Gentechnische und stammzellbasierte Ans{\"a}tze zur Regeneration des Dr{\"u}sengewebes befinden sich im Experimentalstadium. Somit ergibt sich ein dringender Bedarf an innovativen Optionen zur Behandlung der postradiogenen Xerostomie. Das Tissue Engineering, die Erstellung einer k{\"u}nstlichen Speicheldr{\"u}se aus k{\"o}rpereigenen Zellen, b{\"o}te hier ein potentielles Behandlungskonzept. Diese Studie soll deshalb untersuchen, ob humane Speicheldr{\"u}senepithelzellen (hSEZ) auf einer Matrix aus dezellularisiertem, porzinem Jejunum, der sogenannten Small intestinal submucosa + mucosa (SIS-muc), kultiviert werden k{\"o}nnen. K{\"o}nnen die Zellen innerhalb der Wachstumsperiode wichtige physiologische Differenzierungsmarker beibehalten? Kann die Produktion von α-Amylase, einem der wichtigsten Enzyme des menschlichen Speichels, erhalten werden? Welchen Einfluss hat die Kokultur mit mikrovaskul{\"a}ren Endothelzellen (mvEZ)? Und zuletzt: Ist dezellularisierter Schweinedarm eine potentiell geeignete Matrix f{\"u}r das Tissue Engineering der menschlichen Speicheldr{\"u}se? Zun{\"a}chst erfolgte die Entnahme von humanem Speicheldr{\"u}sengewebe, woraus hSEZ isoliert wurden. Diese wurden dann sowohl in Mono- als auch in Kokultur mit mvEZ auf die SIS-muc aufgebracht und auf dieser kultiviert. Die SIS-muc wurde aus kurzen Schweinedarm-Segmenten gewonnen, die in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren dezellularisiert wurden. Die besiedelte SIS-muc wurde mittels konventioneller sowie Immunfluoreszenzf{\"a}rbungen, Raster- und Transmissionsektronenmikroskopie (REM/TEM) sowie quantitativer Polymerasekettenreaktion (qPCR) untersucht, dar{\"u}ber hinaus erfolgte die Messung der α-Amylase-Enzymaktivit{\"a}t. Histologisch sowie in der REM zeigte sich sowohl in der Mono- als auch in der Kokultur eine konfluente Besiedelung der SIS-muc mit hSEZ. In der Kokultur formten mvEZ einen Monolayer auf der serosalen Matrixseite. Bei der Charakterisierung der hSEZ zeigte sich in den Immunfluoreszenzaufnahmen eine starke Auspr{\"a}gung von Zytokeratin, α-Amylase und Aquaporin-5 und eine moderate Auspr{\"a}gung von Claudin-1. Bei der Untersuchung der Funktion der α-Amylase konnte in der Kokultur von hSEZ mit mvEZ eine im Gegensatz zur Mono- und 2D-Kultur signifikant erh{\"o}hte Enzymaktivit{\"a}t der α-Amylase nachgewiesen werden. In der qPCR-Analyse der α-Amylase-Genexpression war die 3D-Kultur der 2D-Kultur {\"u}berlegen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass die Kultur von hSEZ auf der SIS-muc m{\"o}glich ist. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Zellen in 3D-Kultur spezifische Differenzierungsmerkmale beibehalten, die in der 2D-Kultur teils verloren gehen und dass hSEZ in Kokultur mit mvEZ eine gegen{\"u}ber der Monokultur signifikant erh{\"o}hte Produktion von α-Amylase aufweisen. Diese Arbeit liefert die Datengrundlage f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Studien im dynamischen Bioreaktor-Modell (BioVaSc), die auf dem Weg zur klinischen Translation notwendig sind. Somit stellt sie einen wichtigen Schritt in Richtung einer auf Tissue Engineering basierten Therapie der belastenden Xerostomie dar.},
  subject      = {Tissue Engineering},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Liang2021,
  author    = {Liang, Raimunde},
  title     = {Identification of new drug targets in adrenocortical carcinoma through targeted mRNA analysis},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23554},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235545},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are aggressive tumors associated with a heterogeneous but generally poor prognosis and limited treatment options for advanced stages. Despite promising molecular insights and improved understanding of ACC biology, efficient targeted therapies have not been identified yet. Thus, this study aims to identify potential new drug targets for a future personalized therapeutic approach. RNA was isolated from 104 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from ACC patients, 40 of those 104 cases proved to be suitable for further mRNA analyses according to the quality check of the extracted RNA. Gene expression of 84 known cancer drug targets was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR using 5 normal adrenal glands as reference. Protein expression was investigated for selected candidate drug targets by immunohistochemistry in 104 ACC samples, 11 adenomas and 6 normal adrenal glands. Efficacy of an available inhibitor of the most promising candidate was tested by functional in vitro experiments in two ACC cell lines (NCI-H295R and MUC1) alone or in combination with other drugs. Most frequently overexpressed genes were TOP2A, IGF2, CDK1, CDK4, PLK4 and PLK1. Nuclear immunostaining of CDK1, CDK4 and PLK1 significantly correlated with the respective mRNA expression. CDK4 was chosen as the most promising candidate for functional validation as it is actionable by FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors. ACC samples with copy number gains at CDK4 locus presented significantly higher CDK4 expression levels. The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib showed a concentration- and time- dependent reduction of cell viability in vitro, which was more pronounced in NCI-H295R than in MUC1 cells. This was in line with higher CDK4 expression at western blot analysis in NCI-H295R cells. Furthermore, palbociclib was applied in combination with dual IGFR/IR inhibitor linsitinib showing a synergistic effect on reducing cell viability. In conclusion, this proof-of-principle study confirmed RNA profiling to be useful to discover potential drug targets. Detected drug targets are suitable to be investigated by immunohistochemistry in the clinical setting. Moreover, CDK4/6 inhibitors are promising candidates for treatment of a subset of patients with tumors presenting CDK4 copy number gains and/or overexpression, while linsitinib might be an interesting combination partner in patients with both IGF2 and IGF1R overexpression. These results are intended as a basis for a validation study in a prospective cohort, further evaluation in vivo in suitable mouse models or testing in patients with ACC in clinical trials are needed and might improve the future management of patients with ACC in terms of precision medicine.},
  subject      = {Adrenokortikales Karzinom},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Liedl2024,
  author    = {Liedl, Eva-Kristina},
  title     = {Auswirkung der hochenergetischen, fokussierten extrakorporalen Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) auf Knochenheilungsst{\"o}rungen an Unterarm und Hand},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-34683},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-346839},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Die ESWT ist eine nichtoperative Option, kann aber auch erg{\"a}nzend zur operativen Therapie zur Behandlung von verz{\"o}gerter (Knochen-)Heilung (VH) und Pseudarthrosen (PA) eingesetzt werden. Ihre Wertigkeit sowie beeinflussende Faktoren wurden an der oberen Extremit{\"a}t bisher nicht ausreichend quantifiziert. Sechzig Patienten wurden retrospektiv nach Anwendung einer ESWT hinsichtlich Ausheilungsrate und Konsolidierungszeit untersucht. Bei 70 \% der Patienten kam es zur Ausheilung. Das Durchschnittsalter der Geheilten und Nichtgeheilten unterschied sich nicht signifikant. Das Rauchverhalten und die Zeit zwischen Trauma/OP und ESWT war bei Geheilten und Nichtgeheilten ohne signifikanten Unterschied. Die Ausheilungsrate war am h{\"o}chsten an Mittelhandknochen/Finger/Daumen (91 \%), gefolgt von Unterarmschaft (88 \%), Epi-/Metaphyse des Unterarms (67 \%) und zuletzt Handwurzelknochen (59 \%). Nach konservativer Vorbehandlung heilten 55 \%, bei > 2 Voroperationen 67 \%, ohne Vorbehandlung 73 \% und nach 1 Voroperation 75 \%. Die weitere Analyse hinsichtlich der operativen Vorversorgung ergab nach alleiniger ORIF 85 \%, ohne Voroperation 64 \% und nach ORIF mit Knochenanfrischung/-transplantation 57 \% Heilungsrate. Bei intraoperativer ESWT kombiniert mit Knochendebridement/-transplantation + ORIF heilten 67 \%, kombiniert mit einer alleinigen ORIF 86 \%. Bei alleiniger ESWT oder mit nur minimalen Maßnahmen konsolidierten 70 \%. Die ESWT ist in jedem Stadium der Knochenheilungsst{\"o}rung gleich wirksam. Die Prinzipien von Stabilit{\"a}t und Auff{\"u}llung bei vorhandenen Knochendefekten m{\"u}ssen auch bei der Anwendung der ESWT ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden, dann wirkt die ESWT alleinig oder kombiniert mit einer Operation gleichermaßen. Der negative Einfluss von Knochendefekten/-resorption ist auch mit ESWT noch nachweisbar. Ebenso ist die Behandlung des Kahnbeins problematischer als {\"u}brige Lokalisationen. Eine vorangegangene Operation stellt keinen negativen Faktor dar, auch wenn Fremdmaterial einliegt.},
  subject      = {Pseudarthrose},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LopezMielichSuessSchneider2013,
  author    = {Lopez, Daniel and Mielich-S{\"u}ss, Benjamin and Schneider, Johannes},
  title     = {Overproduction of Flotillin Influences Cell Differentiation and Shape in Bacillus subtilis},
  doi       = {10.1128/mBio.00719-13},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111369},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Bacteria organize many membrane-related signaling processes in functional microdomains that are structurally and functionally similar to the lipid rafts of eukaryotic cells. An important structural component of these microdomains is the protein flotillin, which seems to act as a chaperone in recruiting other proteins to lipid rafts to facilitate their interaction. In eukaryotic cells, the occurrence of severe diseases is often observed in combination with an overproduction of flotillin, but a functional link between these two phenomena is yet to be demonstrated. In this work, we used the bacterial model Bacillus subtilis as a tractable system to study the physiological alterations that occur in cells that overproduce flotillin. We discovered that an excess of flotillin altered specific signal transduction pathways that are associated with the membrane microdomains of bacteria. As a consequence of this, we detected significant defects in cell division and cell differentiation. These physiological alterations were in part caused by an unusual stabilization of the raft-associated protease FtsH. This report opens the possibility of using bacteria as a working model to better understand fundamental questions related to the functionality of lipid rafts. IMPORTANCE The identification of signaling platforms in the membrane of bacteria that are functionally and structurally equivalent to eukaryotic lipid rafts reveals a level of sophistication in signal transduction and membrane organization unexpected in bacteria. It opens new and promising venues to address intricate questions related to the functionality of lipid rafts by using bacteria as a more tractable system. This is the first report that uses bacteria as a working model to investigate a fundamental question that was previously raised while studying the role of eukaryotic lipid rafts. It also provides evidence of the critical role of these signaling platforms in orchestrating diverse physiological processes in prokaryotic cells.},
  subject      = {Heubacillus},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MandelHoernleinIflandetal.2011,
  author    = {Mandel, Alexander and H{\"o}rnlein, Alexander and Ifland, Marianus and L{\"u}neburg, Edeltraud and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Puppe, Frank},
  title     = {Aufwandsanalyse f{\"u}r computerunterst{\"u}tzte Multiple-Choice Papierklausuren},
  series = {GMS Journal for Medical Education},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {GMS Journal for Medical Education},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.3205/zma000767},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134386},
  pages     = {1-15, Doc55},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Multiple-choice-examinations are still fundamental for assessment in medical degree programs. In addition to content related research, the optimization of the technical procedure is an important question. Medical examiners face three options: paper-based examinations with or without computer support or completely electronic examinations. Critical aspects are the effort for formatting, the logistic effort during the actual examination, quality, promptness and effort of the correction, the time for making the documents available for inspection by the students, and the statistical analysis of the examination results. Methods: Since three semesters a computer program for input and formatting of MC-questions in medical and other paper-based examinations is used and continuously improved at Wuerzburg University. In the winter semester (WS) 2009/10 eleven, in the summer semester (SS) 2010 twelve and in WS 2010/11 thirteen medical examinations were accomplished with the program and automatically evaluated. For the last two semesters the remaining manual workload was recorded. Results: The cost of the formatting and the subsequent analysis including adjustments of the analysis of an average examination with about 140 participants and about 35 questions was 5-7 hours for exams without complications in the winter semester 2009/2010, about 2 hours in SS 2010 and about 1.5 hours in the winter semester 2010/11. Including exams with complications, the average time was about 3 hours per exam in SS 2010 and 2.67 hours for the WS 10/11. Discussion: For conventional multiple-choice exams the computer-based formatting and evaluation of paper-based exams offers a significant time reduction for lecturers in comparison with the manual correction of paper-based exams and compared to purely electronically conducted exams it needs a much simpler technological infrastructure and fewer staff during the exam."},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MartinSchlosserFurtwaengleretal.2021,
  author    = {Mart{\´i}n, Ovidio Jim{\´e}nez and Schlosser, Andreas and Furtw{\"a}ngler, Rhoikos and Wegert, Jenny and Gessler, Manfred},
  title     = {MYCN and MAX alterations in Wilms tumor and identification of novel N-MYC interaction partners as biomarker candidates},
  series = {Cancer Cell International},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Cancer Cell International},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12935-021-02259-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265542},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal tumor in childhood. Among others, MYCN copy number gain and MYCN P44L and MAX R60Q mutations have been identified in WT. MYCN encodes a transcription factor that requires dimerization with MAX to activate transcription of numerous target genes. MYCN gain has been associated with adverse prognosis in different childhood tumors including WT. The MYCN P44L and MAX R60Q mutations, located in either the transactivating or basic helix-loop-helix domain, respectively, are predicted to be damaging by different pathogenicity prediction tools, but the functional consequences remain to be characterized. Methods We screened a large cohort of unselected WTs for MYCN and MAX alterations. Wild-type and mutant protein function were characterized biochemically, and we analyzed the N-MYC protein interactome by mass spectrometric analysis of N-MYC containing protein complexes. Results Mutation screening revealed mutation frequencies of 3\% for MYCN P44L and 0.9\% for MAX R60Q that are associated with a higher risk of relapse. Biochemical characterization identified a reduced transcriptional activation potential for MAX R60Q, while the MYCN P44L mutation did not change activation potential or protein stability. The protein interactome of N-MYC-P44L was likewise not altered as shown by mass spectrometric analyses of purified N-MYC complexes. Nevertheless, we could identify a number of novel N-MYC partner proteins, e.g. PEG10, YEATS2, FOXK1, CBLL1 and MCRS1, whose expression is correlated with MYCN in WT samples and several of these are known for their own oncogenic potential. Conclusions The strongly elevated risk of relapse associated with mutant MYCN and MAX or elevated MYCN expression corroborates their role in WT oncogenesis. Together with the newly identified co-expressed interactors they expand the range of potential biomarkers for WT stratification and targeting, especially for high-risk WT.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeierKruseButtlaretal.2016,
  author    = {Meier, Doreen and Kruse, Janis and Buttlar, Jann and Friedrich, Michael and Zenk, Fides and Boesler, Benjamin and Forstner, Konrad U. and Hammann, Christian and Nellen, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Analysis of the Microprocessor in Dictyostelium: The Role of RbdB, a dsRNA Binding Protein},
  series = {PLoS Genetics},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS Genetics},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1006057},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166687},
  pages     = {e1006057},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {We identified the dsRNA binding protein RbdB as an essential component in miRNA processing in Dictyostelium discoideum. RbdB is a nuclear protein that accumulates, together with Dicer B, in nucleolar foci reminiscent of plant dicing bodies. Disruption of rbdB results in loss of miRNAs and accumulation of primary miRNAs. The phenotype can be rescued by ectopic expression of RbdB thus allowing for a detailed analysis of domain function. The lack of cytoplasmic dsRBD proteins involved in miRNA processing, suggests that both processing steps take place in the nucleus thus resembling the plant pathway. However, we also find features e.g. in the domain structure of Dicer which suggest similarities to animals. Reduction of miRNAs in the rbdB- strain and their increase in the Argonaute A knock out allowed the definition of new miRNAs one of which appears to belong to a new non-canonical class.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MichauxHansenJennichesetal.2020,
  author    = {Michaux, Charlotte and Hansen, Elisabeth E. and Jenniches, Laura and Gerovac, Milan and Barquist, Lars and Vogel, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Single-Nucleotide RNA Maps for the Two Major Nosocomial Pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium},
  series = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  issn      = {2235-2988},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcimb.2020.600325},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217947},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Enterococcus faecalis and faecium are two major representative clinical strains of the Enterococcus genus and are sadly notorious to be part of the top agents responsible for nosocomial infections. Despite their critical implication in worldwide public healthcare, essential and available resources such as deep transcriptome annotations remain poor, which also limits our understanding of post-transcriptional control small regulatory RNA (sRNA) functions in these bacteria. Here, using the dRNA-seq technique in combination with ANNOgesic analysis, we successfully mapped and annotated transcription start sites (TSS) of both E. faecalis V583 and E. faecium AUS0004 at single nucleotide resolution. Analyzing bacteria in late exponential phase, we capture ~40\% (E. faecalis) and 43\% (E. faecium) of the annotated protein-coding genes, determine 5′ and 3′ UTR (untranslated region) length, and detect instances of leaderless mRNAs. The transcriptome maps revealed sRNA candidates in both bacteria, some found in previous studies and new ones. Expression of candidate sRNAs is being confirmed under biologically relevant environmental conditions. This comprehensive global TSS mapping atlas provides a valuable resource for RNA biology and gene expression analysis in the Enterococci. It can be accessed online at www.helmholtz-hiri.de/en/datasets/enterococcus through an instance of the genomic viewer JBrowse.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{MielichSuess2018,
  author    = {Mielich-S{\"u}ß, Benjamin},
  title     = {Elucidating structural and functional aspects of prokaryotic membrane microdomains},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-162037},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Bacterial functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) are membrane platforms that resemble lipid rafts of eukaryotic cells in certain functional and structural aspects. Lipid rafts are nanometer-sized, dynamic clusters of proteins and lipids in eukaryotic cell membranes that serve as signaling hubs and assembling platforms. Yet, studying these structures can often be hampered by the complexity of a eukaryotic cell. Thus, the analogous structures of prokaryotes are an attractive model to study molecular traits of this type of membrane organization. Similar to eukaryotic lipid rafts, the bacterial FMMs are comprised of polyisoprenoid lipids, scaffold proteins and a distinct set of membrane proteins, involved in signaling or secretion. Investigating bacterial FMMs not only contributes to the understanding of the physiological importance of FMMs in bacteria, but also helps to elucidate general principles of rafts beyond prokaryotes. In this work, a bacterial model organism was used to investigate effects of synthetic overproduction of the raft scaffolding proteins on bacterial physiology. This overexpression causes an unusual stabilization of the FMM-harbored protease FtsH and therefore the proteolytic targets of FtsH are not correctly regulated. Developmental defects and aberrances in shape are the consequence, which in turn negatively affects cell physiology. These findings may be adapted to better understand lipid raft processes in humans, where flotillin upregulation is detected along with development of neurological diseases. Moreover, it was aimed at understanding the FMM-proteome of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. An in-depth quantitative mass-spectrometry analysis reveals adaption of the protein cargo during different conditions, while maintaining a distinct set of core FMM proteins. As a case study, the assembly of the type VII secretion system was shown to be dependent on FMM integrity and more specifically on the activity of the FMM-scaffold flotillin. This secretion system is important for the virulence of this pathogen and its secretion efficiency can be targeted by small molecules that inhibit flotillin activity. This opens new venues for non-conventional antimicrobial compounds to treat staphylococcal infections.},
  subject      = {Staphylococcus aureus},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{MikaGospodorz2022,
  author    = {Mika-Gospodorz, Bozena},
  title     = {Development and application of bioinformatics tools for analysis of dual RNA-seq experiments},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-28126},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281264},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Dual RNA-seq captures both host and pathogen transcriptomes at the site of infection, facilitating an exploration of processes that play an essential role in pathogenesis and the host defense. This work presents an application of this technique to explore processes occurring during the infection of the human endothelial cells with two clinical isolates of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) — the causative agent of scrub typhus. Combining comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, we investigated the transcriptional architecture of Ot and identified non-coding RNAs, operon structures, and widespread antisense transcription, that may have a role in regulation of repetitive genes that are abundant in the Ot genome. In addition, the comparative analysis of bacterial and eukaryotic transcriptomes allowed us to investigate factors that drive the difference in virulence between Karp and UT176 and the host response to these two Ot strains. The host and pathogen transcriptional profiles in each dual RNA-seq study are obtained in‑silico by adopting tools developed for RNA-seq data analysis. The Dualrnaseq pipeline presented in the second part of this work is the first publicly available, highly reproducible, scalable, and user‑friendly workflow developed for processing dual RNA‑seq data of any eukaryotic and bacterial organisms with a reference genome and annotation. It provides three mapping and quantification strategies: (i) alignment-based mapping of reads onto the chimeric genome with STAR followed by counting of uniquely mapped reads with HTSeq; (ii) a fast transcriptome quantification method handling multi‑mapped reads (Salmon with Selective Alignment); (iii) and Salmon alignment-based mode which uses a STAR‑derived alignment combined with Salmon quantification. Performing an initial benchmark analysis of the employed methods we provided recommendations ensuring accurate estimation of host and pathogen transcript expression.},
  subject      = {Transkriptomanalyse},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mohammadi2019,
  author    = {Mohammadi, Milad},
  title     = {Role of oxidized phospholipids in inflammatory pain},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-19240},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192402},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Introduction: During inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as Hydrogen peroxide accumulate at the inflammation site and by oxidizing lipids, they produce metabolites such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs). Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are ligand gated ion channels that are expressed on nociceptors and their activation elicits pain. Hydrogen peroxide and 4-HNE are endogenous ligands for TRPA1 and their role in inflammatory pain conditions has been shown. OxPLs play a major pro-inflammatory role in many pathologies including atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. E06/T15 is a mouse IgM mAb that specifically binds oxidized phosphatidylcholine. D-4F is an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide with a very high affinity for OxPLs and possess anti-inflammatory properties. E06 mAb and D-4F peptide protect against OxPLs-induced damage in atherosclerosis in vivo. Methods: To investigate the role of ROS and their metabolites in inflammatory pain, I utilized a combination of diverse and complex behavioral pain measurements and binding assays. I examined E06 mAb and D-4F as local treatment options for hypersensitivity evoked by endogenous and exogenous activators of TRPA1 and TRPV1 as well as in inflammatory and OxPL-induced pain models in vivo. 4-HNE, hydrogen peroxide as ROS source and mustard oil (AITC) were used to activate TRPA1, while capsaicin was used to activate TRPV1. Results: Intraplantar injection of oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) into rats' hind paw elicited thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. Genetic and pharmacological evidence in vivo confirmed the role of TRPA1 in OxPLs-induced hypersensitivity. OxPLs formation increased in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflamed rats' paw. E06 mAb and D-4F prevented OxPAPC-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia) as well as CFA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Also, all irritants induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity as well as affective-emotional responses and spontaneous nocifensive behaviors. E06 mAb blocked prolonged mechanical hypersensitivity by all but hydrogen peroxide. In parallel, D-4F prevented mechanical hypersensitivity induced by all irritants as well as thermal hypersensitivity induced by capsaicin and 4-HNE. In addition, competitive binding assays showed that all TRPA1/V1 agonists induced prolonged formation of OxPLs in the paw tissue explaining the anti-nociceptive properties of E06 mAb and D-4F. Finally, the potential of gait analysis as a readout for non-provoked pain behavioral measurements were examined. Conclusion and implications: OxPLs were characterized as novel targets in inflammatory pain. Treatment with the monoclonal antibody E06 or apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide D-4F are suggested as potential inflammatory pain medications. OxPLs' role in neuropathic pain is yet to be investigated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MouraoMirandaHardoonHahnetal.2011,
  author    = {Mour{\~a}o-Miranda, Janaina and Hardoon, David R. and Hahn, Tim and Marquand, Andre F. and Williams, Steve C.R. and Shawe-Taylor, John and Brammer, Michael},
  title     = {Patient classification as an outlier detection problem: An application of the One-Class Support Vector Machine},
  series = {NeuroImage},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {NeuroImage},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.042},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141412},
  pages     = {793-804},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Pattern recognition approaches, such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM), have been successfully used to classify groups of individuals based on their patterns of brain activity or structure. However these approaches focus on finding group differences and are not applicable to situations where one is interested in accessing deviations from a specific class or population. In the present work we propose an application of the one-class SVM (OC-SVM) to investigate if patterns of fMRI response to sad facial expressions in depressed patients would be classified as outliers in relation to patterns of healthy control subjects. We defined features based on whole brain voxels and anatomical regions. In both cases we found a significant correlation between the OC-SVM predictions and the patients' Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), i.e. the more depressed the patients were the more of an outlier they were. In addition the OC-SVM split the patient groups into two subgroups whose membership was associated with future response to treatment. When applied to region-based features the OC-SVM classified 52\% of patients as outliers. However among the patients classified as outliers 70\% did not respond to treatment and among those classified as non-outliers 89\% responded to treatment. In addition 89\% of the healthy controls were classified as non-outliers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerStoetterKalluvyaetal.2015,
  author    = {Mueller, A. and Stoetter, L. and Kalluvya, S. and Stich, A. and Majinge, C. and Weissbrich, B. and Kasang, C.},
  title     = {Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania},
  series = {BMC Infectious Diseases},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {BMC Infectious Diseases},
  number    = {386},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12879-015-1129-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141786},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background: Sub-Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting HBV infection through their occupation. Vaccination of HCWs against HBV is standard practice in many countries, but is often not implemented in resource-poor settings. We aimed with this cross-sectional study to determine HBV prevalence, HCW vaccination status, and the risk factors for HCWs contracting HBV infection in Tanzania. Methods: We enrolled 600 HCWs from a tertiary Tanzanian hospital. Their demographics, medical histories, HBV vaccination details and risk factors for contracting blood-borne infections were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers by ELISA techniques, PCR and an anti-HBs rapid test. HCWs were divided in two subgroups: those at risk of contracting HBV (rHCW 79.2 \%) via exposure to potentially infectious materials, and those considered not at risk of contracting HBV (nrHCW, 20.8 \%). Results: The overall prevalence of chronic HBV infection (HBsAg+, anti-HBc+, anti-HBs-) was 7.0 \% (42/598). Chronic HBV infection was found in 7.4 \% of rHCW versus 5.6 \% of nrHCW(p-value = 0.484). HCWs susceptible to HBV (HBsAg-, anti-HBc-, anti-HBs-) comprised 31.3 \%. HBV immunity achieved either by healed HBV infection (HBsAg-, anti-HBc+, anti-HBs+) or by vaccination (HBsAg-, anti-HBc-, anti-HBs+) comprised 36.5 \% and 20.2 \%, respectively. 4.8 \% of participants had indeterminate results (HBsAg-, anti-HBc+, anti-HBc-IgM-, anti-HBs-). Only 77.1 \% of HCWs who received a full vaccination course had an anti-HBs titer > 10 ml/U. An anti-HBs point-of-care test was 80.7 \% sensitive and 96.9 \% specific. There was a significantly higher risk for contracting HBV (anti-HBc+) among those HCW at occupational risk (rHCW) of older age (odds ratios (OR) in rHCW 3.297, p < 0.0001 vs. nrHCW 1.385, p = 0.606) and among those HCW being employed more than 11 years (OR 2.51, p < 0.0001***). HCV prevalence was low (HCV antibodies 1.2 \% and HCV-RNA 0.3 \%). Conclusions: Chronic HBV infection is common among Tanzanian HCWs. One third of HCWs were susceptible to HBV infection, highlighting the need for vaccination. Due to high prevalence of naturally acquired immunity against HBV pre-testing might be a useful tool to identify susceptible individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mueller2020,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Sophie},
  title     = {Retrospektive Datenauswertung des Tumorregisters W{\"u}rzburg im Zeitraum 2005 - 2013 bei Patienten mit Nicht-Kleinzelligem-Bronchialkarzinom (NSCLC) mit besonderer Betrachtung der Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor-Therapie bei EGFR-Mutation},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-20277},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202776},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Das Bronchialkarzinom ist die h{\"a}ufigste Krebstodesursache unter M{\"a}nnern in Deutschland. Bei Frauen liegt es auf dem zweiten Platz, allerdings besteht aktuell eine Tendenz das Mammakarzinom zu {\"u}berholen. 2014 erkrankten in Deutschland 53.840 Menschen an Lungenkrebs. Auf Grund der demographischen Entwicklung und der zunehmenden Inzidenz wird mit einem weiteren Anstieg der Neuerkrankungsraten in den n{\"a}chsten Jahren gerechnet. Da es aktuell keine wirksamen Screening Programme gibt und der Großteil der Erkrankungen erst in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium entdeckt wird, nimmt auch die Bedeutung an individualisierten palliativen Therapien weiter zu. In der vorliegenden Auswertung wurde untersucht, ob sich bei Patienten mit einem fortgeschrittenen Bronchialkarzinom und einer aktivierenden EGFR-Mutation unter einer TKI-Therapie ein {\"U}berlebensvorteil gegen{\"u}ber einer konventionellen platinbasierten Chemotherapie zeigt. Die Daten hierf{\"u}r wurden retrospektiv aus dem Tumorregister des CCC-MF gewonnen, um eine Untersuchung unter „real life" Bedingungen zu erm{\"o}glichen. Grundlage der Auswertung bildeten Patienten, die von 2005 bis 2013 an einem Bronchialkarzinom erkrankten und am UKW behandelt wurden. Das Follow-up wurde am 31.05.2016 beendet. Insgesamt wurden 1154 F{\"a}lle gefunden, von denen 898 an einem NSCLC litten. Die weiteren Auswertungen haben sich auf das NSCLC-Kollektiv beschr{\"a}nkt. Aus der Datenbank des Tumorregisters, der Datenbank der Pathologie des UKW sowie mit Hilfe des Patientendokumentationsprogrammes SAP wurden folgenden Parameter erhoben: Geschlecht, Alter bei Diagnose, Diagnosejahr, Tumorstadium, Histologie, EGFR-Mutationsstatus, ECOG, Art der Therapien, TKI-Therapie Zweitmalignome, Metastasenlokalisationen sowie das Gesamt{\"u}berleben und ggf. der Todeszeitpunkt. Nach ausf{\"u}hrlichen Recherchen konnten die meisten Parameter vollst{\"a}ndig ermittelt werden. Lediglich beim EGFR-Mutationsstatus bestand die Limitation, dass nicht alle Patienten eine Mutationsanalyse erhalten hatten. Aus diesem Grund gibt es f{\"u}r einige Patienten eine unbekannte EGFR-Situation. 50 Vergleicht man die deskriptiven Ergebnisse mit Angaben aus der Literatur, konnte eine repr{\"a}sentative Verteilung der Patientenmerkmale ermittelt werden, sodass eine Relevanz der Ergebnisse angenommen werden kann. Die Geschlechterverteilung im NSCLC-Kollektiv war 65,8 \% M{\"a}nner und 34,2 \% Frauen. Das durchschnittliche Erkrankungsalter lag f{\"u}r M{\"a}nner bei 66,2 Jahren und f{\"u}r Frauen bei 64,1 Jahren. Mit {\"u}ber 50 \% fand sich bei den histologischen Typen vor allem das Adenokarzinom vor. Plattenepithelkarzinome hatten einen Anteil von 24,4 \%. Wie aus der Literatur bekannt, befand sich ein Großteil der Patienten bei Diagnosestellung bereits in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Das UICC-Stadium IV machte dabei 48,8 \% und das UICC-Stadium IIIB 11,0 \% des Gesamtkollektivs aus. 178 Patienten erhielten im Laufe des Beobachtungszeitraumes eine Therapie mit einem TKI. Darunter befanden sich, {\"u}ber alle Stadien hinweg, 26 Patienten mit einer positiven EGFR-Mutation. Insgesamt trat die EGFR-Mutation zum Großteil unter Adenokarzinom-Histologie auf. Frauen hatten signifikant h{\"a}ufiger einen positiven EGFR-Mutationsnachweis als M{\"a}nner. Das mediane {\"U}berleben betrug f{\"u}r alle 898 Patienten 16,9 Monate. Getrennt nach Geschlechtern hatten Frauen mit 22,6 Monaten medianem {\"U}berleben einen signifikanten Vorteil gegen{\"u}ber M{\"a}nnern mit nur 15,6 Monaten. Ebenso fand sich bei Patienten mit einer bronchioloalveol{\"a}ren Histologie ein signifikanter {\"U}berlebensvorteil gegen{\"u}ber allen anderen histologischen Typen. Im Gegensatz dazu hatten großzellige Karzinome ein signifikant schlechteres {\"U}berleben als die anderen Histologien. Ein weiterer wichtiger Einflussfaktor auf die Prognose stellt das UICC-Stadium dar. So nehmen mit steigendem UICC-Stadium das mediane {\"U}berleben sowie das 5-J{\"U}L ab. Die Auswertung der TKI-Therapie gestaltete sich schwieriger als prim{\"a}r angenommen. Vor allem der sogenannte „immortal time bias", welcher bereits aus anderen Studien bekannt war, sollte einen m{\"o}glichst geringen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse haben. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein adaptiertes Matched-Pairs-Verfahren f{\"u}r die Analysen verwendet. Dabei wurde zur besseren Vergleichbarkeit eine homogene Gruppe f{\"u}r die TKI-Auswertung ermittelt. Kriterien hierf{\"u}r waren: Adenokarzinom-Histologie, UICC-Stadium IV, Alter bei 51 Diagnose 40 - 80 Jahre, ECOG 0 - 2, und eine mindestens 3-monatige Follow-up Zeit. Matches wurden anhand des Propensity Scores gefunden und mittels Kaplan-Meier-Kurven ausgewertet. Beim Vergleich der Gruppe von Patienten mit negativem EGFR-Mutationsstatus fand sich kein {\"U}berlebensvorteil f{\"u}r eine TKI-Therapie im Gegensatz zu einer konventionellen platinbasierten Chemotherapie. Bei Patienten mit einer aktivierenden Mutation im EGFR-Gen fand sich unter einer TKI-Therapie ein signifikant l{\"a}ngeres Gesamt{\"u}berleben als in der Vergleichsgruppe unter konventioneller Chemotherapie. Die Daten sprechen daf{\"u}r, dass die Ergebnisse aus klinischen Studien mit den Daten des Tumorregisters W{\"u}rzburg reproduzierbar sind. Bei nachgewiesener EGFR-Mutation die TKI-Therapie ein deutlich l{\"a}ngeres {\"U}berleben f{\"u}r den Patienten bietet. Trotz der signifikant l{\"a}ngeren {\"U}berlebenszeit von median 22,5 Monaten zu 15,0 Monaten, zeigte sich ein prognostischer Vorteil haupts{\"a}chlich in den ersten beiden Therapiejahren. Dieses Ph{\"a}nomen kann wahrscheinlich auf eine Resistenzentwicklung der Tumorzellen zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Insgesamt kann man sich f{\"u}r eine fl{\"a}chendeckende Testung auf EGFR-Mutationen bei fortgeschrittenen Bronchialkarzinomen aussprechen. Patienten sollte bei einer positiven Mutationsanalyse ein TKI als Erstlinientherapie angeboten werden. In anderen Studien wurde bereits gezeigt, dass diese Therapieform auch mit weniger Nebenwirkungen einhergeht. Eine TKI-Therapie kann f{\"u}r Patienten mit positiver EGFR-Mutation eine l{\"a}ngere {\"U}berlebenszeit in Kombination mit einer besseren Lebensqualit{\"a}t erm{\"o}glichen. Wie in einigen Studien bereits untersucht, sollten nicht nur Adenokarzinom Patienten eine Testung erhalten, sondern auch eine Erweiterung auf andere histologische Gruppen stattfinden. Insgesamt ist es wichtig, dass individualisierte Therapien weiter vorangebracht werden. Dabei darf aber nicht vergessen werden, dass diese neuen Therapien sehr kostspielig sind. Daher sollte immer untersucht werden, ob die in klinisch kontrollierten Studien gefundenen Ergebnisse auch unter „real life" Bedingungen reproduzierbar sind.},
  subject      = {NSCLC},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{MuellerHuebner2020,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-H{\"u}bner, Laura},
  title     = {The role of nuclear architecture in the context of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18707},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187074},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Antigenic variation of surface proteins is a commonly used strategy among pathogens to evade the host immune response [63]. The mechanism underlying antigenic variation relies on monoallelic exclusion of a single gene from a hypervariable multigene family combined with repeated, systematic changes in antigen expression. In many systems, these gene families are arranged in subtelomeric contingency loci that are subject to both transcriptional repression and enhanced mutagenesis and recombination [16]. Eviction of a selected gene from a repressed antigen repertoire can be achieved e.g. by recombination into a dedicated, transcriptionally permissive site or by local epigenetic alterations in chromatin composition of the selected gene. Both processes are ultimately affected by genome architecture. Architectural proteins controlling antigenic variation have, however, remained elusive in any pathogen. The unicellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei evades the host immune response by periodically changing expression of a single variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) from a repertoire of ~3000 VSG genes - the largest mutually exclusively expressed gene family described today. To activate a selected VSG gene, it needs to be located in a dedicated expression site that becomes subject to relocation into a distinct, transcriptionally active subnuclear compartment, the expression site body (ESB). Whereas this emphasizes the importance of nuclear architecture in regulating antigen expression in T. brucei, the mechanisms underlying spatial positioning of DNA in T. brucei are not well understood. In this study I applied genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) to obtain a comprehensive picture of the T. brucei genome in three dimensions, both in procyclic and bloodstream form parasites. Hi-C revealed a highly structured nucleus with megabase chromosomes occupying distinct chromosome territories. Further, specific trans interactions between chromosomes, among which are clusters of centromeres, rRNA genes and procyclins became apparent. With respect to antigenic variation, Hi-C revealed a striking compaction of the subtelomeric VSG gene repertoire and a strong clustering of transcriptionally repressed VSG-containing expression sites. Further, Hi-C analyses confirmed the spatial separation of the actively transcribed from the silenced expression sites in three dimensions. I further sought to characterize architectural proteins mediating nuclear architecture in T. brucei. Whereas CTCF is absent in non-metazoans, we found cohesin to be expressed throughout the cell cycle, emphasizing a function beyond sister chromatid cohesion in S-phase. By Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIPseq), I found cohesin enrichment to coincide with the presence of histone H3 vari- ant (H3.V) and H4 variant (H4.V). Most importantly, cohesin and the histone variants were enriched towards the VSG gene at silent and active expression sites. While the deletion of H3.V led to increased clustering of expression sites in three dimensions and increased chromatin accessibility at expression site promoters, the additional deletion of H4.V increased chromatin accessibility at expression sits even further. RNAseq showed that mutually exclusive VSG expression was lost in H3.V and H4.V single and double deletion mutants. Immunofluorescence imaging of surface VSGs, flow cytometry and single-cell RNAseq revealed a progressive loss of VSG-2 expression, indicative of an increase in VSG switching rate in the H3.V/H4.V double deletion mutants. Using long-read sequencing technology, we found that VSG switching occurred via recombination and concluded, that the concomitant increase in spatial proximity and accessibility among expression sites facilitated the recombination event. I therefore identified the histone variants H3.V and H4.V to act at the interface of global nuclear architecture and chromatin accessibility and to represent a link between genome architecture and antigenic variation.},
  subject      = {Trypanosoma brucei brucei},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Neumann2014,
  author    = {Neumann, Annick},
  title     = {Reaktive Sauerstoffradikale bei der Schmerzentstehung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-100943},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Schmerzen sind ein Hauptsymptom der Entz{\"u}ndung. W{\"a}hrend der Entz{\"u}ndungsreaktion f{\"u}hrt die Freisetzung von Zytokinen und Chemokinen zur Einwanderung von Leukozyten in das entz{\"u}ndete Gewebe. Durch die Freisetzung weiterer proalgetischer Mediatoren tragen Leukozyten zur Sensitivierung des Nozizeptors bei und verursachen damit die Schmerzentstehung. In Verhaltensexperimenten verursacht intraplantare Injektion des Monozyten-rekrutierenden Chemokins CCL2 bei Wistar Ratten eine Hyperalgesie. Gleichzeitige Injektion von CCL2 mit dem Enzym Katalase oder dem Superoxiddismutasemimetikum TEMPOL verhindert die Entwicklung der CCL2-induzierten Hyperalgesie. Dark Agouti Ratten mit einer verringerten Aktivit{\"a}t der NADPH-Oxidase, aufgrund eines Polymorphimus im Gen ncf1, entwickeln keine CCL2-induzierte Hyperalgesie. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Bedeutung von Monozyten/Makropagen und reaktiven Sauerstoffradikalen f{\"u}r die Entstehung der CCL2-induzierten Hyperalgesie untersucht. In vitro wurde die Bildung von reaktiven Sauerstoffradikalen in humanen Monozyten und Peritonealmakrophagen aus Wistar und Dark Agouti Ratten nach Stimulation mit CCL2 untersucht. In vivo wurde die Bildung des Lipidperoxidationsproduktes 4-HNE im Pfotengewebe von Wistar und Dark Agouti Ratten nach CCL2 Injektion untersucht.},
  subject      = {Entz{\"u}ndung},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{NickersonAtalagdeBonoetal.2016,
  author    = {Nickerson, David and Atalag, Koray and de Bono, Bernard and Geiger, J{\"o}rg and Goble, Carole and Hollmann, Susanne and Lonien, Joachim and M{\"u}ller, Wolfgang and Regierer, Babette and Stanford, Natalie J. and Golebiewski, Martin and Hunter, Peter},
  title     = {The Human Physiome: how standards, software and innovative service infrastructures are providing the building blocks to make it achievable},
  series = {Interface Focus},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Interface Focus},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1098/rsfs.2015.0103},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189584},
  pages     = {13 Seiten},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Reconstructing and understanding the Human Physiome virtually is a complex mathematical problem, and a highly demanding computational challenge. Mathematical models spanning from the molecular level through to whole populations of individuals must be integrated, then personalized. This requires interoperability with multiple disparate and geographically separated data sources, and myriad computational software tools. Extracting and producing knowledge from such sources, even when the databases and software are readily available, is a challenging task. Despite the difficulties, researchers must frequently perform these tasks so that available knowledge can be continually integrated into the common framework required to realize the Human Physiome. Software and infrastructures that support the communities that generate these, together with their underlying standards to format, describe and interlink the corresponding data and computer models, are pivotal to the Human Physiome being realized. They provide the foundations for integrating, exchanging and re-using data and models efficiently, and correctly, while also supporting the dissemination of growing knowledge in these forms. In this paper, we explore the standards, software tooling, repositories and infrastructures that support this work, and detail what makes them vital to realizing the Human Physiome.},
  language  = {en}
}