@article{HeydarianSchweinlinSchwarzetal.2021,
  author    = {Heydarian, Motaharehsadat and Schweinlin, Matthias and Schwarz, Thomas and Rawal, Ravisha and Walles, Heike and Metzger, Marco and Rudel, Thomas and Kozjak-Pavlovic, Vera},
  title     = {Triple co-culture and perfusion bioreactor for studying the interaction between Neisseria gonorrhoeae and neutrophils: A novel 3D tissue model for bacterial infection and immunity},
  series = {Journal of Tissue Engineering},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Journal of Tissue Engineering},
  doi       = {10.1177/2041731420988802},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259032},
  pages     = {2041731420988802},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is characterized by a large number of neutrophils recruited to the site of infection. Therefore, proper modeling of the N. gonorrhoeae interaction with neutrophils is very important for investigating and understanding the mechanisms that gonococci use to evade the immune response. We have used a combination of a unique human 3D tissue model together with a dynamic culture system to study neutrophil transmigration to the site of N. gonorrhoeae infection. The triple co-culture model consisted of epithelial cells (T84 human colorectal carcinoma cells), human primary dermal fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a biological scaffold (SIS). After the infection of the tissue model with N. gonorrhoeae, we introduced primary human neutrophils to the endothelial side of the model using a perfusion-based bioreactor system. By this approach, we were able to demonstrate the activation and transmigration of neutrophils across the 3D tissue model and their recruitment to the site of infection. In summary, the triple co-culture model supplemented by neutrophils represents a promising tool for investigating N. gonorrhoeae and other bacterial infections and interactions with the innate immunity cells under conditions closely resembling the native tissue environment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeydarianRuehlRawaletal.2022,
  author    = {Heydarian, Motaharehsadat and R{\"u}hl, Eva and Rawal, Ravisha and Kozjak-Pavlovic, Vera},
  title     = {Tissue models for Neisseria gonorrhoeae research — from 2D to 3D},
  series = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
  issn      = {2235-2988},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcimb.2022.840122},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-263046},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific pathogen that causes gonorrhea, the second most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Disease progression, drug discovery, and basic host-pathogen interactions are studied using different approaches, which rely on models ranging from 2D cell culture to complex 3D tissues and animals. In this review, we discuss the models used in N. gonorrhoeae research. We address both in vivo (animal) and in vitro cell culture models, discussing the pros and cons of each and outlining the recent advancements in the field of three-dimensional tissue models. From simple 2D monoculture to complex advanced 3D tissue models, we provide an overview of the relevant methodology and its application. Finally, we discuss future directions in the exciting field of 3D tissue models and how they can be applied for studying the interaction of N. gonorrhoeae with host cells under conditions closely resembling those found at the native sites of infection.},
  language  = {en}
}