@article{HergetBoetzl2021,
  author    = {Herget, Ann-Kristin and B{\"o}tzl, Franziska},
  title     = {Sounds Like Respect. The Impact of Background Music on the Acceptance of Gay Men in Audio-Visual Advertising},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645533},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237236},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Companies increasingly seek to use gay protagonists in audio-visual commercials to attract a new affluent target group. There is also growing demand for the diversity present in society to be reflected in media formats such as advertising. Studies have shown, however, that heterosexual consumers (especially men), who may be part of the company's loyal consumer base, tend to react negatively to gay-themed advertising campaigns. Searching for an instrument to mitigate this unwanted effect, the present study investigated whether carefully selected background music can shape the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects online experiment (musical connotation × gender of the participant), 218 heterosexual participants watched a commercial promoting engagement rings that featured gay male protagonists, scored with feminine- or masculine-connoted background music. As expected, women generally reacted more positively than men to the advertising. Men exposed to the masculine-connoted background music rated the promoted brand more positively, and masculine music also enhanced (at least in the short term) these men's acceptance of gay men in general (low and medium effect sizes) more than was the case for feminine background music. Carefully selected background music affecting the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists may prevent negative reactions from heterosexual audiences and, therefore, motivate companies to use gay protagonists in television commercials on a more regular basis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WalterGrussNeidlingeretal.2020,
  author    = {Walter, Steffen and Gruss, Sascha and Neidlinger, Jana and Stross, Isabelle and Hann, Alexander and Wagner, Martin and Seufferlein, Thomas and Walter, Benjamin},
  title     = {Evaluation of an Objective Measurement Tool for Stress Level Reduction by Individually Chosen Music During Colonoscopy—Results From the Study "ColoRelaxTone"},
  series = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmed.2020.00525},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212337},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background and Aims: Colonoscopy as standard procedure in endoscopy is often perceived as uncomfortable for patients. Patient's anxiety is therefore a significant issue, which often lead to avoidance of participation of relevant examinations as CRC-screening. Non-pharmacological anxiety management interventions such as music might contribute to relaxation in the phase prior and during endoscopy. Although music's anxiolytic effects have been reported previously, no objective measurement of stress level reduction has been reported yet. Focus of this study was to evaluate the objective measurement of the state of relaxation in patients undergoing colonoscopy. Methods: Prospective study (n = 196) performed at one endoscopic high-volume center. Standard colonoscopy was performed in control group. Interventional group received additionally self-chosen music over earphones. Facial Electromyography (fEMG) activity was obtained. Clinician Satisfaction with Sedation Instrument (CSSI) and Patients Satisfaction with Sedation Instrument (PSSI) was answered by colonoscopists and patients, respectively. Overall satisfaction with music accompanied colonoscopy was obtained if applicable. Results: Mean difference measured by fEMG via musculus zygomaticus major indicated a significantly lower stress level in the music group [7.700(±5.560) μV vs. 4.820(±3.330) μV; p = 0.001]. Clinician satisfaction was significantly higher with patients listening to music [82.69(±15.04) vs. 87.3(±15.02) pts.; p = 0.001]. Patient's satisfaction was higher but did not differ significantly. Conclusions: We conclude that self-chosen music contributes objectively to a reduced stress level for patients and therefore subjectively perceived satisfaction for endoscopists. Therefore, music should be considered as a non-pharmacological treatment method of distress reduction especially in the beginning of endoscopic procedures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerBrillHagenetal.2012,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Joachim and Brill, Stefan and Hagen, Rudolf and Moeltner, Alexander and Brockmeier, Steffi-Johanna and Stark, Thomas and Helbig, Silke and Maurer, Jan and Zahnert, Thomas and Zierhofer, Clemens and Nopp, Peter and Anderson, Ilona},
  title     = {Clinical Trial Results with the MED-EL Fine Structure Processing Coding Strategy in Experienced Cochlear Implant Users},
  series = {ORL},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {ORL},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {0301-1569},
  doi       = {10.1159/000337089},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196396},
  pages     = {185-198},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Objectives: To assess the subjective and objective performance of the new fine structure processing strategy (FSP) compared to the previous generation coding strategies CIS+ and HDCIS. Methods: Forty-six adults with a minimum of 6 months of cochlear implant experience were included. CIS+, HDCIS and FSP were compared in speech perception tests in noise, pitch scaling and questionnaires. The randomized tests were performed acutely (interval 1) and again after 3 months of FSP experience (interval 3). The subjective evaluation included questionnaire 1 at intervals 1 and 3, and questionnaire 2 at interval 2, 1 month after interval 1. Results: Comparison between FSP and CIS+ showed that FSP performed at least as well as CIS+ in all speech perception tests, and outperformed CIS+ in vowel and monosyllabic word discrimination. Comparison between FSP and HDCIS showed that both performed equally well in all speech perception tests. Pitch scaling showed that FSP performed at least as well as HDCIS. With FSP, sound quality was at least as good and often better than with HDCIS. Conclusions: Results indicate that FSP performs better than CIS+ in vowel and monosyllabic word understanding. Subjective evaluation demonstrates strong user preferences for FSP when listening to speech and music.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{VonRotenhan2010,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Von Rotenhan, Monika},
  title     = {Singen im Alterungsprozess - eine explorative Studie in der Altersgruppe 50+},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65265},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Der demographische Wandel Deutschlands, der in zunehmender Lebenserwartung und zur{\"u}ckgehender Geburtenrate begr{\"u}ndet ist, erfordert ein Umdenken bez{\"u}glich vorhandener Strukturen im Gesellschaftssystem, damit den Herausforderungen einer {\"u}beralterten Bev{\"o}lkerung begegnet werden kann. Die sp{\"a}te Lebensphase ist h{\"a}ufig durch Multimorbidit{\"a}t gekennzeichnet und stellt damit enorme Belastungen f{\"u}r das Gesundheitssystem dar; Pr{\"a}vention und Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung r{\"u}cken dadurch mehr in den Mittelpunkt. Neben dem Fachgebiet der Musiktherapie befasst sich auch das Fach Musikp{\"a}dagogik mit den Wirkungen des aktiven und passiven Musik-Erlebens. In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es um zwei zentrale Fragestellungen: 1. Kann Singen im Chor in der Altersgruppe 50+ einen Beitrag in der Pr{\"a}vention und Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung leisten, so dass gute Grundlagen f{\"u}r einen gelingenden Alterungsprozess gelegt werden? 2. Haben Senioren Potential, um auch nach dem Renteneintrittsalter einen gesellschaftlichen Beitrag zu leisten und so die {\"o}ffentlichen Kassen zu entlasten? Es wurden 189 aktive S{\"a}ngern und S{\"a}ngerinnen der Altersgruppe 50+ aus acht verschiedenen Ch{\"o}ren befragt. Nach Empfehlungen zur F{\"o}rderung eines positiven Alterungsprozesses wurden folgende Aspekte untersucht: • F{\"o}rderung der Selbstsicherheit • Training der Kognition und Mobilit{\"a}t • Bew{\"a}ltigung von Lebenskrisen • Reflektorischer Umgang mit Einbußen und F{\"o}rderung der F{\"a}higkeit zur Kompensation • soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung • Lebensmut • Austausch mit Gleichgesinnten (Walter, 2006, S.32). Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde nach der Bereitschaft gefragt, sich ehrenamtlich in Erziehungswesen und Seniorenarbeit zu investieren. Die Ergebnisse best{\"a}tigten die Annahme, dass Singen im Chor dazu beitragen kann, dass Bereiche gest{\"a}rkt werden, die grundlegend f{\"u}r einen gelingenden Alterungsprozess sind. Auch erkl{\"a}rte sich die H{\"a}lfte der befragten Chors{\"a}nger dazu bereit einen Beitrag im Bereich der Kinder- und Seniorenarbeit zu leisten. Durch das Singen in der Gemeinschaft wirken die positiven physischen und psychischen Auswirkungen des Singens mit den sozialen Effekten des Gruppenerlebens zusammen. Auftritte in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit erm{\"o}glichen es den Chormitgliedern Kompetenz zu zeigen und ihre Selbstsicherheit zu st{\"a}rken. Zielsetzung der Prim{\"a}rpr{\"a}vention ist es, Aktionen und Verhaltens{\"a}nderungen zu f{\"o}rdern, bevor sich Einschr{\"a}nkungen bemerkbar machen. Die h{\"a}ufig fehlende Eigenmotivation hierzu wird durch die nat{\"u}rliche Freude am Singen und durch die Gruppendynamik kompensiert. Singfreudige Senioren k{\"o}nnen die Bem{\"u}hung um eine immer wieder geforderte Alltagskultur des Singens durch Mitarbeit in Erziehung und Bildung unterst{\"u}tzen. Dies w{\"a}re im Sinne von Kocka, der schreibt: „Um die wachsende Zahl gesunder, im Grunde leistungsf{\"a}higer, partizipationsbereiter Alter angemessen einbeziehen zu k{\"o}nnen, und zwar sowohl im Interesse ihrer Lebensqualit{\"a}t als auch im Interesse der Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der Gesellschaft, ist es notwendig umzubauen, die {\"u}berlieferten Strukturen der Gesellschaft zu weiten, zu lockern, zu revidieren" (Kocka, 2008, S.231). Ergebnisse aus der Literaturrecherche und der Befragung zeigen ein vielversprechendes Forschungsfeld. Weitere Untersuchungen und die {\"o}ffentliche Diskussion k{\"o}nnten dazu f{\"u}hren, dass mit der zunehmenden Entwicklung eines gesundheitsbewussten Lebensstils das Singen im Chor in Zukunft wieder mehr Beachtung finden und auch vom Gesundheitswesen als Mittel der Prim{\"a}rpr{\"a}vention anerkannt und gef{\"o}rdert werden k{\"o}nnte. Literatur: Walter, Ulla et al. (2006): Alt und gesund? Altersbilder und Pr{\"a}ventionskonzepte in der {\"a}rzt-lichen und pflegerischen Praxis. Wiesbaden: Vs Verlag f{\"u}r Sozialwissenschaften/GWV Fach-verlage GmbH Kocka, J{\"u}rgen (2008): Chancen und Herausforderungen einer alternden Gesellschaft. In Staudinger, Was ist Alter(n)? neue Antworten auf eine scheinbar einfache Frage (S.217-235). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag},
  subject      = {Singen},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Stojanovic2010,
  author    = {Stojanovic, Jelena},
  title     = {Cortical functional activations in musical talents and nontalents in visuomotor and auditory tasks: implications of the effect of practice on neuroplasticity},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-51898},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Neuroplasticity is a term indicating structural and functional changes in the brain through the lifespan. In the present study, differences in the functional cortical activations between the musical talents and non-talents were investigated after a short-term practice of the visuomotor and auditory tasks. Visuomotor task consisted of the finger tapping sequences, while auditory task consisted of passive listening to the classical music excerpts. Non-talents were divided in two groups: trained non-talents who practiced the task prior to scanning and untrained non-talents who did not practice the task. Functional activations were obtained by the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a 1.5T Scanner. It was hypothesized that talents would exhibit different functional activations from non-talents in both tasks as a result of the long-term music practice, which would account for the brain plasticity. Decreased activation of the same areas in talents in respect to the non-talents as well as the activation of different areas between the talents and non-talents was hypothesized. In addition due to a plethora of previous studies showing increased activations in the primary motor cortex (M1) in musicians, as well as left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG), increased activation of the M1 and lIFG in talents were hypothesized. Behavioral results did not reveal differences in performance among the three groups of subjects (talents, non-talents who practiced the task, and non-talents who did not practice the task). The main findings from imaging results of the visuomotor task confirmed the hypothesis of the increased activation in the M1 in talents. Region of interest analyses of the lIFG revealed the highest activation in the untrained non-talents, lower activation in talents, and least activation in the trained non-talents. Posthoc imaging analyses revealed higher activations in the cerebella of subjects who practiced the visuomotor task. For the auditory task, the effect of auditory practice was observed in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). These results should be interpreted with caution due to the absence of behavioral differences among the groups.},
  subject      = {Neuronale Plastizit{\"a}t},
  language  = {en}
}