@phdthesis{Waetzig2011,
  author    = {W{\"a}tzig, Andrea},
  title     = {Neurophysiologische Evidenz f{\"u}r eine St{\"o}rung des impliziten Ged{\"a}chtnis bei Alkoholabh{\"a}ngigkeit},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56769},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 21 reine Alkoholpatienten, 6 polytoxikomane Alkoholpatienten und 18 gesunde Kontrollen neurophysiologisch untersucht. Basierend auf einem Paradigma zu Negativem Priming wurden Unterschiede zwischen den genannten Kollektiven bez{\"u}glich der Amplitude und Latenz der P300 im EEG untersucht. Kontrollpersonen zeigten in dieser Studie generell eine signifikant k{\"u}rzere Latenz der P3a als beide Patientenkollektive, was als Hinweis auf eine kognitive Ineffizienz bei Alkoholpatienten gesehen werden kann. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass reine Alkoholpatienten und polytoxikomane Alkoholpatienten bez{\"u}glich der Ver{\"a}nderungen der P300 getrennt betrachtet werden m{\"u}ssen, da sich signifikante Unterschiede bez{\"u}glich Latenz und Amplitude zwischen den beiden Patientenkollektiven zeigten. Ebenso gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass bei Studien zur P300 Geschlechterunterschiede ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden m{\"u}ssen. Mit vorliegender Studie konnte zudem die Theorie einer prominenten frontocentralen Verteilung der P3a unterst{\"u}tzt werden.},
  subject      = {Alkoholismus},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Wittlich2011,
  author    = {Wittlich, Meike},
  title     = {Interaktionen von allelischen Variationen von 5-HTTLPR mit Umweltfaktoren bei Patienten mit adulter Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-/ Hyperaktivit{\"a}ts-St{\"o}rung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70087},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Dysfunktionen des serotonergen Neurotransmittersystems, innerhalb dessen die allelischen Variationen des 5-HTTLPR-Polymorphismus wiederum einen zentrale Rolle einnehmen, werden f{\"u}r die Genese verschiedener psychischer Erkrankungen diskutiert. Untersucht wurde die Interaktion zwischen der allelischen Variationen des 5-HTTLPR-Polymorphismus und Lebensereignissen, die mit Hilfe des Life History Calendar von Caspi bei 123 aADHS-Patienten erfasst wurden. Die Teilnehmer wurden {\"u}ber Lebenserfahrungen bis zu ihrem 21. Lebensjahr genau befragt, die so in additiver Wertung in den Life-Event-Effekt einflossen. Zudem wurden mit Hilfe der Pers{\"o}nlichkeitstests TPQ und NEO-PI-R Punktescores erhoben. Eine Marker*Life Event-Interaktion wurde nachgewiesen. Bei aAHDS-Patienten, die die homozygot lange Variante des 5-HTTLPR-Polymorphismus tragen, ist eine h{\"o}here Zahl an erlebten Life Events mit einem gr{\"o}ßerem Risiko assoziiert, eine Cluster-B-Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rung zu entwickeln. Eine geringere Anzahl an Life Events ist assoziiert mit einem geringerem Risiko f{\"u}r Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsst{\"o}rungen.},
  subject      = {Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Syndrom},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Weissflog2011,
  author    = {Weißflog, Lena},
  title     = {Molecular Genetics of Emotional Dysregulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69345},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a genetically complex childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder which is highly persistent into adulthood. Several chromo-somal regions associated with this disorder were identified previously in genome-wide linkage scans, association (GWA) and copy number variation (CNV) studies. In this work the results of case-control and family-based association studies using a can-didate gene approach are presented. For this purpose, possible candidate genes for ADHD have been finemapped using mass array-based SNP genotyping. The genes KCNIP4, CDH13 and DIRAS2 have been found to be associated with ADHD and, in addition, with cluster B and cluster C personality disorders (PD) which are known to be related to ADHD. Most of the associations found in this work would not withstand correction for multiple testing. However, a replication in several independent populations has been achieved and in conjunction with previous evidence from linkage, GWA and CNV studies, it is assumed that there are true associations between those genes and ADHD. Further investigation of DIRAS2 by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) revealed expression in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum of the human brain and a significant increase in Diras2 expression in the mouse brain during early development. In situ hybrid-izations on murine brain slices confirmed the results gained by qPCR in the human brain. Moreover, Diras2 is expressed in the basolateral amygdala, structures of the olfactory system and several other brain regions which have been implicated in the psychopatholo-gy of ADHD. In conclusion, the results of this work provide further support to the existence of a strong genetic component in the pathophysiology of ADHD and related disorders. KCNIP4, CDH13 and DIRAS2 are promising candidates and need to be further examined to get more knowledge about the neurobiological basis of this common disease. This knowledge is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the emergence of this disorder and for the development of new treatment strategies.},
  subject      = {Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Syndrom},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VandenHoveJakobSchrautetal.2011,
  author    = {Van den Hove, Daniel and Jakob, Sissi Brigitte and Schraut, Karla-Gerlinde and Kenis, Gunter and Schmitt, Angelika Gertrud and Kneitz, Susanne and Scholz, Claus-J{\"u}rgen and Wiescholleck, Valentina and Ortega, Gabriela and Prickaerts, Jos and Steinbusch, Harry and Lesch, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Differential Effects of Prenatal Stress in 5-Htt Deficient Mice: Towards Molecular Mechanisms of Gene x Environment Interactions},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0022715},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135111},
  pages     = {e22715},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Prenatal stress (PS) has been shown to influence the development of the fetal brain and to increase the risk for the development of psychiatric disorders in later life. Furthermore, the variation of human serotonin transporter (5-HTT, SLC6A4) gene was suggested to exert a modulating effect on the association between early life stress and the risk for depression. In the present study, we used a 5-HttxPS paradigm to investigate whether the effects of PS are dependent on the 5-Htt genotype. For this purpose, the effects of PS on cognition, anxiety-and depression-related behavior were examined using a maternal restraint stress paradigm of PS in C57BL6 wild-type (WT) and heterozygous 5-Htt deficient (5-Htt +/-) mice. Additionally, in female offspring, a genome-wide hippocampal gene expression profiling was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip (R) Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array. 5-Htt +/- offspring showed enhanced memory performance and signs of reduced anxiety as compared to WT offspring. In contrast, exposure of 5-Htt +/- mice to PS was associated with increased depressive-like behavior, an effect that tended to be more pronounced in female offspring. Further, 5-Htt genotype, PS and their interaction differentially affected the expression of numerous genes and related pathways within the female hippocampus. Specifically, MAPK and neurotrophin signaling were regulated by both the 5-Htt +/- genotype and PS exposure, whereas cytokine and Wnt signaling were affected in a 5-Htt genotypexPS manner, indicating a genexenvironment interaction at the molecular level. In conclusion, our data suggest that although the 5-Htt +/- genotype shows clear adaptive capacity, 5-Htt +/- mice -particularly females-at the same time appear to be more vulnerable to developmental stress exposure when compared to WT offspring. Moreover, hippocampal gene expression profiles suggest that distinct molecular mechanisms mediate the behavioral effects of the 5-Htt genotype, PS exposure, and their interaction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SongXiuHuangetal.2011,
  author    = {Song, Ning-Ning and Xiu, Jian-Bo and Huang, Ying and Chen, Jia-Yin and Zhang, Lei and Gutknecht, Lise and Lesch, Klaus Peter and Li, He and Ding, Yu-Qiang},
  title     = {Adult Raphe-Specific Deletion of Lmx1b Leads to Central Serotonin Deficiency},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0015998},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133581},
  pages     = {e15998},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The transcription factor Lmx1b is essential for the differentiation and survival of central serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurons during embryonic development. However, the role of Lmx1b in adult 5-HTergic neurons is unknown. We used an inducible Cre-LoxP system to selectively inactivate Lmx1b expression in the raphe nuclei of adult mice. Pet1-CreER(T2) mice were generated and crossed with Lmx1b(flox/flox) mice to obtain Pet1-CreER(T2); Lmx1b(flox/flox) mice (which termed as Lmx1b iCKO). After administration of tamoxifen, the level of 5-HT in the brain of Lmx1b iCKO mice was reduced to 60\% of that in control mice, and the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2), serotonin transporter (Sert) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (Vmat2) was greatly down-regulated. On the other hand, the expression of dopamine and norepinephrine as well as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (Aadc) and Pet1 was unchanged. Our results reveal that Lmx1b is required for the biosynthesis of 5-HT in adult mouse brain, and it may be involved in maintaining normal functions of central 5-HTergic neurons by regulating the expression of Tph2, Sert and Vmat2.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiedererLaux2011,
  author    = {Riederer, Peter and Laux, Gerd},
  title     = {MAO-inhibitors in Parkinson's Disease},
  series = {Experimental Neurobiology},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Experimental Neurobiology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.5607/en.2011.20.1.1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140930},
  pages     = {1-17},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I) belong to the earliest drugs tried in Parkinson's disease (PD). They have been used with or without levodopa (L-DOPA). Non-selective MAO-I due to their side-effect/adverse reaction profile, like tranylcypromine have limited use in the treatment of depression in PD, while selective, reversible MAO-A inhibitors are recommended due to their easier clinical handling. For the treatment of akinesia and motor fluctuations selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitors selegiline and rasagiline are recommended. They are safe and well tolerated at the recommended daily doses. Their main differences are related to (1) metabolism, (2) interaction with CYP-enzymes and (3) quantitative properties at the molecular biological/genetic level. Rasagiline is more potent in clinical practise and has a hypothesis driven more favourable side effect/adverse reaction profile due to its metabolism to aminoindan. Both selegiline and rasagiline have a neuroprotective and neurorestaurative potential. A head-to head clinical trial would be of utmost interest from both the clinical outcome and a hypothesis-driven point of view. Selegiline is available as tablet and melting tablet for PD and as transdermal selegiline for depression, while rasagiline is marketed as tablet for PD. In general, the clinical use of MAO-I nowadays is underestimated. There should be more efforts to evaluate their clinical potency as antidepressants and antidementive drugs in addition to the final proof of their disease-modifying potential. In line with this are recent innovative developments of MAO-I plus inhibition of acetylcholine esterase for Alzheimer's disease as well as combined MAO-I and iron chelation for PD.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RantamaekiVesaAntilaetal.2011,
  author    = {Rantam{\"a}ki, Tomi and Vesa, Liisa and Antila, Hanna and Di Lieto, Antonio and Tammela, P{\"a}ivi and Schmitt, Angelika and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Rios, Maribel and Castr{\´e}n, Eero},
  title     = {Antidepressant Drugs Transactivate TrkB Neurotrophin Receptors in the Adult Rodent Brain Independently of BDNF and Monoamine Transporter Blockade},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0020567},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133746},
  pages     = {e20567},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background: Antidepressant drugs (ADs) have been shown to activate BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) receptor TrkB in the rodent brain but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. ADs act as monoamine reuptake inhibitors and after prolonged treatments regulate brain bdnf mRNA levels indicating that monoamine-BDNF signaling regulate AD-induced TrkB activation in vivo. However, recent findings demonstrate that Trk receptors can be transactivated independently of their neurotrophin ligands. Methodology: In this study we examined the role of BDNF, TrkB kinase activity and monoamine reuptake in the AD-induced TrkB activation in vivo and in vitro by employing several transgenic mouse models, cultured neurons and TrkB-expressing cell lines. Principal Findings: Using a chemical-genetic TrkB(F616A) mutant and TrkB overexpressing mice, we demonstrate that ADs specifically activate both the maturely and immaturely glycosylated forms of TrkB receptors in the brain in a TrkB kinase dependent manner. However, the tricyclic AD imipramine readily induced the phosphorylation of TrkB receptors in conditional bdnf(-/-) knock-out mice (132.4+/-8.5\% of control; P = 0.01), indicating that BDNF is not required for the TrkB activation. Moreover, using serotonin transporter (SERT) deficient mice and chemical lesions of monoaminergic neurons we show that neither a functional SERT nor monoamines are required for the TrkB phosphorylation response induced by the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine or citalopram, or norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor reboxetine. However, neither ADs nor monoamine transmitters activated TrkB in cultured neurons or cell lines expressing TrkB receptors, arguing that ADs do not directly bind to TrkB. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that ADs transactivate brain TrkB receptors independently of BDNF and monoamine reuptake blockade and emphasize the need of an intact tissue context for the ability of ADs to induce TrkB activity in brain.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Marschelke2011,
  author    = {Marschelke, Julia Caterine},
  title     = {Handlungs{\"u}berwachung bei Schizophrenien und Zykloiden Psychosen - Ein Vergleich der diagnostischen Untergruppen anhand der "error-related negativity" (ERN)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71169},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte anhand der error-related negativity (ERN) eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Fehlerwahrnehmung und im weiteren Sinne eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Handlungskontrolle bei Patienten mit Erkrankungn aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis im Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden dargestellt werden. F{\"u}r diesen Vergleich wurde zus{\"a}tzlich die error- positivity (Pe) herangezogen. Anhand dieser Parameter erfolgte zus{\"a}tzlich ein Vergleich der Patienten mit einer klassischen Schizophrenie und solchen mit einer Zykloiden Psychose mit Blick auf die bereits existierende klinische Differenzierung gem{\"a}ß Leonhard. Als Ergebnis ließen sich im Vergleich zu den Kontrollprobanden eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte ERN und eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Pe bei beiden Patientengruppen feststellen. Die Hypothese, dass Patienten mit einer Zykloiden Psychose sich nicht nur klinisch, sondern auch elektrophysiologisch von den Patienten mit einer klassischen Schizophrenie unterscheiden, ließ sich anhand der ERN und der Pe nicht untermauern. Anders als angenommen wiesen die Patienten mit einer Zykloiden Psychose keine weniger starke Einschr{\"a}nkung der beiden elektrophysiologischen Parameter auf.},
  subject      = {Schizophrenie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Loeffler2011,
  author    = {L{\"o}ffler, Iva Christiane},
  title     = {Serotonin Transporter Polymorphismen im VITA-Projekt},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-66224},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe der Ergebnisse der Basisuntersuchung der VITA-Studie untersucht, ob der L{\"a}ngenpolymorphismus des Serotonin Transporters einen Einfluss auf die Entstehung einer Depression im Alter oder einer Demenz hat. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass eine Assoziation zwischen dem 5-HTTLPR und einer Depression besteht. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem 5-HTTLPR und einer Demenzerkrankung konnte jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden.},
  subject      = {Serotoninstoffwechsel},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Lorenc2011,
  author    = {Lorenc, Simone Iris [geb. Lindhof]},
  title     = {Das M{\"u}nchhausen-by-proxy-Syndrom in Deutschland - erste Daten -},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-76941},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Erhebung erster Daten {\"u}ber das Vorliegen des M{\"u}nchhausen-by-proxy-Syndroms, einer besonderen Form der Kindesmisshandlung, in Deutschland. Alle Kinderkliniken in Deutschland wurden im ersten Schritt nach F{\"a}llen und dem {\"u}berblickten Zeitraum gefragt. Im zweiten Schritt folgte ein 23-seitiger Fragebogen mit Angaben u.a. zum Opfer, zu vorliegenden oder geschilderten Symptomen, zur Art des Missbrauchsnachweises, zur verursachenden Person, zum Verhalten der verursachenden Person, zum Partner der verursachenden Person, zu Geschwisterkindern, zu rechtlichen Folgen f{\"u}r die Opfer und die verursachende Person. Dem geschichtlichen Abspann folgte nach Auswertung unserer Daten eine Diskussion im Hinblick auf die derzeitige internationale Datenlage sowie ein Blick in die Zukunft.},
  subject      = {M{\"u}nchhausen-Syndrom der Angeh{\"o}rigen},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LineBarkusCoyleetal.2011,
  author    = {Line, Samantha J. and Barkus, Christopher and Coyle, Clare and Jennings, Katie A. and Deacon, Robert M. and Lesch, Klaus P. and Sharp, Trevor and Bannerman, David M.},
  title     = {Opposing alterations in anxiety and species-typical behaviours in serotonin transporter overexpressor and knockout mice},
  series = {European Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {European Neuropsychopharmacology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.08.005},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141222},
  pages     = {108-116},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Human gene association studies have produced conflicting findings regarding the relationship between the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) and anxiety. In the present study genetically modified mice were utilised to examine the effects of changes in 5-HTT expression on anxiety. In addition, the influence of 5-HTT expression on two innate "species-typical" behaviours (burrowing and marble burying) and body weight was explored. Across a range of models, 5-HTT overexpressing mice displayed reduced anxiety-like behaviour whilst 5-HTT knockout mice showed increased anxiety-like behaviour, compared to wildtype controls. In tests of species-typical behaviour 5-HTT overexpressing mice showed some facilitation whilst 5-HTT knockout mice were impaired. Reciprocal effects were also seen on body weight, as 5-HTT overexpressors were lighter and 5-HTT knockouts were heavier than wildtype controls. These findings show that variation in 5-HTT gene expression produces robust changes in anxiety and species-typical behaviour. Furthermore, the data add further support to findings that variation of 5-HTT expression in the human population is linked to changes in anxiety-related personality traits.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kaese2011,
  author    = {K{\"a}se, Mirjam},
  title     = {Transkranielle Theta Burst Behandlung depressiver Patienten: Untersuchung der Wirkung auf evozierte Potentiale in einem Oddball Paradigma},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69314},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es die Wirksamkeit einer Behandlung mit Transkranieller Magnetstimulation bei depressiven Patienten zu untersuchen. Der Behandlungserfolg wurde mit depressionsspezfischen Frageb{\"o}gen, der Testleistung in einer kognitiven Aufgabe und ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen im EEG objektiviert. Es konnte nicht abschließend gekl{\"a}rt werden, ob die Theta-Burst-Stimulation in der Therapie depressiver Patienten geeignet ist. Es fanden sich allerdings Hinweise darauf, dass die pr{\"a}frontal applizierte Behandlung Ver{\"a}nderungen in den frontal generierten ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen bewirkte.},
  subject      = {Chronische Depression},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kuchler2011,
  author    = {Kuchler, Friederike Barbara},
  title     = {Die genetische Modulation von menschlichem Paarbindungsverhalten: AVPR1A und NOS1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64483},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {AVPR1A und NOS1 spielen in der aktuellen Forschung zu Paarbindungsverhalten bzw. Impulsivit{\"a}t eine wichtige Rolle. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, einen Zusammenhang zwischen genetischen Varianten in diesen beiden Genen mit sexueller Aktivit{\"a}t, Treue und impulsivem Verhalten zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass das lange Allel des AVPR1A RS3 Polymorphismus mit gesteigertem sexuellem Verhalten und entsprechend verringerter Treue assoziiert ist. Des Weiteren wurde postuliert, dass das kurze Allel von NOS1 ex1f-VNTR indirekt {\"u}ber gesteigerte Impulsivit{\"a}t und Extraversion mit Untreue und gesteigertem sexuellem Verhalten assoziiert ist. In Hinblick auf den NOS1 Polymorphismus konnte die Hypothese teilweise best{\"a}tigt werden. So zeigten Probanden, welche homozygot f{\"u}r das kurze Allel des NOS1 ex1f-VNTR waren, signifikant h{\"o}here Werte f{\"u}r Impulsivit{\"a}t und Extraversion, wohingegen Teilnehmer mit mindestens einem langen Allel signifikant h{\"o}here Werte f{\"u}r Gehemmtheit aufwiesen. Eine Assoziation zwischen gesteigerter Sexualit{\"a}t bzw. Untreue und diesen Varianten zeigte sich jedoch nicht. Allerdings zeigte sich auch auf der rein psychometrischen Ebene kein Zusammenhang zwischen gesteigerter Impulsivit{\"a}t und Untreue, so dass zusammenfassend zwar der direkte vermutete Assoziationsbefund repliziert werden konnte, die indirekte Annahme jedoch zu verwerfen ist. Auch f{\"u}r die beiden Polymorphismen RS1 und RS3 des Vasopressin-Rezeptor-Gens AVPR1A zeigten sich signifikante Ergebnisse. So konnte gezeigt werden, dass Probanden, welche homozygot f{\"u}r das lange Allel von RS3 sind, signifikant h{\"o}here Werte f{\"u}r Leistungsorientiertheit, Extraversion und Selbstbewusstsein, aber auch f{\"u}r Untreue und gesteigertes Sexualverhalten aufweisen. F{\"u}r RS1 hingegen ergab sich lediglich, dass Probanden, welche homozygot f{\"u}r das lange Allel sind, impulsiver zu sein scheinen, w{\"a}hrend Probanden mit mindestens einem kurzen Allel eine Tendenz zu gesteigertem sexuellem Verhalten erkennen ließen. Zusammenfassend kann man daher sagen, dass die Hypothesen teilweise best{\"a}tigt werden konnten - unter den Einschr{\"a}nkungen dass die Stichprobengr{\"o}ße relativ gering war und alle Signifikanzwerte f{\"u}r multiples Testen unkorrigiert sind - und als Grundlage f{\"u}r weiterf{\"u}hrende Studien hinsichtlich AVPR1A und NOS1 in Bezug auf menschliches Verhalten dienen k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Sexualit{\"a}t},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HerrmannGlotzbachMuehlbergeretal.2011,
  author    = {Herrmann, Martin J. and Glotzbach, Evelyn and M{\"u}hlberger, Andreas and Gschwendtner, Kathrin and Fallgatter, Andreas J. and Pauli, Paul},
  title     = {Prefrontal Brain Activation During Emotional Processing: A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study (fNIRS)},
  series = {The Open Neuroimaging Journal},
  journal   = {The Open Neuroimaging Journal},
  doi       = {10.2174/1874440001105010033},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-97437},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The limbic system and especially the amygdala have been identified as key structures in emotion induction and regulation. Recently research has additionally focused on the influence of prefrontal areas on emotion processing in the limbic system and the amygdala. Results from fMRI studies indicate that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved not only in emotion induction but also in emotion regulation. However, studies using fNIRS only report prefrontal brain activation during emotion induction. So far it lacks the attempt to compare emotion induction and emotion regulation with regard to prefrontal activation measured with fNIRS, to exclude the possibility that the reported prefrontal brain activation in fNIRS studies are mainly caused by automatic emotion regulation processes. Therefore this work tried to distinguish emotion induction from regulation via fNIRS of the prefrontal cortex. 20 healthy women viewed neutral pictures as a baseline condition, fearful pictures as induction condition and reappraised fearful pictures as regulation condition in randomized order. As predicted, the view-fearful condition led to higher arousal ratings than the view-neutral condition with the reappraise-fearful condition in between. For the fNIRS results the induction condition showed an activation of the bilateral PFC compared to the baseline condition (viewing neutral). The regulation condition showed an activation only of the left PFC compared to the baseline condition, although the direct comparison between induction and regulation condition revealed no significant difference in brain activation. Therefore our study underscores the results of previous fNIRS studies showing prefrontal brain activation during emotion induction and rejects the hypothesis that this prefrontal brain activation might only be a result of automatic emotion regulation processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaeussingerHeinzelHahnetal.2011,
  author    = {Haeussinger, Florian B. and Heinzel, Sebastian and Hahn, Tim and Schecklmann, Martin and Ehlis, Ann-Christine and Fallgatter, Andreas J.},
  title     = {Simulation of Near-Infrared Light Absorption Considering Individual Head and Prefrontal Cortex Anatomy: Implications for Optical Neuroimaging},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0026377},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142311},
  pages     = {e26377},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an established optical neuroimaging method for measuring functional hemodynamic responses to infer neural activation. However, the impact of individual anatomy on the sensitivity of fNIRS measuring hemodynamics within cortical gray matter is still unknown. By means of Monte Carlo simulations and structural MRI of 23 healthy subjects (mean age: (25.0 +/- 2.8) years), we characterized the individual distribution of tissue-specific NIR-light absorption underneath 24 prefrontal fNIRS channels. We, thereby, investigated the impact of scalp-cortex distance (SCD), frontal sinus volume as well as sulcal morphology on gray matter volumes (V(gray)) traversed by NIR-light, i.e. anatomy-dependent fNIRS sensitivity. The NIR-light absorption between optodes was distributed describing a rotational ellipsoid with a mean penetration depth of (23.6 +/- 0.7) mm considering the deepest 5\% of light. Of the detected photon packages scalp and bone absorbed (96.4 +/- 9: 7)\% and V(gray) absorbed (3.1 +/- 1.8)\% of the energy. The mean V(gray) volume (1.1 +/- 0.4)cm(3) was negatively correlated (r = - .76) with the SCD and frontal sinus volume (r = - .57) and was reduced by 41.5\% in subjects with relatively large compared to small frontal sinus. Head circumference was significantly positively correlated with the mean SCD (r = .46) and the traversed frontal sinus volume (r = .43). Sulcal morphology had no significant impact on V(gray). Our findings suggest to consider individual SCD and frontal sinus volume as anatomical factors impacting fNIRS sensitivity. Head circumference may represent a practical measure to partly control for these sources of error variance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gruener2011,
  author    = {Gr{\"u}ner, Franziska},
  title     = {Lernstrategien und Pr{\"u}fungsangst bei Studierenden der Studieng{\"a}nge Humanmedizin und Lehramt},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64736},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Pr{\"u}fungsangst ist in der heutigen Gesellschaft und in den Lerneinrichtungen, wie Schule und Universit{\"a}t, ein sehr relevantes Thema. So gibt jeder sechste Student im Erststudium an, sich mit Lern- und Leistungsproblemen sowie mit Pr{\"u}fungs- angst auseinanderzusetzen (17. Sozialerhebung des Deutschen Studentenwerks, 2003). Es ist von einem Zusammenhang zwischen Pr{\"u}fungsangst und Lernstrate- gien auszugehen. Die Vermittlung von Lernstrategien kann zur Pr{\"a}vention von Pr{\"u}fungsangst beitragen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, bei Studierenden den Zusammenhang zwi- schen der Auspr{\"a}gung von Pr{\"u}fungsangst und der Nutzung von Lernstrategien zu untersuchen. Zudem wurde das Ausmaß der Nutzung verschiedener Lernstrate- gien in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Semesterzahl, der Studienrichtung und dem Ge- schlecht untersucht und der Bedarf bei Studierenden hinsichtlich der Vermittlung von Lernstrategien erfasst. Erg{\"a}nzend wurde der Zusammenhang von Lernstra- tegien und subjektiv wahrgenommenem Studienerfolg beschrieben. Im Rahmen einer Fragebogenuntersuchung im Sommersemester 2008 wurden Studierende der Humanmedizin und des Lehramtes der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg zum Einsatz von Lernstrategien, der Auspr{\"a}gung von Pr{\"u}fungsangst, ihrem Be- darf hinsichtlich der Vermittlung von Lernstrategien und ihrem subjektivem Studi- enerfolg befragt. Es wurden Studierende der ersten beiden Semester und ab dem achten Semester untersucht. Die Stichprobe umfasst 345 Studierende. Im Bezug auf die Strategienutzung und das Geschlecht der Studierenden konnten die Ergebnisse aus der Literatur weitgehend repliziert werden. So konnte best{\"a}tigt werden, dass Frauen in st{\"a}rkerem Ausmaß Lernstrategien einsetzen als M{\"a}nner. Bei der Untersuchung einzelner Lernstrategien konnte gezeigt werden, dass Frauen erwartungsgem{\"a}ß vermehrt die Lernstrategien „Wiederholen" „Organisati- on" und „Lernen mit Studienkollegen" einsetzen, w{\"a}hrend M{\"a}nner vermehrt die Lernstrategie „Kritisches Pr{\"u}fen" nutzen. Entgegen den Ergebnissen aus der Lite- ratur zeigte sich in der untersuchten Stichprobe kein Unterschied in der Nutzung der Lernstrategien „Elaboration" und „Kritisches Pr{\"u}fen" zwischen Studierenden in h{\"o}heren und niedrigeren Semestern. - 94 - Bez{\"u}glich des Bedarfs hinsichtlich der Vermittlung von Lernstrategien zeigte sich, dass Studierende in den Anfangssemestern und Studierende mit Pr{\"u}fungsangst einen st{\"a}rkeren Bedarf bekunden. Lehramtsstudierende {\"a}ußern in allen unter- suchten Semestern einen starken Bedarf. Insbesondere f{\"u}r die genannten Grup- pen von Studierenden sollten Angebote zur Vermittlung von Lernstrategien ge- macht werden. Bei der Untersuchung der Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Studienerfolg und Pr{\"u}- fungsangst konnte gezeigt werden, dass Studierende mit starker Pr{\"u}fungsangst ihren Studienerfolg schlechter einsch{\"a}tzen als Studierende mit geringer Pr{\"u}- fungsangst. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse erscheint es sinnvoll, in der Praxis f{\"u}r Medizinstudie- rende vor allem in den Anfangssemestern gezielt Beratungs- und Lehrangebote anzubieten, da sie diesbez{\"u}glich einen st{\"a}rkeren Bedarf bekundet haben. F{\"u}r Lehramtsstudierende sollte hingegen eine Lernstrategievermittlung {\"u}ber das ge- samte Studium angeboten werden.},
  subject      = {Pr{\"u}fungsangst},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GoepelBiehlKissleretal.2011,
  author    = {Goepel, Johanna and Biehl, Stefanie C. and Kissler, Johanna and Paul-Jordanov, Isabelle},
  title     = {Pro- and antisaccades in children elicited by visual and acoustic targets - does modality matter?},
  series = {BMC Pediatrics},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {BMC Pediatrics},
  number    = {116},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2431-11-116},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141807},
  pages     = {1-8},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background: Children are able to inhibit a prepotent reaction to suddenly arising visual stimuli, although this skill is not yet as pronounced as it is in adulthood. However, up to now the inhibition mechanism to acoustic stimuli has been scarcely investigated Methods: Reflexive (prosaccade) and inhibitory (antisaccade) responses to visual and acoustic targets were examined with an eye tracker system in 31 children between seven and twelve years of age using a gap-overlap task and two target eccentricities. Results: Acoustically cued saccades had longer reaction times than visually cued saccades. A gap effect (i.e., shorter reaction time in the gap than the overlap condition) was only found for visually elicited saccades, whereas an eccentricity effect (i.e., faster saccades to more laterally presented targets - 12 degrees vs. 6 degrees or rather 90 degrees vs. 45 degrees) was only present in the acoustic condition. Longer reaction times of antisaccades compared to prosaccades were found only in the visual task. Across both tasks the typical pattern of elevated error rates in the antisaccade condition was found. Antisaccade errors declined with age, indicating an ongoing development of inhibitory functions. Conclusions: The present results lay the ground for further studies of acoustically triggered saccades in typically as well as atypically developing children and it might thus be possible to upgrade physiological diagnostic tools.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GlotzbachMuehlbergerGschwendtneretal.2011,
  author    = {Glotzbach, Evelyn and M{\"u}hlberger, Andreas and Gschwendtner, Kathrin and Fallgatter, Andreas J and Pauli, Paul and Herrmann, Martin J},
  title     = {Prefrontal Brain Activation During Emotional Processing: A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study (fNIRS)},
  series = {The Open Neuroimaging Journal},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {The Open Neuroimaging Journal},
  doi       = {10.2174/1874440001105010033},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141714},
  pages     = {33-39},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The limbic system and especially the amygdala have been identified as key structures in emotion induction and regulation. Recently research has additionally focused on the influence of prefrontal areas on emotion processing in the limbic system and the amygdala. Results from fMRI studies indicate that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved not only in emotion induction but also in emotion regulation. However, studies using fNIRS only report prefrontal brain activation during emotion induction. So far it lacks the attempt to compare emotion induction and emotion regulation with regard to prefrontal activation measured with fNIRS, to exclude the possibility that the reported prefrontal brain activation in fNIRS studies are mainly caused by automatic emotion regulation processes. Therefore this work tried to distinguish emotion induction from regulation via fNIRS of the prefrontal cortex. 20 healthy women viewed neutral pictures as a baseline condition, fearful pictures as induction condition and reappraised fearful pictures as regulation condition in randomized order. As predicted, the view-fearful condition led to higher arousal ratings than the view-neutral condition with the reappraise-fearful condition in between. For the fNIRS results the induction condition showed an activation of the bilateral PFC compared to the baseline condition (viewing neutral). The regulation condition showed an activation only of the left PFC compared to the baseline condition, although the direct comparison between induction and regulation condition revealed no significant difference in brain activation. Therefore our study underscores the results of previous fNIRS studies showing prefrontal brain activation during emotion induction and rejects the hypothesis that this prefrontal brain activation might only be a result of automatic emotion regulation processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GerlachMaetzlerBroichetal.2011,
  author    = {Gerlach, Manfred and Maetzler, Walter and Broich, Karl and Hampel, Harald and Rems, Lucas and Reum, Torsten and Riederer, Peter and St{\"o}ffler, Albrecht and Streffer, Johannes and Berg, Daniela},
  title     = {Biomarker candidates of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease for the evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics},
  series = {Journal of Neural Transmission},
  volume    = {119},
  journal   = {Journal of Neural Transmission},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-011-0682-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133856},
  pages     = {39-52},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Reliable biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and tracking disease progression are the cornerstone of the development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). The German Society of Experimental and Clinical Neurotherapeutics (GESENT) has convened a Working Group to review the current status of proposed biomarkers of neurodegeneration according to the following criteria and to develop a consensus statement on biomarker candidates for evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics in PD. The criteria proposed are that the biomarker should be linked to fundamental features of PD neuropathology and mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD, should be correlated to disease progression assessed by clinical rating scales, should monitor the actual disease status, should be pre-clinically validated, and confirmed by at least two independent studies conducted by qualified investigators with the results published in peer-reviewed journals. To date, available data have not yet revealed one reliable biomarker to detect early neurodegeneration in PD and to detect and monitor effects of drug candidates on the disease process, but some promising biomarker candidates, such as antibodies against neuromelanin, pathological forms of α-synuclein, DJ-1, and patterns of gene expression, metabolomic and protein profiling exist. Almost all of the biomarker candidates were not investigated in relation to effects of treatment, validated in experimental models of PD and confirmed in independent studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GellaSeguraDuranyetal.2011,
  author    = {Gella, Alejandro and Segura, M{\`o}nica and Durany, N{\´u}ria and Pfuhlmann, Bruno and St{\"o}ber, Gerald and Gawlik, Micha},
  title     = {Is Ankyrin a genetic risk factor for psychiatric phenotypes?},
  series = {BMC Psychiatry},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {BMC Psychiatry},
  number    = {103},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-244X-11-103},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137769},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background Genome wide association studies reported two single nucleotide polymorphisms in ANK3 (rs9804190 and rs10994336) as independent genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder. Another SNP in ANK3 (rs10761482) was associated with schizophrenia in a large European sample. Within the debate on common susceptibility genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, we tried to investigate common findings by analyzing association of ANK3 with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Methods We genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANK3 (rs9804190, rs10994336, and rs10761482) in a case-control sample of German descent including 920 patients with schizophrenia, 400 with bipolar affective disorder, 220 patients with unipolar depression according to ICD 10 and 480 healthy controls. Sample was further differentiated according to Leonhard's classification featuring disease entities with specific combination of bipolar and psychotic syndromes. Results We found no association of rs9804190 and rs10994336 with bipolar disorder, unipolar depression or schizophrenia. In contrast to previous findings rs10761482 was associated with bipolar disorder (p = 0.015) but not with schizophrenia or unipolar depression. We observed no association with disease entities according to Leonhard's classification. Conclusion Our results support a specific genetic contribution of ANK3 to bipolar disorder though we failed to replicate findings for schizophrenia. We cannot confirm ANK3 as a common risk factor for different diseases.},
  language  = {en}
}