@article{WinklerVielkindSchartl1991,
  author    = {Winkler, Christoph and Vielkind, J{\"u}rgen R. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Transient expression of foreign DNA during embryonic and larval development of the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61743},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Species of small fish are becoming useful tools for studies on vertebrate development. Wehave investigated the developing embryo of the Japanese medaka for its application as a transient expression system for the in vivo analysis of gene regulation and function. The temporaland spatial expression patterns ofbacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and galactosidase reporter genes injected in supercoiled plasmid form into the cytoplasm of one cell of the two-cell stage embryo was promoter-specific. The transient expression was found to be mosaic within the tissue and organs reflecting the unequal distribution of extrachromosomal foreign DNA and the intensive cell mixing movements that occur in fish embryogenesis. The expression data are consistent with data on DNA fate. Foreign DNA persisted during embryogenesis and was still detectable in some 3- and 9-month-old adult fish; it was found in high molecular weight form as weil as in circular plasmid conformations. The DNA was replicated during early and late embryogenesis. Our data indicate that the developing medaka embryo is a powerful in vivo assay system for studies of gene regulation and function.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdamMauelerSchartl1991,
  author    = {Adam, Dieter and Maueler, Winfried and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Transcriptional activation of the melanoma inducing Xmrk oncogene in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87584},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The melanoma inducing locus of Xiphophorus encodes a tumorigenic version of a novel putative receptor tyrosine kinase (Xmrk). To elucidate the mechanism of oncogenic activation of Xmrk, we compared the structure and expression of two oncogenic loci with the corresponding proto-oncogene. Only minor structural alterations were found to be specific for the oncogenic Xmrk genes. Marked overexpression of the oncogene transcripts in melanoma, which are approximately 1 kb shorter than the proto-oncogene transcript, correlates with the malignancy of the tumors. The tumor transcripts are derived from an alternative transcription start site that is used only in the oncogenic loci. Thus, oncogenic activation of the melanoma inducing Xmrk gene appears primarily to be due to novel transcriptional control and overexpression.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MalitschekSchartl1991,
  author    = {Malitschek, B. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Rapid identification of recombinant baculoviruses using PCR},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80328},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {no abstract available},
  subject      = {PCR},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlSchluppSchartletal.1991,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Schlupp, Ingo and Schartl, Angelika and Meyer, Manfred K. and Nanda, Indrajit and Schmid, Michael and Epplen, J{\"o}rg T. and Parzefall, Jakob},
  title     = {On the stability of dispensable constituents of the eukaryotic genome: Stability of coding sequences versus truly hypervariable sequences in a clonal vertebrate, the amazon molly, Poecilia formosa},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61731},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {In dooal unisexual vertebrales, the genes specifying the males become dispensable. To study tbe rate of such geoes the gynogeoetic all-female fisb Poecilillfonnolll was treated with androgens. Phenotypic males were obtained that exbibited the complete set of male cbaracteristics of dosely related gooocboristic species, induding body proportions, pigmentation, the extremely complex insemination apparatus of poecil{\"u}d fish, sexual bebavior, and spermatogeoesls. Tbe apparent stabllity of such genic structures, induding those involved in androgen regulation, is contrasted by high instability of noncoding sequeaces. Frequent mutations, thelr donal transmission, and at least two truly hypervariable Iod leading to individual difl'ereaces between these othenrise donal organisms were detected by DNA fingerprinting. These observations substantiate the concept that also in "ameiotic" vertebrates certain compartments of the genome are more prooe to mutatiooal alterations than others.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EpplenAmmerEpplenetal.1991,
  author    = {Epplen, J. T. and Ammer, H. and Epplen, C. and Kammerbauer, C. and Mitreiter, R. and Roewer, L. and Schwaiger, W. and Steimle, V. and Zischler, H. and Albert, E. and Andreas, A. and Beyermann, B. and Meyer, W. and Buitkamp, J. and Nanda, I. and N{\"u}rnberg, P. and Pena, S. D. J. and P{\"o}che, H. and Sprecher, W. and Schartl, Manfred and Weising, K. and Yassouridis, A.},
  title     = {Oligonucleotide fingerprinting using simple repeat motifs: a convenient, ubiquitously applicable method to detect hypervariability for multiple purposes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86371},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {A panel of simple repetitive oligonucleotide probes has been designed and tested for multilocus DNA fingerprinting in some 200 fungal, plant and animal species as well as man. To date at least one of the probes has been found to be informative in each species. The human genome, however, has been the major target of many fingerprintins studies. Using the probe (CAC)5 or (GTG)5, individualization of all humans is possible except for monozygotic twins. Paternity analyses are now perfonned on a routine basis by the use of multilocus fingerprints, inctuding also cases of deficiency, i.e. where one of the parents is not available for analysis. In forensie science stain analysis is feasible in all tissue remains containing nuc)eated cells. Depending on the degree of DNA degradation a variety of oligonucleotides are informative, and they have been proven useful in actual case work. Advantages in comparison to other methods including enzymatic DNA amplification techniques (PCR) are evident. Fingerprint patterns of tumors may be changed due to the gain or loss of chromosomes and/or intrachromosomal deletion and amplification events. Locus-specific probes were isolated from the human (CAC)5/( GTG)5 fingerprint with a varying degree of informativeness (monomorphic versus truly hypervariable markers). The feasibility of three different approaches. for the isolation of hypervariable mono-locus probes was evaluated. Finally, one particular mixed simple (gt)n(ga)m repeat locus in the second intron of the HLA-DRB genes has been scrutinized to allow comparison of the extent of exon-encoded (protein-) polymorphisms versus intronie bypervariability of simple repeats: adjacent to a single gene sequence (e.g. HLA-DRB1*0401) many different length alleles were found. Group-specific structures of basic repeats were identified within the evolutionarily related DRB alleles. As a further application it is suggested here that due to the ubiquitous interspersion of their targets, short probes for simple repeat sequences are especially useful tools for ordering genomic cosmid, yeast artificial chromosome and phage banks.},
  subject      = {DNS},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlErbeldingDenkNandaetal.1991,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Erbelding-Denk, Claudia and Nanda, Indrajit and Schmid, Michael and Schr{\"o}der, Johannes Horst and Epplen, J{\"o}rg T.},
  title     = {Mating success of subordinate males in a poeciliid fish species, Limia perugiae},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86349},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Lebendgeb{\"a}rende Zahnkarpfen},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchluppParzefallSchartl1991,
  author    = {Schlupp, I. and Parzefall, J. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Male mate choice in mixed bisexual/-unisexual breeding complexes of Poecilia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80309},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The livebearing all-female fish Poecilia formosa reproduces by gynogenesis, a modified form of parthenogenesis. P. formosa forms at least two breeding complexes: in its northern range it exists sympatrically with Poecilia latipinna and in its southern range with Poecilia mexicana. Differences between these complexes and their possible origin are discussed. Embryogenesis is triggered by sperm of males of these closely related sympatric species. Because inheritance is stricdy maternal, from the male point of view energy and time invested are totally lost. In this study we wanted to elucidate whether males are able to distinguish between conspecific and parasitic females. It could be shown that males are able to distinguish females optically, but that this ability was obscured as soon as chemical and/or tactile contact was possible. Furthermore, we found that females in an attractive phase of their sexual cycle are always preferred, regardless of species. This is possibly the mechanism by which parasitic females obtain the matings they need to reproduce.},
  subject      = {Poecilia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{AdamSchartlAndexingeretal.1991,
  author    = {Adam, D. and Schartl, A. and Andexinger, S. and H{\"o}lter, S. and Wilde, B. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Genetic factors in tumour formation: The melanoma-inducing gene of Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86388},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Humangenetik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HannigOttilieSchartl1991,
  author    = {Hannig, Gerhard and Ottilie, Sabine and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Conservation of structure and expression of the c-yes and fyn genes in lower vertebrates},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86723},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The src-gene family in mammals and birds consists of 9 closely related protein tyrosine kinases. We have cloned the c-yes and fyn bomologues of the src-family from the teleost fish Xiphophorus helleri. Both genes show a high degree of sequence conservation and exhibit all structural motifs diagnostic for functional src-like protein tyrosine kinases. Sequence comparisons revealed three domains (exon 2, exons 3--6, exons 7-12) which evolve at different rates. Both genes exhibit an identical expression pattern, with preferential expression in neural tissues. No transcripts of c-yes were found in liver wbich is contrary to the situation in higher vertebrales. In malignant melanoma, elevated Ieveis of c-yes andfyn were detected indicating a possible function during secondary steps of tumor progression for src-related tyrosine kinases.},
  subject      = {Konservierung},
  language  = {en}
}