@article{KrugOrtmannReichetal.2022,
  author    = {Krug, Ralf and Ortmann, C. and Reich, S. and Hahn, B. and Krastl, G. and Soliman, S.},
  title     = {Tooth discoloration induced by apical plugs with hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements in teeth with open apices-a 2-year in vitro study},
  series = {Clinical Oral Investigations},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Clinical Oral Investigations},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1436-3771},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00784-021-04009-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268856},
  pages     = {375-383},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objectives To assess tooth discoloration induced by different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (HCSCs), including effects of blood and placement method. Materials and methods Eighty bovine teeth cut to a length of 18 mm (crown 8 mm, root 10 mm) were randomly assigned to 10 groups (n = 8), receiving orthograde apical plug treatment (APT). Apical plugs were 4 mm in length and made of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), Medcem MTA (Medcem), TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty (Brasseler), or Medcem Medical Portland Cement (Medcem) plus bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) with and without bovine blood. Further, orthograde (with or without preoperative adhesive coronal dentin sealing) and retrograde APT were compared. Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and sealer, sealed with composite and stored in distilled water. Tooth color was measured on apical plug, gutta-percha/sealer, and crown surface before treatment versus 24 h, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment by spectrophotometry. Color difference (ΔE) values were calculated and analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA with post hoc tests, Friedman test, t test, and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (α = .05). Results Tooth discoloration occurred in all groups with no significant differences between HCSCs (p > .05). After 24 months, color changes were prominent on roots but insignificant on crowns. Blood contamination induced a significantly decreased luminescence (p < .05). Blood had a stronger impact on tooth color than Bi2O3. No relevant effects of retrograde placement (p > .05) or preoperative dentin sealing (p > .05) were detected. Conclusions Apical plugs of the tested HCSCs cause discoloration of bovine roots, but not discoloration of bovine tooth crowns within a 24-month period. Clinical relevance APT should be performed carefully while avoiding direct contact with the coronal dentin, and in that case no aesthetic impairments occur.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrastlWeigerFilippietal.2021,
  author    = {Krastl, G. and Weiger, R. and Filippi, A. and van Wees, H. and Ebeleseder, K. and Ree, M. and Connert, T. and Widbiller, M. and Tj{\"a}derhane, L. and Dummer, P. M. H. and Galler, K.},
  title     = {Endodontic management of traumatized permanent teeth: a comprehensive review},
  series = {International Endodontic Journal},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {International Endodontic Journal},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1111/iej.13508},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259412},
  pages     = {1221-1245},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The pulp plays a key role in the treatment of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and is strongly associated with the outcome, particularly in severe cases. A correct pulp diagnosis is essential as it forms the basis for developing the appropriate management strategy. However, many TDIs are complex, and their treatment requires a profound knowledge of the physiological and pathological responses of the affected tissues. This comprehensive review will look at the dentine-pulp complex and its interaction with the surrounding tissues following TDIs. The literature up to 2020 was reviewed based on several searches on PubMed and the Cochrane Library using relevant terms. In addition to the recently revised guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology, this article aims to provide background information with a focus on endodontic aspects and to gather evidence on which a clinician can make decisions on the choice of the appropriate endodontic approach for traumatized permanent teeth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReymusStawarczykWinkleretal.2020,
  author    = {Reymus, M. and Stawarczyk, B. and Winkler, A. and Ludwig, J. and Kess, S. and Krastl, G. and Krug, R.},
  title     = {A critical evaluation of the material properties and clinical suitability of in-house printed and commercial tooth replicas for endodontic training},
  series = {International Endodontic Journal},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {International Endodontic Journal},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.1111/iej.13361},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218085},
  pages     = {1446 -- 1454},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Aim To assess the suitability of several 3D-printed resins for the manufacturing of tooth replicas for endodontic training in comparison with commercially available replicas by analysing the properties of the materials and comparing them with real teeth during endodontic training. Methodology Tooth replicas were 3D-printed using four resins (NextDent Model, NextDent C\&B, V-Print ee and Vero White Plus) and compared with two commercially available products (VDW and Smile Factory) as well as extracted human teeth. Martens hardness, indentation modulus and radiopacity were investigated on these tooth replicas. Experienced dentists evaluated the suitability of the replicas for endodontic training by comparing them with real teeth in terms of appearance, anatomy, radiopacity, similarity to dentine during access opening, canal gauging and canal instrumentation. Data were analysed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results The greatest hardness values were recorded for human dentine (P < 0.001), followed by V-Print ee and the commercial tooth replica of Smile Factory. The greatest radiopacity was associated with VOC and dentine (P < 0.001) in comparison with the other materials tested. The appearance of the in-house printed tooth replicas was subjectively evaluated by the dentists as being more realistic than the commercially available products. No differences between the replicas was detected during mechanical instrumentation of root canals. Conclusion None of the tooth replicas were able to simulate human dentine from the perspectives evaluated. V-Print ee had radiopacity comparable with dentine, but its hardness was not comparable with dentine.},
  language  = {en}
}