@phdthesis{Strauch2011, author = {Strauch, Ulrike}, title = {Wassertemperaturbedingte Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen konventioneller thermischer Kraftwerke in Deutschland und die Entwicklung rezenter und zuk{\"u}nftiger Flusswassertemperaturen im Kontext des Klimawandels}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231015}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {XIX, 223}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit werden konventionelle thermische Kraftwerke an deutschen Fl{\"u}ssen identifiziert, bei denen aufgrund hoher Flusswassertemperaturen im Zusammenhang mit wasserrechtlichen Grenzwerten Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen auftraten. Weiterhin wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Wassertemperaturen der Fl{\"u}sse in der Vergangenheit (rezent) entwickelt haben und wie sie sich zuk{\"u}nftig im Kontext des Klimawandels entwickeln k{\"o}nnten. Mittels Literaturrecherche, Medienanalyse und schriftlicher Befragung wurden konventionelle thermische Kraftwerke identifiziert, welche wassertemperaturbedingte Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen verzeichneten. Die meisten dieser Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen zwischen 1976 und 2007 zeigen sich bei großen Kraftwerken mit einer elektrischen Bruttoleistung {\"u}ber 300 Megawatt, bei Steinkohle- und Kernkraftwerken, bei Kraftwerken mit Durchlaufk{\"u}hlung und bei solchen, die zwischen 1960 und 1990 in Betrieb gingen. Trendanalysen interpolierter und homogenisierter, rezenter Wassertemperaturzeitreihen deutscher Fl{\"u}sse ergeben positive Trends v. a. im Fr{\"u}hjahr und Sommer. Die Z{\"a}hlstatistik zeigt in den Jahren 1994, 2003 und 2006 die meisten Tage mit sehr hohen und extrem hohen Wassertemperaturen in den Sommermonaten. In diesen Jahren traten gleichzeitig 63 \% aller identifizierter wassertemperaturbedingter Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen bei Kraftwerken, meist zwischen Juni und August, auf. F{\"u}r die Trendanalysen und den Mittelwertvergleich simulierter zuk{\"u}nftiger Wassertemperaturzeitreihen wurden drei Szenarien - B1, A1B und A2 sowie drei Zukunftsperioden 2011-2040, 2011/2041-2070, 2011/2071-2100 betrachtet. Es ergeben sich f{\"u}r die Zukunftsperiode 2011-2040 des A1B- oder A2-Szenarios in mindestens einem der Sommermonate eine Erw{\"a}rmung und f{\"u}r das B1-Szenario negative oder keine Trends. Die mittleren Wassertemperaturen der Zukunftsperiode 2011-2040 zeigen in allen drei Szenarien gegen{\"u}ber denen der Klimanormalperiode 1961-1990 positive Unterschiede in mindestens einem der Sommermonate. F{\"u}r die beiden sp{\"a}teren Zukunftsperioden bis 2070 bzw. bis 2100 liegen in allen Wassertemperaturzeitreihen der drei Szenarien im Sommer positive Trends bzw. Differenzen gegen{\"u}ber den mittleren Wassertemperaturen der Klimanormalperiode vor. Durch die Synthese der drei Analysen ist erkennbar, dass Isar, Rhein, Neckar, Saar, Elbe und Weser die meisten Kraftwerksstandorte mit wassertemperaturbedingten Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen verzeichnen. Es zeigen sich hier positive Trends sowohl in den rezenten als auch zuk{\"u}nftigen Wassertemperaturen f{\"u}r die Zukunftsperiode 2011-2040 des A1B- und A2-Szenarios in jeweils mindestens einem der Sommermonate. Gegen{\"u}ber den mittleren Wassertemperaturen der Klimanormalperiode liegen f{\"u}r alle drei Szenarien positive Unterschiede der Wassertemperaturen vor. Bei einer Kraftwerkslaufzeit von 40-50 Jahren und einem Kernenergieausstieg 2022 bzw. 2034, werden 48-64 \% bzw. 67-91 \% der Kraftwerke mit wassertemperaturbedingten Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen bis 2022 bzw. 2034 außer Betrieb gehen. Bei einer Laufzeitverl{\"a}ngerung w{\"u}rden nach 2022 f{\"u}nf der elf betroffenen Kernkraftwerke weiter am Netz bleiben. Somit kann es wieder zu wassertemperaturbedingten Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen kommen. In Deutschland sind nach wie vor große Kraftwerke an Fl{\"u}ssen geplant. Deren K{\"u}hlsysteme m{\"u}ssen entsprechend ausgew{\"a}hlt und konstruiert werden, um der zu erwartenden Erh{\"o}hung der Flusstemperaturen Rechnung zu tragen.}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {de} } @article{HeinzEidmannAndersonetal.2023, author = {Heinz, Tizian and Eidmann, Annette and Anderson, Philip and Weißenberger, Manuel and Jakuscheit, Axel and Rudert, Maximilian and Stratos, Ioannis}, title = {Trends in computer-assisted surgery for total knee arthroplasty in Germany: an analysis based on the operative procedure classification system between 2010 to 2021}, series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, volume = {12}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine}, number = {2}, issn = {2077-0383}, doi = {10.3390/jcm12020549}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304879}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Alignment strategies for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have changed significantly over time with a shift towards a more individualized alignment goal. At the same time, computer-assisted surgery (CAS) has gained interest for intraoperative control and accuracy in implant positioning and limb alignment. Despite the often discussed benefits and drawbacks of robotics and navigation for TKA, the routine use of these new devices on a day-to-day basis remains obscure. Therefore, nationwide hospital billing data based on the Operation Procedure Classification System (OPS) were retrieved from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany for the period from 2010 to 2021. OPS codes for primary total knee arthroplasty (OPS code: 5-822*) were further analyzed regarding the usage of computer navigation (additional OPS code: 5-988) or robotic devices (additional OPS code: 5-987). Gender and age at the time of surgery were also assessed. The results show a total of 2,226,559 primary TKAs were implanted between 2010 and 2021, of which 2,044,914 were performed conventionally (91.84\% of all TKAs). A total of 170,276 TKAs were performed using navigation technique (7.65\% of all TKAs) and another 11,369 TKAs were performed using robotics (0.51\% of all TKAs). For the period from 2018 to 2021, a substantial increase in robot-assisted TKA (R-TKA) was observed, with an average increase rate of 84.74\% per year, while the number of navigated TKAs declined (-3.67\% per year). Computer-assisted surgery, and particularly robotics for TKA, are seeing growing popularity and stepwise translation into routine clinical use in Germany, with a steep increase rate of more than 80\% per year since 2018. Nevertheless, the majority of TKAs are still performed using manual instrumentation, rendering conventional TKA the currently unchanged gold standard.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Woltering2011, author = {Woltering, Manuel}, title = {Tourismus und Regionalentwicklung in deutschen Nationalparken: Regionalwirtschaftliche Wirkungsanalyse des Tourismus als Schwerpunkt eines sozio{\"o}konomischen Monitoringsystems}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71898}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Von den drei aktuell in Deutschland zu unterscheidenden Großschutzgebietskategorien Nationalpark, Naturpark und Biosph{\"a}renreservat stellt der Nationalpark gewiss die h{\"o}chsten Anspr{\"u}che an den Naturschutz. Im Idealfall sollen bis zu drei Viertel der betreffenden Fl{\"a}chen g{\"a}nzlich aus der Nutzung genommen werden. Dieser Nutzungsverzicht hat im Vorfeld einer Gebietsausweisung aufgrund der damit verbundenen {\"o}konomischen Einbußen oftmals Bedenken der lokalen Bev{\"o}lkerung gegen{\"u}ber diesem Fl{\"a}chenschutzinstrument zur Folge. Nationalparke k{\"o}nnen jedoch als Attraktionspunkte im Tourismus durchaus zu einer eigenst{\"a}ndigen Entwicklung l{\"a}ndlich-peripherer Regionen beitragen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht deshalb die Strukturen des Tourismus und dessen {\"o}konomischen Stellenwert in den deutschen Nationalparkregionen. Auf Grundlage einer Typisierung der bestehenden vierzehn Gebiete wurden zun{\"a}chst f{\"u}nf Untersuchungsregionen ausgew{\"a}hlt (Bayerischer Wald, Eifel, Hainich, Kellerwald-Edersee sowie Nieders{\"a}chsisches Wattenmeer), f{\"u}r die mittels des nachfrageseitigen Vorgehens einer Wertsch{\"o}pfungsanalyse die regionalwirtschaftlichen Effekte des Tourismus bestimmt wurden. Darauf aufbauend ist schließlich eine Hochrechnung f{\"u}r den gesamtdeutschen Nationalparktourismus durchgef{\"u}hrt worden. Insgesamt halten sich j{\"a}hrlich demnach etwas mehr als 50 Mio. Besucher in den deutschen Nationalparken auf, die einen touristischen Bruttoumsatz von 2,1 Mrd. € generieren. Daraus resultieren Einkommen in H{\"o}he von ungef{\"a}hr 1,1 Mrd. €, woraus sich ein Einkommens{\"a}quivalent von etwas mehr als 69.000 Personen ableitet. F{\"u}r die vor allem aus regionalpolitischer Sicht relevante Besuchergruppe mit hoher Nationalparkaffinit{\"a}t (= National-parktouristen im engeren Sinn) reduzieren sich diese Werte auf rund 11 Mio. Besucher und 431 Mio. € Bruttoumsatz, was ca. 212 Mio. € Einkommen und ein Einkommens{\"a}quivalent von rund 14.000 Personen bewirkt. Diese Resultate auf Ebene der einzelnen Untersuchungsgebiete stellen dabei lediglich den gegenw{\"a}rtigen Status-quo dar, k{\"o}nnen aber als Grundlage f{\"u}r ein dauerhaftes Monitoring dienen. Dazu ist allerdings von Managementseite der Wille f{\"u}r eine kontinuierliche Bewertung nicht nur der {\"o}kologischen, sondern auch der sozio{\"o}konomischen Entwicklung erforderlich. Der aktuelle Forschungsstand zeigt in dieser Hinsicht noch ein enormes Potenzial. Um eine m{\"o}glichst kosteng{\"u}nstige Variante des eingesetzten Verfahrens zur Erfassung der Besucherstrukturen und des Ausgabeverhaltens der Touristen zu konzipieren, werden Vorschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}r eine m{\"o}gliche Reduzierung des empirischen Aufwands ausgearbeitet. Denn angesichts der bestehenden Budgets deutscher Nationalparkverwaltungen muss es Ziel sein, das bisher wissenschaftlich ausgerichtete Instrumentarium der empirischen Erhebungen zu einem praxisnahen und leicht anwendbaren Vorgehen weiter zu entwickeln und damit f{\"u}r einen Monitoringeinsatz f{\"u}r die Verantwortlichen vor Ort zu optimieren. Nur dadurch k{\"o}nn-ten auf objektiver Basis die Entwicklungen im Nationalparktourismus und folglich der Stellenwert der Schutzgebiete als Stimuli der regionalen Entwicklung mittel- bis langfristig beurteilt werden.}, subject = {Nationalpark}, language = {de} } @article{WiedmannHeuschmannHillmannetal.2014, author = {Wiedmann, Silke and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Hillmann, Steffi and Busse, Otto and Wiethoelter, Horst and Walter, Georg M. and Seidel, Guenter and Misselwitz, Bjoern and Janssen, Alfred and Berger, Klaus and Burmeister, Christoph and Matthias, Christine and Kolominsky-Rabas, Peter and Hermanek, Peter}, title = {The Quality of Acute Stroke Care-an Analysis of Evidence-Based Indicators in 260 000 Patients}, series = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt International}, volume = {111}, journal = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt International}, number = {45}, issn = {1866-0452}, doi = {10.3238/arztebl.2014.0759}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114747}, pages = {759-765}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Stroke patients should be cared for in accordance with evidence-based guidelines. The extent of implementation of guidelines for the acute care of stroke patients in Germany has been unclear to date. Methods: The regional quality assurance projects that cooperate in the framework of the German Stroke Registers Study Group (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Schlaganfall-Register, ADSR) collected data on the care of stroke patients in 627 hospitals in 2012. The quality of the acute hospital care of patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) was assessed on the basis of 15 standardized, evidence-based quality indicators and compared across the nine participating regional quality assurance projects. Results: Data were obtained on more than 260 000 patients nationwide. Intravenous thrombolysis was performed in 59.7\% of eligible ischemic stroke patients patients (range among participating projects, 49.7-63.6\%). Dysphagia screening was documented in 86.2\% (range, 74.8-93.1\%). For the following indicators, the defined targets were not reached for all of Germany: antiaggregation within 48 hours, 93.4\% (range, 86.6-96.4\%); anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, 77.6\% (range, 72.4-80.1\%); standardized dysphagia screening, 86.2\% (range, 74.8-93.1\%); oral and written information of the patients or their relatives, 86.1\% (range, 75.4-91.5\%). The rate of patients examined or treated by a speech therapist was in the target range. Conclusion: The defined targets were reached for most of the quality indicators. Some indicators, however, varied widely across regional quality assurance projects. This implies that the standardization of care for stroke patients in Germany has not yet been fully achieved.}, language = {en} } @article{RoseDammGreineretal.2014, author = {Rose, Markus A. and Damm, Oliver and Greiner, Wolfgang and Knuf, Markus and Wutzler, Peter and Liese, Johannes G. and Kr{\"u}ger, Hagen and Wahn, Ulrich and Schaberg, Tom and Schwehm, Markus and Kochmann, Thomas F. and Eichner, Martin}, title = {The epidemiological impact of childhood influenza vaccination using live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in Germany: predictions of a simulation study}, series = {BMC Infectious Diseases}, volume = {14}, journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases}, number = {40}, issn = {1471-2334}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2334-14-40}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117563}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Routine annual influenza vaccination is primarily recommended for all persons aged 60 and above and for people with underlying chronic conditions in Germany. Other countries have already adopted additional childhood influenza immunisation programmes. The objective of this study is to determine the potential epidemiological impact of implementing paediatric influenza vaccination using intranasally administered live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in Germany. Methods: A deterministic age-structured model is used to simulate the population-level impact of different vaccination strategies on the transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in Germany. In our base-case analysis, we estimate the effects of adding a LAIV-based immunisation programme targeting children 2 to 17 years of age to the existing influenza vaccination policy. The data used in the model is based on published evidence complemented by expert opinion. Results: In our model, additional vaccination of children 2 to 17 years of age with LAIV leads to the prevention of 23.9 million influenza infections and nearly 16 million symptomatic influenza cases within 10 years. This reduction in burden of disease is not restricted to children. About one third of all adult cases can indirectly be prevented by LAIV immunisation of children. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that vaccinating children 2-17 years of age is likely associated with a significant reduction in the burden of paediatric influenza. Furthermore, annual routine childhood vaccination against seasonal influenza is expected to decrease the incidence of influenza among adults and older people due to indirect effects of herd protection. In summary, our model provides data supporting the introduction of a paediatric influenza immunisation programme in Germany.}, language = {en} } @article{ReinermannGessnerAsametal.2019, author = {Reinermann, Sophie and Gessner, Ursula and Asam, Sarah and Kuenzer, Claudia and Dech, Stefan}, title = {The Effect of Droughts on Vegetation Condition in Germany: An Analysis Based on Two Decades of Satellite Earth Observation Time Series and Crop Yield Statistics}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {11}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {15}, doi = {10.3390/rs11151783}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225165}, pages = {1783, 1-21}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Central Europe experienced several droughts in the recent past, such as in the year 2018, which was characterized by extremely low rainfall rates and high temperatures, resulting in substantial agricultural yield losses. Time series of satellite earth observation data enable the characterization of past drought events over large temporal and spatial scales. Within this study, Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) (MOD13Q1) 250 m time series were investigated for the vegetation periods of 2000 to 2018. The spatial and temporal development of vegetation in 2018 was compared to other dry and hot years in Europe, like the drought year 2003. Temporal and spatial inter- and intra-annual patterns of EVI anomalies were analyzed for all of Germany and for its cropland, forest, and grassland areas individually. While vegetation development in spring 2018 was above average, the summer months of 2018 showed negative anomalies in a similar magnitude as in 2003, which was particularly apparent within grassland and cropland areas in Germany. In contrast, the year 2003 showed negative anomalies during the entire growing season. The spatial pattern of vegetation status in 2018 showed high regional variation, with north-eastern Germany mainly affected in June, north-western parts in July, and western Germany in August. The temporal pattern of satellite-derived EVI deviances within the study period 2000-2018 were in good agreement with crop yield statistics for Germany. The study shows that the EVI deviation of the summer months of 2018 were among the most extreme in the study period compared to other years. The spatial pattern and temporal development of vegetation condition between the drought years differ.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Goldan2020, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Goldan, Lea}, title = {The Early Career Gender Pay Gap among Doctoral Graduates in Germany}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-21634}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216347}, pages = {24}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Previous research has shown that female doctoral graduates earn less than male doctoral graduates; how-ever, the determinants of this gender pay gap remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this paper investigates the determinants of the early career gender pay gap among doctoral graduates in Germany. By relying on effects on the supply and demand sides and feedback between them, I theoretically derive determinants of the gender pay gap that comprise doctoral and occupational characteristics. Using data from a representative German panel study of the 2014 doctoral graduation cohort, I analyse the gender pay gap two years after graduation. I apply linear regression on the logarithmic gross monthly earnings and Oaxaca-Blinder de-composition to examine the explanatory contribution of the determinants to the gender pay gap. The anal-yses reveal that female graduates earn 27.2 \% less than male graduates two years after graduation. Male graduates being paid a premium outside academia partly drives this gender pay gap. The considered deter-minants largely explain the overall gender pay gap, the most important determinants being working hours, doctoral subject, industry, professional experience gained after graduation, company size, and academic employment. The results offer new insights on the determinants of the early career gender pay gap among doctoral graduates and thereby shed light on one dimension of gender inequalities in post-doctoral careers.}, subject = {Doktor}, language = {en} } @article{AppelHardaker2021, author = {Appel, Alexandra and Hardaker, Sina}, title = {Strategies in Times of Pandemic Crisis — Retailers and Regional Resilience in W{\"u}rzburg, Germany}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {5}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su13052643}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233991}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Research on the COVID-19 crisis and its implications on regional resilience is still in its infancy. To understand resilience on its aggregate level it is important to identify (non)resilient actions of individual actors who comprise regions. As the retail sector among others represents an important factor in an urban regions recovery, we focus on the resilience of (textile) retailers within the city of W{\"u}rzburg in Germany to the COVID-19 pandemic. To address the identified research gap, this paper applies the concept of resilience. Firstly, conducting expert interviews, the individual (textile) retailers' level and their strategies in coping with the crisis is considered. Secondly, conducting a contextual analysis of the German city of W{\"u}rzburg, we wish to contribute to the discussion of how the resilience of a region is influenced inter alia by actors. Our study finds three main strategies on the individual level, with retailers: (1) intending to "bounce back" to a pre-crisis state, (2) reorganising existing practices, as well as (3) closing stores and winding up business. As at the time of research, no conclusions regarding long-term impacts and resilience are possible, the results are limited. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of retailers' strategies contributes to a better understanding of regional resilience.}, language = {en} } @article{HellenbrandClausSchinketal.2016, author = {Hellenbrand, Wiebke and Claus, Heike and Schink, Susanne and Marcus, Ulrich and Wichmann, Ole and Vogel, Ulrich}, title = {Risk of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Lessons Learned from an Outbreak in Germany, 2012-2013}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {11}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0160126}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166842}, pages = {e0160126}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background We undertook investigations in response to an invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreak in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin 2012-2013 to better understand meningococcal transmission and IMD risk in MSM. Methods We retrospectively searched for further IMD cases in MSM in Germany through local health departments and undertook exploratory interviews. We performed antigen sequence typing, characterized fHbp and aniA genes of strains with the outbreak finetype and reviewed epidemiologically or spatiotemporally linked cases from 2002-2014. Results Among the 148 IMD-cases notified from 01.01.2012-30.09.2013 in 18-59 year-old men we identified 13 MSM in 6 federal states: 11 serogroup C (MenC, all finetype C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6), 2 MenB. Interviews with 7 MSM revealed frequent meeting of multiple partners online or via mobile apps and illicit drug use as potential risk factors. MenC incidence was 13-fold higher in MSM than non-MSM. MenC isolates from 9/11 MSM had a novel fHbp allele 766. All C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains from MSM versus 16/23 from non-MSM had intact aniA genes (p = 0.04). Although definitive evidence for transmission among MSM in epidemiological or spatiotemporal clusters in 2002-2014 was lacking, clusters were more frequent in men aged 20-49 years. Molecular analysis of C:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6 strains revealed cases with intact aniA since 2007, mainly associated with fHbp361, fHbp766 and fHbp813, all involving one or more MSM. Conclusions MenC incidence was elevated in MSM during the study period. Multiple casual sexual contacts and illicit drug use were common in affected MSM. In all strains from MSM we detected an intact aniA gene coding for a nitrite reductase, which permits survival in microanaerobic environments and could play a role in meningococcal transmission in MSM through urogenital colonization. Furthermore, meningococcal transmission among MSM may be sustained over large areas and thus require modified spatiotemporal scanning algorithms for timely detection and control.}, language = {en} } @article{DuskeClausKroneetal.2024, author = {Duske, Helene and Claus, Heike and Krone, Manuel and L{\^a}m, Thi{\^e}n-Tr{\´i}}, title = {Prevalence of piperacillin/tazobactam resistance in invasive \(Haemophilus\) \(influenzae\) in Germany}, series = {JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance}, volume = {6}, journal = {JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance}, number = {1}, issn = {2632-1823}, doi = {10.1093/jacamr/dlad148}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350424}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Background Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) is a Gram-negative bacterium that may cause sepsis or meningitis, treatment of which mainly includes β-lactam antibiotics. Since 2019 EUCAST breakpoints for piperacillin/tazobactam have been available. Little is known about the prevalence and mechanisms of piperacillin/tazobactam resistance in Hi. Objectives To provide reliable prevalence data for piperacillin/tazobactam resistance in Hi in Germany, to evaluate different antibiotic susceptibility testing methods and to examine possible resistance mechanisms. Methods According to EUCAST breakpoints, the MIC for piperacillin/tazobactam resistance is >0.25 mg/L. All invasive Hi in Germany from 2019 were examined by gradient agar diffusion (GAD) for piperacillin/tazobactam susceptibility. Piperacillin/tazobactam broth microdilution (BMD), piperacillin GAD on tazobactam-containing agar [piperacillin GAD on Mueller-Hinton agar with horse blood (MH-F)/tazobactam) and piperacillin/tazobactam agar dilution (AD) were used for confirmation. Phenotypic testing was complemented by ftsI sequencing. Results Piperacillin/tazobactam GAD resulted in 2.9\% (21/726) resistant Hi. BMD did not confirm piperacillin/tazobactam resistance. Two strains were found resistant by AD, of which one was also resistant using piperacillin GAD on MH-F/tazobactam. Overall, we found two strains with a piperacillin/tazobactam MIC >0.25 mg/L in at least two different tests (0.3\%). Both were β-lactamase-producing amoxicillin/clavulanate-resistant with PBP3 mutations characterized as group III-like+. Relevant PBP3 mutations occurred in six strains without phenotypic piperacillin/tazobactam resistance. These mutations suggest a reduced efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics in these isolates. Conclusions Piperacillin/tazobactam resistance prevalence in invasive Hi is low in Germany. Reduced susceptibility was correlated with PBP3 mutations, in particular with group III mutations.}, language = {en} } @article{RueckerKeilFitzgeraldetal.2016, author = {R{\"u}cker, Viktoria and Keil, Ulrich and Fitzgerald, Anthony P and Malzahn, Uwe and Prugger, Christof and Ertl, Georg and Heuschmann, Peter U and Neuhauser, Hannelore}, title = {Predicting 10-Year Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Disease in Germany: An Update Based on the SCORE-Deutschland Risk Charts}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {11}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0162188}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166804}, pages = {e0162188}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Estimation of absolute risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), preferably with population-specific risk charts, has become a cornerstone of CVD primary prevention. Regular recalibration of risk charts may be necessary due to decreasing CVD rates and CVD risk factor levels. The SCORE risk charts for fatal CVD risk assessment were first calibrated for Germany with 1998 risk factor level data and 1999 mortality statistics. We present an update of these risk charts based on the SCORE methodology including estimates of relative risks from SCORE, risk factor levels from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008-11 (DEGS1) and official mortality statistics from 2012. Competing risks methods were applied and estimates were independently validated. Updated risk charts were calculated based on cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure risk factor levels, sex and 5-year age-groups. The absolute 10-year risk estimates of fatal CVD were lower according to the updated risk charts compared to the first calibration for Germany. In a nationwide sample of 3062 adults aged 40-65 years free of major CVD from DEGS1, the mean 10-year risk of fatal CVD estimated by the updated charts was lower by 29\% and the estimated proportion of high risk people (10-year risk > = 5\%) by 50\% compared to the older risk charts. This recalibration shows a need for regular updates of risk charts according to changes in mortality and risk factor levels in order to sustain the identification of people with a high CVD risk.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wang2010, author = {Wang, Chenxing}, title = {Praktisches Bewertungsmodell von Umwelt- und Klimaschutzaspekten f{\"u}r die Nutzung von Biogas im deutsch-chinesischen Vergleich}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-49428}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {In den Themenbereichen Klimawandel, Klimaschutz und Erneuerbare Energien wurden in den letzten Jahren zunehmend neue Bewertungsmethoden in der geowissenschaftlichen und umweltwissenschaftlichen Forschung eingesetzt. Mit Blick auf die Biogasnutzung kann festgestellt werden, dass diese aus Umwelt- und Klimaschutzgr{\"u}nden sehr wichtig ist, da die Verg{\"a}rung von Biomasse mit der nachfolgenden indirekten Erzeugung von Strom und W{\"a}rme {\"u}ber Blockheizkraftwerke, bzw. der direkten Nutzung des Biogases als Feuerungsgas bzw. als Treibstoff , einen besonderen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leistet. In Deutschland ist die Biogasnutzung heute einer der wichtigsten Erneuerbaren Energietr{\"a}ger geworden. In China hat die Biogasnutzung zudem ein riesiges Entwicklungspotenzial. Der Autor versucht, im interdisziplin{\"a}ren Themenkreis „Umwelt- und Klimaschutz" ein Bewertungsmodell f{\"u}r die Biogasnutzung zu entwickeln, um die tats{\"a}chlichen und potentiellen umwelt- und klimaschutzrelevanten Auswirkungen der Biogasnutzung zu bewerten. Um das Bewertungsmodell f{\"u}r die Biogasnutzung nach Umwelt- und Klimaschutzaspekten m{\"o}glichst umfassend zu entwickeln, ist die Verzahnung der interdisziplin{\"a}ren umweltwissenschaftlichen, geowissenschaftlichen, rechtlichen, sowie lokal-, national- und internationalen politischen sowie technischen Faktoren mit ihren umweltbezogenen und klimabezogenen Auswirkungen von h{\"o}chster Bedeutung. Das in der vorliegenden Arbeit entwickelte Bewertungsmodell erhebt den Anspruch, f{\"u}r den praktischen Einsatz vor Ort tauglich zu sein. Hierzu wurden umwelt- und klimaschutzrechtliche, sowie nationale und internationale politische Anforderungen zur Kategorisierung und Bewertung herangezogen und damit die Durchf{\"u}hrbarkeit gew{\"a}hrleistet. Der L{\"o}sungsweg zur Bewertung nach Umwelt- und Klimaschutzaspekten f{\"u}hrt zum Einen {\"u}ber die Umwelt- und Klimaschutzbilanzierung und zum Anderen {\"u}ber eine Umweltrisikobewertung sowie eine umweltbezogene Standortbewertung. Anhand der praktischen Arbeit und der Analyse von insgesamt 23 Biogasprojekten aus Deutschland und China, konnten bestimmte Charakteristika der Biogasnutzung ermittelt werden. F{\"u}r die Ermittlung der Bewertungskriterien des Bewertungsmodells wurden insgesamt 3 Themenbereiche (Teil I: Substratversorgung; Teil II: Biogasanlagenbau; Teil III: Biogasverwertung) der Biogasnutzung unterschieden. Jene wurden hinsichtlich der technischen, rechtlichen und politischen Kriterien nach negativen Umwelt- und Klimaschutzauswirkungen {\"u}ber die verschiedenen Belastungspfade der Umweltmedien (Boden, Wasser und Luft) untersucht. Ziel dieser Studie war es auch, durch die Anwendung des Bewertungsmodells auf je drei deutsche und chinesische Fallbeispiele, die ausgereiften deutschen Erfahrungen, die deutsche Technologie und das Know-How der Biogasnutzung auf deren {\"U}bertragbarkeit auf die chinesischen Verh{\"a}ltnisse zu pr{\"u}fen.}, subject = {Klimaschutz}, language = {de} } @article{WallmannSperlichFroboese2014, author = {Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Froboese, Ingo}, title = {Physical Activity during Work, Transport and Leisure in Germany - Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0112333}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-113648}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background This study aimed 1) to provide data estimates concerning overall moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) as well as MVPA during work, transport and leisure in Germany and 2) to investigate MVPA and possible associations with socio-demographic correlates. Methods A cross-sectional telephone survey interviewed 2248 representative participants in the age of 18-65 years (1077 men; 42.4±13.4 years; body mass index: 25.3±4.5kg•m-2) regarding their self-reported physical activity across Germany. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to investigate MVPA during work, transport and leisure and questions were answered concerning their demographics. MVPA was stratified by gender, age, body mass index, residential setting, educational and income level. To identify socio-demographic correlates of overall MVPA as well as in the domains, we used a series of linear regressions. Results 52.8\% of the sample achieved physical activity recommendations (53.7\% men/52.1\% women). Overall MVPA was highest in the age group 18-29 years (p<.05), in participants with 10 years of education (p<.05) and in participants with lowest income levels <1.500€ (p<.05). Regression analyses revealed that age, education and income were negatively associated with overall and work MVPA. Residential setting and education was positively correlated with transport MVPA, whereas income level was negatively associated with transport MVPA. Education was the only correlate for leisure MVPA with a positive association. Conclusions The present data underlines the importance of a comprehensive view on physical activity engagement according to the different physical activity domains and discloses a need for future physical activity interventions that consider socio-demographic variables, residential setting as well as the physical activity domain in Germany.}, language = {en} } @article{WallmannSperlichFroboeseSchantz2014, author = {Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Froboese, Ingo and Schantz, Peter}, title = {Physical Activity and the Perceived Neighbourhood Environment - Looking at the Association the Other Way Around}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {11}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {8}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph110808093}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119441}, pages = {8093-8111}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The association between physical activity (PA) and variables of the perceived environment mainly originate from cross-sectional studies that introduced the idea that the environment influences the PA level of residents. However, the direction of cause and effect has not been solved with finality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether residents' perception of their proximate environment differs depending on their level of PA in transport and recreation. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with residents of six different parts of the city of Cologne, Germany. The sample of 470 adults (52.8\% females; mean age = 35.5 ± 13.8 years) filled in the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), as well as the European Environmental Questionnaire ALPHA. To distinguish between residents with "low" and "high" PA, we split the samples into two on the basis of the specific median in transport- and recreation-related PA. In the "high" vs. "low" PA group of the overall sample, we noted 4\%-16\% more "PA favourable" environmental perceptions in seven of the 15 environmental variables. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate associations of socio-demographic correlates and transport- and recreation-related PA on the dependent variables of the environmental perception. In this case, levels of PA were significant predictors for eight of the 15 items concerning environmental perceptions. Thus, the present study introduces the idea that residents with higher levels of transport and recreational PA may perceive their environment in a more "PA-favourable" way than residents with lower levels.}, language = {en} } @article{Ibebuchi2022, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie}, title = {Patterns of atmospheric circulation in Western Europe linked to heavy rainfall in Germany: preliminary analysis into the 2021 heavy rainfall episode}, series = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology}, volume = {148}, journal = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology}, number = {1-2}, issn = {0177-798X}, doi = {10.1007/s00704-022-03945-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324100}, pages = {269-283}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The July 2021 heavy rainfall episode in parts of Western Europe caused devastating floods, specifically in Germany. This study examines circulation types (CTs) linked to extreme precipitation in Germany. It was investigated if the classified CTs can highlight the anomaly in synoptic patterns that contributed to the unusual July 2021 heavy rainfall in Germany. The North Atlantic Oscillation was found to be the major climatic mode related to the seasonal and inter-annual variations of most of the classified CTs. On average, wet (dry) conditions in large parts of Germany can be linked to westerly (northerly) moisture fluxes. During spring and summer seasons, the mid-latitude cyclone when located over the North Sea disrupts onshore moisture transport from the North Atlantic Ocean by westerlies driven by the North Atlantic subtropical anticyclone. The CT found to have the highest probability of being associated with above-average rainfall in large part of Germany features (i) enhancement and northward track of the cyclonic system over the Mediterranean; (ii) northward track of the North Atlantic anticyclone, further displacing poleward, the mid-latitude cyclone over the North Sea, enabling band of westerly moisture fluxes to penetrate Germany; (iii) cyclonic system over the Baltic Sea coupled with northeast fluxes of moisture to Germany; (iv) and unstable atmospheric conditions over Germany. In 2021, a spike was detected in the amplitude and frequency of occurrence of the aforementioned wet CT suggesting that in addition to the nearly stationary cut-off low over central Europe, during the July flood episode, anomalies in the CT contributed to the heavy rainfall event.}, language = {en} } @article{JobBittlingmaierMayeretal.2021, author = {Job, Hubert and Bittlingmaier, Sarah and Mayer, Marius and von Ruschkowski, Eick and Woltering, Manuel}, title = {Park-People Relationships: The Socioeconomic Monitoring of National Parks in Bavaria, Germany}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {16}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su13168984}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245061}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Questions about park-people relationships and the understanding and handling of the conflicts that may result from the creation and management of national parks in the surrounding area are prerequisites for both successful park management and sustainable rural tourism development. This paper analyzes the roles that research may play in relation to park-people relationships in the context of the two oldest German national parks located in Bavaria. The different fields of action of national parks are used to identify the potential for conflict, using detailed case studies from the Bavarian Forest and Berchtesgaden National Parks using quantitative population surveys carried out in 2018. The overall attitude towards both national parks is overwhelmingly positive, with trust towards park administrations and the perceived economic benefits from rural tourism being the attitudes most strongly correlated to the overall level of park-people relationships. Nevertheless, some points of contention still exist, like the ecological integrity approach towards strict nature conservation and related landscape changes (e.g., deadwood cover). A comparison over time shows in both cases that the spatial proximity to the protected area negatively influences people's attitudes towards the parks, but less so than in the past. Recommendations for national park management include communicating proactively and with greater transparency with locals and decision-makers, to identify conflicts earlier and, where possible, to eliminate them. Furthermore, developing a standardized method to monitor park-people relationships in Germany is a must and would benefit integrated approaches in research and management based on conservation social science.}, language = {en} } @article{IbebuchiSchoenbeinPaeth2022, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie and Sch{\"o}nbein, Daniel and Paeth, Heiko}, title = {On the added value of statistical post-processing of regional climate models to identify homogeneous patterns of summer rainfall anomalies in Germany}, series = {Climate Dynamics}, volume = {59}, journal = {Climate Dynamics}, number = {9-10}, issn = {0930-7575}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-022-06258-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324122}, pages = {2769-2783}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A fuzzy classification scheme that results in physically interpretable meteorological patterns associated with rainfall generation is applied to classify homogeneous regions of boreal summer rainfall anomalies in Germany. Four leading homogeneous regions are classified, representing the western, southeastern, eastern, and northern/northwestern parts of Germany with some overlap in the central parts of Germany. Variations of the sea level pressure gradient across Europe, e.g., between the continental and maritime regions, is the major phenomenon that triggers the time development of the rainfall regions by modulating wind patterns and moisture advection. Two regional climate models (REMO and CCLM4) were used to investigate the capability of climate models to reproduce the observed summer rainfall regions. Both regional climate models (RCMs) were once driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis and once by the MPI-ESM general circulation model (GCM). Overall, the RCMs exhibit good performance in terms of the regionalization of summer rainfall in Germany; though the goodness-of-match with the rainfall regions/patterns from observational data is low in some cases and the REMO model driven by MPI-ESM fails to reproduce the western homogeneous rainfall region. Under future climate change, virtually the same leading modes of summer rainfall occur, suggesting that the basic synoptic processes associated with the regional patterns remain the same over Germany. We have also assessed the added value of bias-correcting the MPI-ESM driven RCMs using a simple linear scaling approach. The bias correction does not significantly alter the identification of homogeneous rainfall regions and, hence, does not improve their goodness-of-match compared to the observed patterns, except for the one case where the original RCM output completely fails to reproduce the observed pattern. While the linear scaling method improves the basic statistics of precipitation, it does not improve the simulated meteorological patterns represented by the precipitation regimes.}, language = {en} } @article{DrenckhahnGottschlichZonneveld2023, author = {Drenckhahn, Detlev and Gottschlich, G{\"u}nter and Zonneveld, Ben}, title = {Neubeschreibungen und 2C-Werte von Pilosella macranthela subsp. silvae-pici (Spessart-Mausohrhabichtskraut) und Pilosella ottonis (Otto-Mausohrhabichtskraut) mit einer {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber das Vorkommen von P. macranthela-Taxa in Bayern.}, series = {Forum Geobotanicum}, volume = {11}, journal = {Forum Geobotanicum}, issn = {1867-9315}, doi = {10.3264/FG.2023.1114}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-344797}, pages = {21-34}, year = {2023}, abstract = {A pentaploid taxon from the Pilosella macranthela group was discovered in Lower Franconia/Bavaria which is newly described here as P. macranthela subsp. sylvae-pici. It grows mainly in the Bavarian Bunter Spessart and occurs with three small, isolated stands also in the limestone area of the Main valley and Tauber area. Its habit of growth is intermediate between the furcata and laxicephala types of Pilosellae with epigeal and partly hypogeal stolons and a tendency to form clusters. The upper and lower surfaces of the rosette leaves have stellate hairs. The peduncles and the phyllaries are densely covered with dark glandular hairs with yellowish glandular heads. The lateral teeth of the ligules often are separated by incisions. A tetra- und pentaploid transitional taxon between P. macranthela subsp. sylvae-pici and P. officinarum is described as P. ottonis. P. ottonis is tetra- and pentaploid with up to 7 capitula. It is densely covered with dark stalk glands on phyllaries and resembles forms of P. acutifolia in habit. The phyllaries of P. ottonis are covered with numerous epidermal papillae with a diameter of about 10-20 μm and in this aspect resemble P. macranthela subsp. sylvae-pici and P. glomerata. However, in P. officinarum epidermal papillae are absent. Plants of genetically heterogeneous tetra- and heptaploid P. macranthela have been found outside the Spessart as spontaneous hybrids between P. glomerata and P. officinarum and also occur sporadically without P. glomerata in the vicinity.}, subject = {Habichtskraut}, language = {de} } @article{KoehlerReeseHendricksetal.2022, author = {K{\"o}hler, Franziska and Reese, Lena and Hendricks, Anne and Kastner, Carolin and M{\"u}ller, Sophie and Lock, Johan F. and Germer, Christoph-Thomas and Wiegering, Armin}, title = {Low-grade mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) of the appendix in Germany between 2011 and 2018: a nationwide analysis based on data provided by the German Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD) at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI)}, series = {Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery}, volume = {407}, journal = {Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1007/s00423-022-02639-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323919}, pages = {3615-3622}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Introduction Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) are semi-malignant tumors of the appendix which are incidentally found in up to 1\% of appendectomy specimen. To this day, no valid descriptive analysis on LAMN is available for the German population. Methods Data of LAMN (ICD-10: D37.3) were collected from the population-based cancer registries in Germany, provided by the German Center for Cancer Registry Data (Zentrum f{\"u}r Krebsregisterdaten—ZfKD). Data was anonymized and included gender, age at diagnosis, tumor staging according to the TNM-classification, state of residence, information on the performed therapy, and survival data. Results A total of 612 cases were reported to the ZfKD between 2011 and 2018. A total of 63.07\% were female and 36.93\% were male. Great inhomogeneity in reporting cases was seen in the federal states of Germany including the fact that some federal states did not report any cases at all. Age distribution showed a mean age of 62.03 years (SD 16.15) at diagnosis. However, data on tumor stage was only available in 24.86\% of cases (n = 152). A total of 49.34\% of these patients presented with a T4-stage. Likewise, information regarding performed therapy was available in the minority of patients: 269 patients received surgery, 22 did not and for 312 cases no information was available. Twenty-four patients received chemotherapy, 188 did not, and for 400 cases, no information was available. Overall 5-year survival was estimated at 79.52\%. Patients below the age of 55 years at time of diagnosis had a significantly higher 5-year survival rate compared to patients above the age of 55 years (85.77\% vs. 73.27\%). Discussion In this study, we observed an incidence of LAMN in 0.13\% of all appendectomy specimen in 2018. It seems likely that not all cases were reported to the ZfKD; therefore, case numbers may be considered underestimated. Age and gender distribution goes in line with international studies with females being predominantly affected. Especially regarding tumor stage and therapy in depth information cannot be provided through the ZfKD-database. This data analysis emphasizes the need for further studies and the need for setting up a specialized registry for this unique tumor entity to develop guidelines for the appropriate treatment and follow-up.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schumm2009, author = {Schumm, Irene}, title = {Lessons Learned From Germany's 2001-2006 Labor Market Reforms}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43705}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2009}, abstract = {In der Dissertation werden die Gesetze zur Reform des Arbeitsmarktes in Deutschland, besser bekannt als Hartz-Reformen, untersucht. Zun{\"a}chst wird ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die wichtigsten {\"A}nderungen aus den vier Reform-Paketen gegeben sowie die Effekte, welche man sich davon versprach. Des Weiteren werden zwei grundlegende Reformmaßnahmen, n{\"a}mlich die Zusammenlegung der Arbeitslosen- und Sozialhilfe (Hartz IV) sowie die Verk{\"u}rzung der Bezugsdauer der Arbeitslosenversicherungsleistung, analysiert, um deren Auswirkungen auf das individuelle Verhalten und die aggregierte {\"O}konomie zu evaluieren. Diese Untersuchung geschieht im Rahmen eines Matching-Modells mit optimaler verweildauerabh{\"a}ngiger Suchleistung. Mit Hilfe von Semi-Markov-Methoden, deren Anwendung in der Arbeitsmarkttheorie beschrieben wird, findet schließlich eine Aggregierung statt. Auf diese Weise k{\"o}nnen die Auswirkungen der Hartz-IV-Reformen auf die Verweildauer in Arbeitslosigkeit, die optimale Suchleistung und die Arbeitslosigkeit quantifiziert werden.}, subject = {Hartz-Reform}, language = {en} }