@inproceedings{AndersSchartlScholl1981,
  author    = {Anders, F. and Schartl, Manfred and Scholl, E.},
  title     = {Evaluation of environmental and hereditary factors in carcinogenesis, based on studies in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72741},
  year      = {1981},
  abstract  = {Neoplasia in Xiphophorus can be classified into a) a large group that is triggered by carcinogens; b) a large group triggered by promoters; c) a small group that develops "spontaneously" following interpopulational and interracial hybridizations; and d) a small group that develops "spontaneously" following germ line mutation. The process leading to susceptibility for neoplasia is represented by the disintegration of gene systems that normally protect the fish from neoplasia. Hybridization is the most effective process that leads to disintegration of the protection gene systems. Environmental factors may complete disintegration and thus may trigger neoplasia. It is discussed whether the findings on Xiphophorus may also apply to humans.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchreibmanSchartlKallmanetal.1994,
  author    = {Schreibman, Martin P. and Schartl, Manfred and Kallman, Klaus D. and Magliulo-Cepriano, Lucia},
  title     = {Molecular approaches to study the genetic regulation of the fish reproductive system},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86679},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Fische},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchartlMaeuelerRaulfetal.1988,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and M{\"a}ueler, Winfried and Raulf, Friedrich and Robertson, Scott M.},
  title     = {Molecular aspects of melanoma formation in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72689},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchartlSchartlAnders1981,
  author    = {Schartl, A. and Schartl, Manfred and Anders, F.},
  title     = {Phenotypic conversion of malignant melanoma to benign melanoma and vice versa in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86662},
  year      = {1981},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PeterSchartlAndersetal.1985,
  author    = {Peter, R. U. and Schartl, Manfred and Anders, F. and Duncker, H.-R.},
  title     = {Pigment pattern formation during embryogenesis in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69370},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GotzSchartl1994,
  author    = {Gotz, R. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {The conservation of neurotrophic factors during vertebrate evolution},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61964},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AndersSchartlBarnekow1984,
  author    = {Anders, Fritz and Schartl, Manfred and Barnekow, Angelika},
  title     = {Xiphophorus as an in vivo model for studies on oncogenes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86398},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The capacity of Xiphophorus to develop neoplasia can be formally assigned to a "tumor gene" (Tu), which appears to be a normal part of the genome of all individuals. The wild fish have evolved population-specific and cell type-specific systems of regulatory genes (R) for Tu that protect the fish from neoplasia. Hybridization of members of different wild populations in the laborstory followed by treatment of the hybrids with carcinogens led to disintegration of the R systems permitting excessive expression of Tu and thus resulting in neoplasia. Certain hybrids developed neoplasia even spontaneously. Observations on the genuine phenotypic effect of the derepressed Tu in the early embryo indicated an essential normal function of this oncogene in cell differentiation, proliferation and cell-cell communication. Tu appeared to be indispensable in the genome but may also be present in accessory copics. Recently, c-src, the cellular homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus oncogene v-src, was detected in Xiphophorus. The protein product of c-src, pp60c-src, was identified and then examined by its associated kinase activity. This pp60c-src was found in all individuals tested, but, depending on the genotype, its kinase activity was different. The genetic characters of c-src, such as linkage relations, dosage relations, expression, etc., correspond to those of Tu. From a systematic study which showed that pp60c-src was present in all metazoa tested ranging from mammals down to sponges, we concluded that c-src has evolved with the multicellular organization of animals. Neoplasia of animals and humans is a characteristic closely related to this evolution. Our data showed that small aquariurn fish, besides being used successfully because they are time-, space-, and money-saving systems for carcinogenicity testing, are also highly suitable for basic studies on neoplasia at the populational, morphological, developmental, cell biological, and molecular levels.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}