@article{WestphaleBackhausKoenig2022,
  author    = {Westphale, Silke and Backhaus, Joy and Koenig, Sarah},
  title     = {Quantifying teaching quality in medical education: The impact of learning gain calculation},
  series = {Medical Education},
  volume    = {56},
  journal   = {Medical Education},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1111/medu.14694},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259576},
  pages     = {312-320},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background Student performance is a mirror of teaching quality. The pre-/post-test design allows a pragmatic approach to comparing the effects of interventions. However, the calculation of current knowledge gain scores introduces varying degrees of distortion. Here we present a new metric employing a linear weighting coefficient to reduce skewness on outcome interpretation. Methods We compared and contrasted a number of common scores (raw and relative gain scores) with our new method on two datasets, one simulated and the other empirical from a previous intervention study (n = 180) employing a pre-/post-test design. Results The outcomes of the common scores were clearly different, demonstrating a significant dependency on pre-test scores. Only the new metric revealed a linear relationship to the knowledge baseline, was less skewed on the upper or lower extremes, and proved well suited to allow the calculation of negative learning gains. Employing the empirical dataset, the new method also confirmed the interaction effect of teaching formats with specific subgroups of learner characteristics. Conclusion This work introduces a new weighted metric enabling meaningful comparisons between interventions based on a linear transformation. This method will form the basis to intertwine the calculation of test performance closely with the outcome of learning as an important factor reflecting teaching quality and efficacy. Its regular use can improve the transparency of teaching activities and outcomes, contribute to forming rounded judgements of students' acquisition of knowledge and skills and enable valuable feedforward to develop and enhance curricular concepts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GeyerHaanLorenzetal.2022,
  author    = {Geyer, Johannes and Haan, Peter and Lorenz, Svenja and Zwick, Thomas and Bruns, Mona},
  title     = {Role of labor demand in the labor market effects of a pension reform},
  series = {Industrial Relations},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Industrial Relations},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/irel.12293},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259446},
  pages     = {152-192},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper shows that labor demand plays an important role in the labor market reactions to a pension reform in Germany. Employers with a high share of older worker inflow compared with their younger worker inflow, employers in sectors with few investments in research and development, and employers in sectors with a high share of collective bargaining agreements allow their employees to stay employed longer after the reform. These employers offer their older employees partial retirement instead of forcing them into unemployment before early retirement because the older employees incur low substitution costs and high dismissal costs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TibkenRichterLindenetal.2022,
  author    = {Tibken, Catharina and Richter, Tobias and Linden, Nicole von der and Schmiedeler, Sandra and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The role of metacognitive competences in the development of school achievement among gifted adolescents},
  series = {Child Development},
  volume    = {93},
  journal   = {Child Development},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/cdev.13640},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258376},
  pages     = {117-133},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Gifted underachievers perform worse in school than would be expected based on their high intelligence. Possible causes for underachievement are low motivational dispositions (need for cognition) and metacognitive competences. This study tested the interplay of these variables longitudinally with gifted and non-gifted students from Germany (N = 341, 137 females) in Grades 6 (M = 12.02 years at t1) and 8 (M = 14.07 years). Declarative and procedural metacognitive competences were assessed in the domain of reading comprehension. Path analyses showed incremental effects of procedural metacognition over and above intelligence on the development of school achievement in gifted students (β = .139). Moreover, declarative metacognition and need for cognition interactively predicted procedural metacognition (β = .169), which mediated their effect on school achievement.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaeMuellerFoersteretal.2022,
  author    = {Bae, Soyeon and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and F{\"o}rster, Bernhard and Hilmers, Torben and Hochrein, Sophia and Jacobs, Martin and Leroy, Benjamin M. L. and Pretzsch, Hans and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Mitesser, Oliver},
  title     = {Tracking the temporal dynamics of insect defoliation by high-resolution radar satellite data},
  series = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/2041-210X.13726},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258222},
  pages     = {121-132},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Quantifying tree defoliation by insects over large areas is a major challenge in forest management, but it is essential in ecosystem assessments of disturbance and resistance against herbivory. However, the trajectory from leaf-flush to insect defoliation to refoliation in broadleaf trees is highly variable. Its tracking requires high temporal- and spatial-resolution data, particularly in fragmented forests. In a unique replicated field experiment manipulating gypsy moth Lymantria dispar densities in mixed-oak forests, we examined the utility of publicly accessible satellite-borne radar (Sentinel-1) to track the fine-scale temporal trajectory of defoliation. The ratio of backscatter intensity between two polarizations from radar data of the growing season constituted a canopy development index (CDI) and a normalized CDI (NCDI), which were validated by optical (Sentinel-2) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data as well by intensive caterpillar sampling from canopy fogging. The CDI and NCDI strongly correlated with optical and TLS data (Spearman's ρ = 0.79 and 0.84, respectively). The ΔNCDII\(_{Defoliation(A-C)}\) significantly explained caterpillar abundance (R\(^{2}\) = 0.52). The NCDI at critical timesteps and ΔNCDI related to defoliation and refoliation well discriminated between heavily and lightly defoliated forests. We demonstrate that the high spatial and temporal resolution and the cloud independence of Sentinel-1 radar potentially enable spatially unrestricted measurements of the highly dynamic canopy herbivory. This can help monitor insect pests, improve the prediction of outbreaks and facilitate the monitoring of forest disturbance, one of the high priority Essential Biodiversity Variables, in the near future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TrappeBuedelMeisteretal.2022,
  author    = {Trappe, Julian and B{\"u}del, Christian and Meister, Julia and Baumhauer, Roland},
  title     = {Combining geophysical and geomorphological data to reconstruct the development of relief of a medieval castle site in the Spessart low mountain range, Germany},
  series = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/esp.5242},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257433},
  pages     = {228-241},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Within the Spessart low mountain range in central Germany, numerous castle ruins of the 13th century ce exist. Their construction and destruction were often determined by the struggle for political and economic supremacy in the region and for control over the Spessart's natural resources. Wahlmich Castle is located in a relatively uncommon strategic and geomorphological position, characterized by a fairly remote position and atypical rough relief. In order to reconstruct the local relief development and possible human impact, a multi-method approach was applied combining two-dimensional geoelectrical measurements, geomorphological mapping and stratigraphic-sedimentological investigations. This provides new insights into the influence of landscape characteristics on choices of castle locations. The combined geoelectrical, geomorphological and stratigraphic-sedimentological data show that the rough relief is of natural origin and influenced by regional faulting, which triggered sliding and slumping as well as weathering and dissection of the surface deposits. The rough relief and the lithology permitted intensive land use and building activities. However, the location of the castle offered access to and possibly control over important medieval traffic routes and also represented certain ownership claims in the Aschaff River valley. The economic situation combined with rivalry between different elites led to the castle being built in a geomorphological challenging and strategically less valuable location. Focusing on castles located in rare and challenging geomorphological positions may therefore lead to a better understanding of castle siting in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PetersKnoepperGrafenetal.2022,
  author    = {Peters, Annika E. and Kn{\"o}pper, Konrad and Grafen, Anika and Kastenm{\"u}ller, Wolfgang},
  title     = {A multifunctional mouse model to study the role of Samd3},
  series = {European Journal of Immunology},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {European Journal of Immunology},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/eji.202149469},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257362},
  pages     = {328-337},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The capacity to develop immunological memory is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. To investigate the role of Samd3 for cellular immune responses and memory development, we generated a conditional knock-out mouse including a fluorescent reporter and a huDTR cassette for conditional depletion of Samd3-expressing cells. Samd3 expression was observed in NK cells and CD8 T cells, which are known for their specific function against intracellular pathogens like viruses. After acute viral infections, Samd3 expression was enriched within memory precursor cells and the frequency of Samd3-expressing cells increased during the progression into the memory phase. Similarly, during chronic viral infections, Samd3 expression was predominantly detected within precursors of exhausted CD8 T cells that are critical for viral control. At the functional level however, Samd3-deficient CD8 T cells were not compromised in the context of acute infection with Vaccinia virus or chronic infection with Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Taken together, we describe a novel multifunctional mouse model to study the role of Samd3 and Samd3-expressing cells. We found that Samd3 is specifically expressed in NK cells, memory CD8 T cells, and precursor exhausted T cells during viral infections, while the molecular function of this enigmatic gene remains further unresolved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GerhardHartmannGoergenBroeckelmannetal.2022,
  author    = {Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena and Goergen, Helen and Br{\"o}ckelmann, Paul J. and Mottok, Anja and Steinm{\"u}ller, Tabea and Grund, Johanna and Zam{\`o}, Alberto and Ben-Neriah, Susana and Sasse, Stephanie and Borchmann, Sven and Fuchs, Michael and Borchmann, Peter and Reinke, Sarah and Engert, Andreas and Veldman, Johanna and Diepstra, Arjan and Klapper, Wolfram and Rosenwald, Andreas},
  title     = {9p24.1 alterations and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 expression in early stage unfavourable classical Hodgkin lymphoma: an analysis from the German Hodgkin Study Group NIVAHL trial},
  series = {British Journal of Haematology},
  volume    = {196},
  journal   = {British Journal of Haematology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/bjh.17793},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258358},
  pages     = {116-126},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {High programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression and copy number alterations (CNAs) of the corresponding genomic locus 9p24.1 in Hodgkin- and Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSC) have been shown to be associated with favourable response to anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition in relapsed/refractory (r/r) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). In the present study, we investigated baseline 9p24.1 status as well as PD-L1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II protein expression in 82 biopsies from patients with early stage unfavourable cHL treated with anti-PD-1-based first-line treatment in the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) NIVAHL trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03004833). All evaluated specimens showed 9p24.1 CNA in HRSC to some extent, but with high intratumoral heterogeneity and an overall smaller range of alterations than reported in advanced-stage or r/r cHL. All but two cases (97\%) showed PD-L1 expression by the tumour cells in variable amounts. While MHC-I was rarely expressed in >50\% of HRSC, MHC-II expression in >50\% of HRSC was found more frequently. No obvious impact of 9p24.1 CNA or PD-L1 and MHC-I/II expression on early response to the highly effective anti-PD-1-based NIVAHL first-line treatment was observed. Further studies evaluating an expanded panel of potential biomarkers are needed to optimally stratify anti-PD-1 first-line cHL treatment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SvenssonSharma2022,
  author    = {Svensson, Sarah L. and Sharma, Cynthia M.},
  title     = {Small RNAs that target G-rich sequences are generated by diverse biogenesis pathways in Epsilonproteobacteria},
  series = {Molecular Microbiology},
  volume    = {117},
  journal   = {Molecular Microbiology},
  doi       = {10.1111/mmi.14850},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259602},
  pages     = {215-233},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are widespread post-transcriptional regulators that control bacterial stress responses and virulence. Nevertheless, little is known about how they arise and evolve. Homologs can be difficult to identify beyond the strain level using sequence-based approaches, and similar functionalities can arise by convergent evolution. Here, we found that the virulence-associated CJnc190 sRNA of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni resembles the RepG sRNA from the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. However, while both sRNAs bind G-rich sites in their target mRNAs using a C/U-rich loop, they largely differ in their biogenesis. RepG is transcribed from a stand-alone gene and does not require processing, whereas CJnc190 is transcribed from two promoters as precursors that are processed by RNase III and also has a cis-encoded antagonist, CJnc180. By comparing CJnc190 homologs in diverse Campylobacter species, we show that RNase III-dependent processing of CJnc190 appears to be a conserved feature even outside of C. jejuni. We also demonstrate the CJnc180 antisense partner is expressed in C. coli, yet here might be derived from the 3'UTR (untranslated region) of an upstream flagella-related gene. Our analysis of G-tract targeting sRNAs in Epsilonproteobacteria demonstrates that similar sRNAs can have markedly different biogenesis pathways.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PrezzaRyanMaedleretal.2022,
  author    = {Prezza, Gianluca and Ryan, Daniel and M{\"a}dler, Gohar and Reichardt, Sarah and Barquist, Lars and Westermann, Alexander J.},
  title     = {Comparative genomics provides structural and functional insights into Bacteroides RNA biology},
  series = {Molecular Microbiology},
  volume    = {117},
  journal   = {Molecular Microbiology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/mmi.14793},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259594},
  pages     = {67-85},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Bacteria employ noncoding RNA molecules for a wide range of biological processes, including scaffolding large molecular complexes, catalyzing chemical reactions, defending against phages, and controlling gene expression. Secondary structures, binding partners, and molecular mechanisms have been determined for numerous small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) in model aerobic bacteria. However, technical hurdles have largely prevented analogous analyses in the anaerobic gut microbiota. While experimental techniques are being developed to investigate the sRNAs of gut commensals, computational tools and comparative genomics can provide immediate functional insight. Here, using Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron as a representative microbiota member, we illustrate how comparative genomics improves our understanding of RNA biology in an understudied gut bacterium. We investigate putative RNA-binding proteins and predict a Bacteroides cold-shock protein homolog to have an RNA-related function. We apply an in silico protocol incorporating both sequence and structural analysis to determine the consensus structures and conservation of nine Bacteroides noncoding RNA families. Using structure probing, we validate and refine these predictions and deposit them in the Rfam database. Through synteny analyses, we illustrate how genomic coconservation can serve as a predictor of sRNA function. Altogether, this work showcases the power of RNA informatics for investigating the RNA biology of anaerobic microbiota members.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HiewNguemeniZeller2022,
  author    = {Hiew, Shawn and Nguemeni, Carine and Zeller, Daniel},
  title     = {Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in people with multiple sclerosis: a review},
  series = {European Journal of Neurology},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {European Journal of Neurology},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/ene.15163},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259424},
  pages     = {648-664},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background and purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing a wide range of symptoms including motor and cognitive impairment, fatigue and pain. Over the last two decades, non-invasive brain stimulation, especially transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has increasingly been used to modulate brain function in various physiological and pathological conditions. However, its experimental applications for people with MS were noted only as recently as 2010 and have been growing since then. The efficacy for use in people with MS remains questionable with the results of existing studies being largely conflicting. Hence, the aim of this review is to paint a picture of the current state of tDCS in MS research grounded on studies applying tDCS that have been done to date. Methods A keyword search was performed to retrieve articles from the earliest article identified until 14 February 2021 using a combination of the groups (1) 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS' and 'encephalomyelitis' and (2) 'tDCS' and 'transcranial direct current stimulation'. Results The analysis of the 30 articles included in this review underlined inconsistent effects of tDCS on the motor symptoms of MS based on small sample sizes. However, tDCS showed promising benefits in ameliorating fatigue, pain and cognitive symptoms. Conclusion Transcranial direct current stimulation is attractive as a non-drug approach in ameliorating MS symptoms, where other treatment options remain limited. The development of protocols tailored to the individual's own neuroanatomy using high definition tDCS and the introduction of network mapping in the experimental designs might help to overcome the variability between studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaurusKosnopfelKneitzetal.2022,
  author    = {Maurus, K. and Kosnopfel, C. and Kneitz, H. and Appenzeller, S. and Schrama, D. and Glutsch, V. and Roth, S. and Gerhard-Hartmann, E. and Rosenfeldt, M. and M{\"o}hrmann, L. and Fr{\"o}hlich, M. and H{\"u}bschmann, D. and Stenzinger, A. and Glimm, H. and Fr{\"o}hling, S. and Goebeler, M. and Rosenwald, A. and Kutzner, H. and Schilling, B.},
  title     = {Cutaneous epithelioid haemangiomas show somatic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway},
  series = {British Journal of Dermatology},
  volume    = {186},
  journal   = {British Journal of Dermatology},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1111/bjd.20869},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258333},
  pages     = {553-563},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background Epithelioid haemangioma (EH) arising from the skin is a benign vascular tumour with marked inflammatory cell infiltration, which exhibits a high tendency to persist and frequently recurs after resection. So far, the underlying pathogenesis is largely elusive. Objectives To identify genetic alterations by next-generation sequencing and/or droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in cutaneous EH. Methods DNA and RNA from an EH lesion of an index patient were subjected to whole-genome and RNA sequencing. Multiplex PCR-based panel sequencing of genomic DNA isolated from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of 18 patients with cutaneous EH was performed. ddPCR was used to confirm mutations. Results We identified somatic mutations in genes of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (MAP2K1 and KRAS) in cutaneous EH biopsies. By ddPCR we could confirm the recurrent presence of activating, low-frequency mutations affecting MAP2K1. In total, nine out of 18 patients analysed showed activating MAPK pathway mutations, which were mutually exclusive. Comparative analysis of tissue areas enriched for lymphatic infiltrate or aberrant endothelial cells, respectively, revealed an association of these mutations with the presence of endothelial cells. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that EH shows somatic mutations in genes of the MAPK pathway which might contribute to the formation of this benign tumour.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GoebelerBataCsoergőSimoneetal.2022,
  author    = {Goebeler, M. and Bata-Cs{\"o}rgő, Z. and Simone, C. de and Didona, B. and Remenyik, E. and Reznichenko, N. and Stoevesandt, J. and Ward, E. S. and Parys, W. and Haard, H. de and Dupuy, P. and Verheesen, P. and Schmidt, E. and Joly, P.},
  title     = {Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus with efgartigimod, a neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor: a phase II multicentre, open-label feasibility trial},
  series = {British Journal of Dermatology},
  volume    = {186},
  journal   = {British Journal of Dermatology},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1111/bjd.20782},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258328},
  pages     = {429-439},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus are potentially life-threatening autoimmune disorders triggered by IgG autoantibodies against mucosal and epidermal desmogleins. There is an unmet need for fast-acting drugs that enable patients to achieve early sustained remission with reduced corticosteroid reliance. Objectives To investigate efgartigimod, an engineered Fc fragment that inhibits the activity of the neonatal Fc receptor, thereby reducing serum IgG levels, for treating pemphigus. Methods Thirty-four patients with mild-to-moderate pemphigus vulgaris or foliaceus were enrolled in an open-label phase II adaptive trial. In sequential cohorts, efgartigimod was dosed at 10 or 25 mg kg\(^{-1}\) intravenously with various dosing frequencies, as monotherapy or as add-on therapy to low-dose oral prednisone. Safety endpoints comprised the primary outcome. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03334058). Results Adverse events were mostly mild and were reported by 16 of 19 (84\%) patients receiving efgartigimod 10 mg kg\(^{-1}\) and 13 of 15 (87\%) patients receiving 25 mg kg-1, with similar adverse event profiles between dose groups. A major decrease in serum total IgG and anti-desmoglein autoantibodies was observed and correlated with improved Pemphigus Disease Area Index scores. Efgartigimod, as monotherapy or combined with prednisone, demonstrated early disease control in 28 of 31 (90\%) patients after a median of 17 days. Optimized, prolonged treatment with efgartigimod in combination with a median dose of prednisone 0·26 mg \(^{-1}\) per day (range 0·06-0·48) led to complete clinical remission in 14 of 22 (64\%) patients within 2-41 weeks. Conclusions Efgartigimod was well tolerated and exhibited an early effect on disease activity and outcome parameters, providing support for further evaluation as a therapy for pemphigus.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RedlichZhangBenjaminetal.2022,
  author    = {Redlich, Sarah and Zhang, Jie and Benjamin, Caryl and Dhillon, Maninder Singh and Englmeier, Jana and Ewald, J{\"o}rg and Fricke, Ute and Ganuza, Cristina and Haensel, Maria and Hovestadt, Thomas and Kollmann, Johannes and Koellner, Thomas and K{\"u}bert-Flock, Carina and Kunstmann, Harald and Menzel, Annette and Moning, Christoph and Peters, Wibke and Riebl, Rebekka and Rummler, Thomas and Rojas-Botero, Sandra and Tobisch, Cynthia and Uhler, Johannes and Uphus, Lars and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf},
  title     = {Disentangling effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services—A multi-scale experimental design},
  series = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/2041-210X.13759},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258270},
  pages     = {514-527},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Climate and land-use change are key drivers of environmental degradation in the Anthropocene, but too little is known about their interactive effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Long-term data on biodiversity trends are currently lacking. Furthermore, previous ecological studies have rarely considered climate and land use in a joint design, did not achieve variable independence or lost statistical power by not covering the full range of environmental gradients. Here, we introduce a multi-scale space-for-time study design to disentangle effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The site selection approach coupled extensive GIS-based exploration (i.e. using a Geographic information system) and correlation heatmaps with a crossed and nested design covering regional, landscape and local scales. Its implementation in Bavaria (Germany) resulted in a set of study plots that maximise the potential range and independence of environmental variables at different spatial scales. Stratifying the state of Bavaria into five climate zones (reference period 1981-2010) and three prevailing land-use types, that is, near-natural, agriculture and urban, resulted in 60 study regions (5.8 × 5.8 km quadrants) covering a mean annual temperature gradient of 5.6-9.8°C and a spatial extent of ~310 × 310 km. Within these regions, we nested 180 study plots located in contrasting local land-use types, that is, forests, grasslands, arable land or settlement (local climate gradient 4.5-10°C). This approach achieved low correlations between climate and land use (proportional cover) at the regional and landscape scale with |r ≤ 0.33| and |r ≤ 0.29| respectively. Furthermore, using correlation heatmaps for local plot selection reduced potentially confounding relationships between landscape composition and configuration for plots located in forests, arable land and settlements. The suggested design expands upon previous research in covering a significant range of environmental gradients and including a diversity of dominant land-use types at different scales within different climatic contexts. It allows independent assessment of the relative contribution of multi-scale climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Understanding potential interdependencies among global change drivers is essential to develop effective restoration and mitigation strategies against biodiversity decline, especially in expectation of future climatic changes. Importantly, this study also provides a baseline for long-term ecological monitoring programs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrimmerMartinHolzschuhetal.2022,
  author    = {Krimmer, Elena and Martin, Emily A. and Holzschuh, Andrea and Krauss, Jochen and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf},
  title     = {Flower fields and pesticide use interactively shape pollen beetle infestation and parasitism in oilseed rape fields},
  series = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  volume    = {59},
  journal   = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/1365-2664.14051},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258037},
  pages     = {263-273},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Pollen beetles (Brassicogethes spp.) are the main pests of oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus) in Europe and responsible for massive yield losses. Upcoming pesticide resistances highlight the need for other means of crop protection, such as natural pest control. Sown flower fields aim to counteract the decrease of insect biodiversity in agricultural landscapes by providing resources to ecosystem service providers. However, the optimal age and size of flower fields to increase natural pest control is still unclear. We conducted experiments on 31 OSR fields located along a gradient of landscape-scale semi-natural habitat (SNH). OSR fields were located adjacent to flower fields which differed in age, continuity and size, or adjacent to crop fields or calcareous grasslands. Pesticide-free areas were established to examine interactive effects of pesticide use and flower field characteristics. The abundance of pollen beetle adults and larvae, parasitism and superparasitism rates in OSR were recorded at increasing distances to the adjacent sites. Flower fields and calcareous grasslands increased pollen beetle parasitism when compared to OSR fields neighbouring crop fields. The threshold for effective natural pest control of 35\% could be reached in the pesticide-free areas of OSR fields adjacent to calcareous grasslands and flower fields maintained continuously for at least 6 years. In pesticide-sprayed areas, pollen beetle parasitism and superparasitism declined with increasing distance to the adjacent field. Furthermore, flower fields larger than 1.5 ha were able to improve pollen beetle parasitism more than smaller fields. Synthesis and applications. To promote natural pest control in oilseed rape (OSR), large flower fields should be maintained for several years, to create stable habitats for natural enemies. The continuous maintenance of flower fields should be preferred, as ploughing and resowing after 5-6 years decreased the positive effects of the flower fields on natural pest control in adjacent OSR fields. However, pesticide use can abrogate positive effects of flower fields on pollen beetle parasitism. This study highlights that sown flower fields have the potential to increase natural pest control in OSR, but this potential is depending on its age, continuity and size and can be hindered by pesticide use.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoehmStahlhutWeichholdetal.2022,
  author    = {B{\"o}hm, Christoph and Stahlhut, Philipp and Weichhold, Jan and Hrynevich, Andrei and Teßmar, J{\"o}rg and Dalton, Paul D.},
  title     = {The Multiweek Thermal Stability of Medical-Grade Poly(ε-caprolactone) During Melt Electrowriting},
  series = {Small},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Small},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1002/smll.202104193},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257741},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Melt electrowriting (MEW) is a high-resolution additive manufacturing technology that places unique constraints on the processing of thermally degradable polymers. With a single nozzle, MEW operates at low throughput and in this study, medical-grade poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is heated for 25 d at three different temperatures (75, 85, and 95 °C), collecting daily samples. There is an initial increase in the fiber diameter and decrease in the jet speed over the first 5 d, then the MEW process remains stable for the 75 and 85 °C groups. When the collector speed is fixed to a value at least 10\% above the jet speed, the diameter remains constant for 25 d at 75 °C and only increases with time for 85 and 95 °C. Fiber fusion at increased layer height is observed for 85 and 95 °C, while the surface morphology of single fibers remain similar for all temperatures. The properties of the prints are assessed with no observable changes in the degree of crystallinity or the Young's modulus, while the yield strength decreases in later phases only for 95 °C. After the initial 5-d period, the MEW processing of PCL at 75 °C is extraordinarily stable with overall fiber diameters averaging 13.5 ± 1.0 µm over the entire 25-d period.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WechAnkenbrandBleyetal.2022,
  author    = {Wech, Tobias and Ankenbrand, Markus Johannes and Bley, Thorsten Alexander and Heidenreich, Julius Frederik},
  title     = {A data-driven semantic segmentation model for direct cardiac functional analysis based on undersampled radial MR cine series},
  series = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
  volume    = {87},
  journal   = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/mrm.29017},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257616},
  pages     = {972-983},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Purpose Image acquisition and subsequent manual analysis of cardiac cine MRI is time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to train and evaluate a 3D artificial neural network for semantic segmentation of radially undersampled cardiac MRI to accelerate both scan time and postprocessing. Methods A database of Cartesian short-axis MR images of the heart (148,500 images, 484 examinations) was assembled from an openly accessible database and radial undersampling was simulated. A 3D U-Net architecture was pretrained for segmentation of undersampled spatiotemporal cine MRI. Transfer learning was then performed using samples from a second database, comprising 108 non-Cartesian radial cine series of the midventricular myocardium to optimize the performance for authentic data. The performance was evaluated for different levels of undersampling by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) with respect to reference labels, as well as by deriving ventricular volumes and myocardial masses. Results Without transfer learning, the pretrained model performed moderately on true radial data [maximum number of projections tested, P = 196; DSC = 0.87 (left ventricle), DSC = 0.76 (myocardium), and DSC =0.64 (right ventricle)]. After transfer learning with authentic data, the predictions achieved human level even for high undersampling rates (P = 33, DSC = 0.95, 0.87, and 0.93) without significant difference compared with segmentations derived from fully sampled data. Conclusion A 3D U-Net architecture can be used for semantic segmentation of radially undersampled cine acquisitions, achieving a performance comparable with human experts in fully sampled data. This approach can jointly accelerate time-consuming cine image acquisition and cumbersome manual image analysis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BorovaSchluttNickeletal.2022,
  author    = {Borova, Solomiia and Schlutt, Christine and Nickel, Joachim and Luxenhofer, Robert},
  title     = {A Transient Initiator for Polypeptoids Postpolymerization α-Functionalization via Activation of a Thioester Group},
  series = {Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics},
  volume    = {223},
  journal   = {Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1002/macp.202100331},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257587},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Here, a postpolymerization modification method for an α-terminal functionalized poly-(N-methyl-glycine), also known as polysarcosine, is introduced. 4-(Methylthio)phenyl piperidine-4-carboxylate as an initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of N-methyl-glycine-N-carboxyanhydride followed by oxidation of the thioester group to yield an α-terminal reactive 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl piperidine-4-carboxylate polymer is utilized. This represents an activated carboxylic acid terminus, allowing straightforward modification with nucleophiles under mild reaction conditions and provides the possibility to introduce a wide variety of nucleophiles as exemplified using small molecules, fluorescent dyes, and model proteins. The new initiator yielded polymers with well-defined molar mass, low dispersity, and high end-group fidelity, as observed by gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The introduced method can be of great interest for bioconjugation, but requires optimization, especially for protein conjugation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HauptsteinForsterNadernezhadetal.2022,
  author    = {Hauptstein, Julia and Forster, Leonard and Nadernezhad, Ali and Horder, Hannes and Stahlhut, Philipp and Groll, J{\"u}rgen and Blunk, Torsten and Teßmar, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Bioink Platform Utilizing Dual-Stage Crosslinking of Hyaluronic Acid Tailored for Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells},
  series = {Macromolecular Bioscience},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Macromolecular Bioscience},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/mabi.202100331},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257556},
  pages     = {2100331},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {3D bioprinting often involves application of highly concentrated polymeric bioinks to enable fabrication of stable cell-hydrogel constructs, although poor cell survival, compromised stem cell differentiation, and an inhomogeneous distribution of newly produced extracellular matrix (ECM) are frequently observed. Therefore, this study presents a bioink platform using a new versatile dual-stage crosslinking approach based on thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH), which not only provides stand-alone 3D printability but also facilitates effective chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. A range of HA-SH with different molecular weights is synthesized and crosslinked with acrylated (PEG-diacryl) and allylated (PEG-diallyl) polyethylene glycol in a two-step reaction scheme. The initial Michael addition is used to achieve ink printability, followed by UV-mediated thiol-ene reaction to stabilize the printed bioink for long-term cell culture. Bioinks with high molecular weight HA-SH (>200 kDa) require comparably low polymer content to facilitate bioprinting. This leads to superior quality of cartilaginous constructs which possess a coherent ECM and a strongly increased stiffness of long-term cultured constructs. The dual-stage system may serve as an example to design platforms using two independent crosslinking reactions at one functional group, which allows adjusting printability as well as material and biological properties of bioinks.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DudekMaack2022,
  author    = {Dudek, Jan and Maack, Christoph},
  title     = {Mechano-energetic aspects of Barth syndrome},
  series = {Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/jimd.12427},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257512},
  pages     = {82-98},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Energy-demanding organs like the heart are strongly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is governed by the respiratory chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane is the only cellular membrane with significant amounts of the phospholipid cardiolipin, and cardiolipin was found to directly interact with a number of essential protein complexes, including respiratory chain complexes I to V. An inherited defect in the biogenesis of cardiolipin causes Barth syndrome, which is associated with cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia and growth retardation. Energy conversion is dependent on reducing equivalents, which are replenished by oxidative metabolism in the Krebs cycle. Cardiolipin deficiency in Barth syndrome also affects Krebs cycle activity, metabolite transport and mitochondrial morphology. During excitation-contraction coupling, calcium (Ca\(^{2+}\)) released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum drives sarcomeric contraction. At the same time, Ca\(^{2+}\) influx into mitochondria drives the activation of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and the regeneration of reducing equivalents. Reducing equivalents are essential not only for energy conversion, but also for maintaining a redox buffer, which is required to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). Defects in CL may also affect Ca\(^{2+}\) uptake into mitochondria and thereby hamper energy supply and demand matching, but also detoxification of ROS. Here, we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial function in Barth syndrome and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RamlerSchwarzmannStoyetal.2022,
  author    = {Ramler, Jacqueline and Schwarzmann, Johannes and Stoy, Andreas and Lichtenberg, Crispin},
  title     = {Two Faces of the Bi-O Bond: Photochemically and Thermally Induced Dehydrocoupling for Si-O Bond Formation},
  series = {European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry},
  number    = {7},
  doi       = {10.1002/ejic.202100934},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257428},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The diorgano(bismuth)alcoholate [Bi((C\(_{6}\)H\(_{4}\)CH\(_{2}\))\(_{2}\)S)OPh] (1-OPh) has been synthesized and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and (TD-)DFT calculations suggest its susceptibility to homolytic and heterolytic Bi-O bond cleavage under given reaction conditions. Using the dehydrocoupling of silanes with either TEMPO or phenol as model reactions, the catalytic competency of 1-OPh has been investigated (TEMPO=(tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-oxyl). Different reaction pathways can deliberately be addressed by applying photochemical or thermal reaction conditions and by choosing radical or closed-shell substrates (TEMPO vs. phenol). Applied analytical techniques include NMR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and (TD)-DFT calculations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuthHeiligMarquardtetal.2022,
  author    = {Muth, Felicitas V. and Heilig, Michael and Marquardt, Dorothea and Mittelberg, Linda and Sebald, Albrecht and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Lightness perception of structured surfaces},
  series = {Color Research and Application},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Color Research and Application},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/col.22740},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257314},
  pages     = {377-387},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Visual perception of surfaces is of utmost importance in everyday life. Therefore, it comes naturally, that different surface structures evoke different visual impressions in the viewer even if the material underlying these surface structures is the same. This topic is especially virulent for manufacturing processes in which more than one stakeholder is involved, but where the final product needs to meet certain criteria. A common practice to address such slight but perceivable differences in the visual appearance of structured surfaces is that trained evaluators assess the samples and assign a pass or fail. However, this process is both time consuming and cost intensive. Thus, we conducted two studies to analyze the relationship between physical surface structure parameters and participants visual assessment of the samples. With the first experiment, we aimed at uncovering a relationship between physical roughness parameters and visual lightness perception while the second experiment was designed to test participants' discrimination sensitivity across the range of stimuli. Perceived lightness and the measured surface roughness were nonlinearly related to the surface structure. Additionally, we found a linear relationship between the engraving parameter and physical brightness. Surface structure was an ideal predictor for perceived lightness and participants discriminated equally well across the entire range of surface structures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WillmsSchwabvonWebskyetal.2022,
  author    = {Willms, A. G. and Schwab, R. and von Websky, M. W. and Berrevoet, F. and Tartaglia, D. and S{\"o}relius, K. and Fortelny, R. H. and Bj{\"o}rck, M. and Monchal, T. and Brennfleck, F. and Bulian, D. and Beltzer, C. and Germer, C. T. and Lock, J. F.},
  title     = {Factors influencing the fascial closure rate after open abdomen treatment: Results from the European Hernia Society (EuraHS) Registry. Surgical technique matters},
  series = {Hernia},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Hernia},
  number    = {1},
  organization    = {EURAHS Open Abdomen Group},
  issn      = {1265-4906},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10029-020-02336-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234871},
  pages     = {61-73},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Purpose Definitive fascial closure is an essential treatment objective after open abdomen treatment and mitigates morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of evidence on factors that promote or prevent definitive fascial closure. Methods A multi-center multivariable analysis of data from the Open Abdomen Route of the European Hernia Society included all cases between 1 May 2015 and 31 December 2019. Different treatment elements, i.e. the use of a visceral protective layer, negative-pressure wound therapy and dynamic closure techniques, as well as patient characteristics were included in the multivariable analysis. The study was registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Registry for Clinical Trials (DRK00021719). Results Data were included from 630 patients from eleven surgical departments in six European countries. Indications for OAT were peritonitis (46\%), abdominal compartment syndrome (20.5\%), burst abdomen (11.3\%), abdominal trauma (9\%), and other conditions (13.2\%). The overall definitive fascial closure rate was 57.5\% in the intention-to-treat analysis and 71\% in the per-protocol analysis. The multivariable analysis showed a positive correlation of negative-pressure wound therapy (odds ratio: 2.496, p < 0.001) and dynamic closure techniques (odds ratio: 2.687, p < 0.001) with fascial closure and a negative correlation of intra-abdominal contamination (odds ratio: 0.630, p = 0.029) and the number of surgical procedures before OAT (odds ratio: 0.740, p = 0.005) with DFC. Conclusion The clinical course and prognosis of open abdomen treatment can significantly be improved by the use of treatment elements such as negative-pressure wound therapy and dynamic closure techniques, which are associated with definitive fascial closure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GhafoorNordbeckRitteretal.2022,
  author    = {Ghafoor, Hina and Nordbeck, Peter and Ritter, Oliver and Pauli, Paul and Schulz, Stefan M.},
  title     = {Can Religiosity and Social Support Explain Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Cultural Study},
  series = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0022-4197},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10943-020-01163-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232823},
  pages     = {158-174},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Religion and social support along with trait emotional intelligence (EI) help individuals to reduce stress caused by difficult situations. Their implications may vary across cultures in reference to predicting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A convenience sample of N = 200 chronic heart failure (CHF) patients was recruited at cardiology centers in Germany (n = 100) and Pakistan (n = 100). Results indicated that trait-EI predicted better mental component of HRQoL in Pakistani and German CHF patients. Friends as social support appeared relevant for German patients only. Qualitative data indicate an internal locus of control in German as compared to Pakistani patients. Strengthening the beneficial role of social support in Pakistani patients is one example of how the current findings may inspire culture-specific treatment to empower patients dealing with the detrimental effects of CHF.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HuangHuKrummenacheretal.2022,
  author    = {Huang, Mingming and Hu, Jiefeng and Krummenacher, Ivo and Friedrich, Alexandra and Braunschweig, Holger and Westcott, Stephen A. and Radius, Udo and Marder, Todd B.},
  title     = {Base-Mediated Radical Borylation of Alkyl Sulfones},
  series = {Chemistry—A European Journal},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Chemistry—A European Journal},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.202103866},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257281},
  pages     = {e202103866},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A practical and direct method was developed for the production of versatile alkyl boronate esters via transition metal-free borylation of primary and secondary alkyl sulfones. The key to the success of the strategy is the use of bis(neopentyl glycolato) diboron (B\(_{2}\)neop\(_{2}\)), with a stoichiometric amount of base as a promoter. The practicality and industrial potential of this protocol are highlighted by its wide functional group tolerance, the late-stage modification of complex compounds, no need for further transesterification, and operational simplicity. Radical clock, radical trap experiments, and EPR studies were conducted which show that the borylation process involves radical intermediates.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FischerDirksKlaussneretal.2022,
  author    = {Fischer, Jonas and Dirks, Johannes and Klaussner, Julia and Haase, Gabriele and Holl-Wieden, Annette and Hofmann, Christine and Hackenberg, Stephan and Girschick, Hermann and Morbach, Henner},
  title     = {Effect of clonally expanded PD-1\(^h\)\(^i\)\(^g\)\(^h\) CXCR5-CD4+ peripheral T Helper cells on B cell differentiation in the joints of patients with antinuclear antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis},
  series = {Arthritis \& Rheumatology},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Arthritis \& Rheumatology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/art.41913},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256607},
  pages     = {150-162},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objective Antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is characterized by synovial B cell hyperactivity, but the precise role of CD4+ T cells in promoting local B cell activation is unknown. This study was undertaken to determine the phenotype and function of synovial CD4+ T cells that promote aberrant B cell activation in JIA. Methods Flow cytometry was performed to compare the phenotype and cytokine patterns of PD-1\(^h\)\(^i\)\(^g\)\(^h\)CD4+ T cells in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with JIA and T follicular helper cells in the tonsils of control individuals. TCRVB next-generation sequencing was used to analyze T cell subsets for signs of clonal expansion. The functional impact of these T cell subsets on B cells was examined in cocultures in vitro. Results Multidimensional flow cytometry revealed the expansion of interleukin-21 (IL-21) and interferon-γ (IFNγ)-coexpressing PD-1\(^h\)\(^i\)\(^g\)\(^h\)CXCR5-HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells that accumulate in the joints of ANA-positive JIA patients. These T cells exhibited signs of clonal expansion with restricted T cell receptor clonotypes. The phenotype resembled peripheral T helper (Tph) cells with an extrafollicular chemokine receptor pattern and high T-bet and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 expression, but low B cell lymphoma 6 expression. SF Tph cells, by provision of IL-21 and IFNy, skewed B cell differentiation toward a CD21\(^l\)\(^o\)\(^w\)\(^/\)\(^-\)CD11c+ phenotype in vitro. Additionally, SF Tph cell frequencies correlated with the appearance of SF CD21\(^l\)\(^o\)\(^w\)\(^/\)\(^-\)CD11c+CD27-IgM- double-negative (DN) B cells in situ.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzWuerthner2022,
  author    = {Schulz, Alexander and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Folding-induced fluorescence enhancement in a series of merocyanine hetero-folda-trimers},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.202114667},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256582},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Many dyes suffer from fast non-radiative decay pathways, thereby showing only short-lived excited states and weak photoluminescence. Here we show a pronounced fluorescence enhancement for a weakly fluorescent merocyanine (MC) dye by being co-facially stacked to other dyes in hetero-folda-trimer architectures. By means of fluorescence spectroscopy (lifetime, quantum yield) the fluorescence enhancement was explained by the rigidification of the emitting chromophore in the defined foldamer architecture and the presence of a non-forbidden lowest exciton state in H-coupled hetero-aggregates. This folding-induced fluorescence enhancement (FIFE) for specific sequences of π-stacked dyes points at a viable strategy toward improved fluorophores that relates to the approach used by nature in the green fluorescent protein (GFP).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LuJayaramanFantuzzietal.2022,
  author    = {Lu, Wei and Jayaraman, Arumugam and Fantuzzi, Felipe and Dewhurst, Rian D. and H{\"a}rterich, Marcel and Dietz, Maximilian and Hagspiel, Stephan and Krummenbacher, Ivo and Hammond, Kai and Cui, Jingjing and Braunschweig, Holger},
  title     = {An unsymmetrical, cyclic diborene based on a chelating CAAC ligand and its small-molecule activation and rearrangement chemistry},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.202113947},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256576},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A one-pot synthesis of a CAAC-stabilized, unsymmetrical, cyclic diborene was achieved via consecutive two-electron reduction steps from an adduct of CAAC and B\(_2\)Br\(_4\)(SMe\(_2\))\(_2\). Theoretical studies revealed that this diborene has a considerably smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than those of reported NHC- and phosphine-supported diborenes. Complexation of the diborene with [AuCl(PCy\(_3\))] afforded two diborene-Au\(^I\) π complexes, while reaction with DurBH\(_2\), P\(_4\) and a terminal acetylene led to the cleavage of B-H, P-P, and C-C π bonds, respectively. Thermal rearrangement of the diborene gave an electron-rich cyclic alkylideneborane, which readily coordinated to Ag\(^I\) via its B=C double bond.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoldStolteShoyamaetal.2022,
  author    = {Bold, Kevin and Stolte, Matthias and Shoyama, Kazutaka and Holzapfel, Marco and Schmiedel, Alexander and Lambert, Christoph and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Macrocyclic donor-acceptor dyads composed of a perylene bisimide dye surrounded by oligothiophene bridges},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie Internationale Edition},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie Internationale Edition},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.202113598},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256569},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Two macrocyclic architectures comprising oligothiophene strands that connect the imide positions of a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye have been synthesized via a platinum-mediated cross-coupling strategy. The crystal structure of the double bridged PBI reveals all syn-arranged thiophene units that completely enclose the planar PBI chromophore via a 12-membered macrocycle. The target structures were characterized by steady-state UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Both donor-acceptor dyads show ultrafast F{\"o}rster Resonance Energy Transfer and photoinduced electron transfer, thereby leading to extremely low fluorescence quantum yields even in the lowest polarity cyclohexane solvent.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GernertTonyFroehlichetal.2022,
  author    = {Gernert, Michael and Tony, Hans-Peter and Fr{\"o}hlich, Matthias and Schwaneck, Eva Christina and Schmalzing, Marc},
  title     = {Immunosuppressive therapy after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis patients — high efficacy of Rituximab},
  series = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  issn      = {1664-3224},
  doi       = {10.3389/fimmu.2021.817893},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254345},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients often need immunosuppressive medication (IS) for disease control. If SSc is progressive despite IS, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a treatment option for selected SSc patients. aHSCT is effective with good available evidence, but not all patients achieve a treatment-free remission after aHSCT. Thus far, data about the need of IS after aHSCT in SSc is not published. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of IS after aHSCT, its efficacy, and the occurrence of severe adverse events (SAEs). Methods Twenty-seven patients with SSc who had undergone aHSCT were included in this single-center retrospective cohort study. Clinical data, including IS, SAEs, and lung function data, were collected. Results Sixteen of 27 (59.3\%) patients received IS after aHSCT. Methotrexate, rituximab, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and hydroxychloroquine were most commonly used. The main reason for starting IS was SSc progress. Nine patients received rituximab after aHSCT and showed an improvement in modified Rodnan skin score and a stabilization of lung function 2 years after rituximab. SAEs in patients with IS after aHSCT (50.0\%) were not more common than in patients without IS (54.6\%). SAEs were mostly due to SSc progress, secondary autoimmune diseases, or infections. Two deaths after aHSCT were transplantation related and three during long-term follow-up due to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Conclusion Disease progression and secondary autoimmune diseases may necessitate IS after aHSCT in SSc. Rituximab seems to be an efficacious treatment option in this setting. Long-term data on the safety of aHSCT is reassuring.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleiberLemusDiazStilleretal.2022,
  author    = {Kleiber, Nicole and Lemus-Diaz, Nicolas and Stiller, Carina and Heinrichs, Marleen and Mong-Quyen Mai, Mandy and Hackert, Philipp and Richter-Dennerlein, Ricarda and H{\"o}bartner, Claudia and Bohnsack, Katherine E. and Bohnsack, Markus T.},
  title     = {The RNA methyltransferase METTL8 installs m\(^3\)C\(_{32}\) in mitochondrial tRNAs\(^{Thr/Ser(UCN)}\) to optimise tRNA structure and mitochondrial translation},
  series = {Nature Communication},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Nature Communication},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41467-021-27905-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254592},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Modified nucleotides in tRNAs are important determinants of folding, structure and function. Here we identify METTL8 as a mitochondrial matrix protein and active RNA methyltransferase responsible for installing m\(^3\)C\(_{32}\) in the human mitochondrial (mt-)tRNA\(^{Thr}\) and mt-tRNA\(^{Ser(UCN)}\). METTL8 crosslinks to the anticodon stem loop (ASL) of many mt-tRNAs in cells, raising the question of how methylation target specificity is achieved. Dissection of mttRNA recognition elements revealed U\(_{34}\)G\(_{35}\) and t\(^6\)A\(_{37}\)/(ms\(^2\))i\(^6\)A\(_{37}\), present concomitantly only in the ASLs of the two substrate mt-tRNAs, as key determinants for METTL8-mediated methylation of C\(_{32}\). Several lines of evidence demonstrate the influence of U\(_{34}\), G\(_{35}\), and the m\(^3\)C\(_{32}\) and t\(^6\)A\(_{37}\)/(ms\(^2\))i\(^6\)A\(_{37}\) modifications in mt-tRNA\(^{Thr/Ser(UCN)}\) on the structure of these mt-tRNAs. Although mt-tRNA\(^{Thr/Ser(UCN)}\) lacking METTL8-mediated m\(^3\)C\(_{32}\) are efficiently aminoacylated and associate with mitochondrial ribosomes, mitochondrial translation is mildly impaired by lack of METTL8. Together these results define the cellular targets of METTL8 and shed new light on the role of m\(^3\)C\(_{32}\) within mt-tRNAs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DietzschBialasBandorfetal.2022,
  author    = {Dietzsch, Julia and Bialas, David and Bandorf, Johannes and W{\"u}rthner, Frank and H{\"o}bartner, Claudia},
  title     = {Tuning Exciton Coupling of Merocyanine Nucleoside Dimers by RNA, DNA and GNA Double Helix Conformations},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.202116783},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254565},
  pages     = {e202116783},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Exciton coupling between two or more chromophores in a specific environment is a key mechanism associated with color tuning and modulation of absorption energies. This concept is well exemplified by natural photosynthetic proteins, and can also be achieved in synthetic nucleic acid nanostructures. Here we report the coupling of barbituric acid merocyanine (BAM) nucleoside analogues and show that exciton coupling can be tuned by the double helix conformation. BAM is a nucleobase mimic that was incorporated in the phosphodiester backbone of RNA, DNA and GNA oligonucleotides. Duplexes with different backbone constitutions and geometries afforded different mutual dye arrangements, leading to distinct optical signatures due to competing modes of chromophore organization via electrostatic, dipolar, - stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The realized supramolecular motifs include hydrogenbonded BAM-adenine base pairs and antiparallel as well as rotationally stacked BAM dimer aggregates with distinct absorption, CD and fluorescence properties.},
  language  = {en}
}