@phdthesis{Matthes2014,
  author    = {Matthes, Philipp Robert},
  title     = {Neue Ln-N-Koordinationspolymere und MOFs als Hybridmaterialien f{\"u}r effektive Lumineszenz und neuartige Phosphore},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-109519},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Komplexen, Koordinationspolymeren und MOFs auf der Basis von dreiwertigen Lanthanidchloriden und verschiedenen verbr{\"u}ckenden Azin- und Diazin-Liganden beschrieben. Ziel war es neuartige Koordinationspolymere mit effektiven Photolumineszenzeigenschaften zu generieren. Es konnten 44 neue organisch-anorganische Hybridmaterialien pr{\"a}sentiert werden. Der Fokus der Arbeit lag neben der strukturellen Charakterisierung auf der Bestimmung der Photolumineszenzeigenschaften und der Betrachtung der thermischen Eigenschaften der Verbindungen. Bei solvothermalen Reaktionen von wasserfreien Lanthanidchloriden mit den Liganden 4,4'-Bipyridin (bipy) und Pyridin (py) konnten die dinuklearen Komplexe [Ln2Cl6(bipy)(py)6] mit Ln = Y, Pr, Nd, Sm-Yb, die strangartigen Koordinationspolymere 1∞[LnCl3(bipy)(py)2]·(py) mit Ln = Gd-Er, Yb und 1∞[Lu2Cl5(bipy)2 (py)4]1∞[LuCl4(bipy)], sowie das 2D-Netzwerk 2∞[Ce2Cl6(bipy)4]·(py) synthetisiert und mithilfe der R{\"o}ntgeneinkristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert werden. Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an den Verbindungen ergaben außergew{\"o}hnliche Photolumineszenzeigenschaften auf der Basis von Ln3+-Ionen mit Emissionen im UV-VIS und NIR-Bereich. Im Falle des dinuklearen Komplexes konnten mithilfe der Ionen Y3+, Gd3+, Tb3+ und Eu3+ Lichtemission in den RGB-Grundfarben generiert werden. Der Einfluss salzsaurer Bedingungen f{\"u}hrt zur Bildung der pyridiniumhaltigen Nebenphasen [Hpy]1∞[LnCl4(bipy)] mit Ln = Y, Tb), Yb, Lu, [Hpy]22∞[Sm2Cl8(bipy)3]·2(py) und [Hdpa] [EuCl4(dpa)]. Unter der Verwendung einer Schmelzsyntheseroute wurden die Verbindungen 3∞[La2Cl6(bipy)5] ·4(bipy) 2∞[Ln2Cl6(bipy)3]·2(bipy) mit Ln = Nd, Sm-Dy, Er, Yb und eine Dotierreihe mit Ln = Gd2-x-yEuxTy (x,y = 0-1), welche vor einigen Jahren im Arbeitskreis von Prof. M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum et al. entdeckt wurden, dargestellt. Der Fokus der Arbeit lag hierbei auf der Bestimmung der Photolumineszenzeigenschaften der Netzwerke, wobei vor allem bei der Dotierreihe unter der Verwendung von Ln3+-zentrierter Emission ein stufenloses Farbtuning der Emissionsfarbe von gr{\"u}n nach rot erreicht werden konnte. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden an diesen Verbindungen systematische Untersuchungen zur strukturellen Aufkl{\"a}rung, der bei h{\"o}heren Temperaturen entstehenden Netzwerk- und Ger{\"u}stverbindungen, durchgef{\"u}hrt. Hierbei konnten Kondensationsprodukte wie 3∞[LaCl3(bipy)], 2∞[Ln3Cl9(bipy)3] mit Ln = Pr, Sm, 2∞[Ho2Cl6(bipy)2] und 2∞[Gd2Cl6(qtpy)(bpy)]·(bipy) strukturell aufgekl{\"a}rt werden. Die {\"U}bertragung der solvothermalen Syntheseroute unter der Verwendung von Pyridin auf die gegen{\"u}ber bipy verl{\"a}ngerten Azin-Liganden Dipyridylethen (dpe) bzw. -ethan (dpa) erwies sich als erfolgreich und resultierte in eine Erweiterung der Strukturchemie durch die Darstellung der lumineszierenden Koordinations-polymere 2∞[La2Cl6(dpe)3(py)2]·(dpe), 1∞[LnCl3(dpe)(py)2]·0.5(dpe)0.5(py) mit Ln = Eu, Gd, Er, 2∞[LaCl3(dpa)2]·(dpa) und 1∞[LnCl3(dpa)(py)2]·0.5(dpa)0.5(py) mit Ln = Gd, Er. Eine Verk{\"u}rzung des bipy-Liganden in Form der Di-Azinen wie Pyrazin (pyz), Pyrimidin (pym) und Pyridazin (pyd) und deren Umsetzung mit LnCl3 f{\"u}hrte zur Bildung von Komplexen und polymeren Strukturen wie 3∞[LaCl3(pyz)], [Ln2Cl6(pyz)(py)6]·2(pyz) mit Ln = Sm, Er, 1∞[Sm2Cl6(μ-pym)2(pym)3]·(pym), [Er2Cl6(pym)6] und [ErCl3(η-pyd)(pyd)2] mit Lumineszenzeigenschaften auf der Basis der jeweiligen Liganden und Ln3+-Ionen.},
  subject      = {Lanthanoide},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Meyer2015,
  author    = {Meyer, Larissa Valerie},
  title     = {D{\"u}nne Filme, Detektoren sowie Co-Dotierungen und Mischbarkeiten auf Basis von lumineszierenden Erdalkali-/Selten-Erd-Imidazolat-Ger{\"u}stverbindungen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121501},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {This thesis deals with the formation of thin films and luminescence based detectors as well as co-dopings and larger miscibilities in luminescent alkaline earth / rare earth imidazolate coordination polymers and MOFs (metal organic frameworks). The formation of luminescent thin films of the coordination polymers 3∞[Sr1-xEux(Im)2] (x = 0 - 1) and the MOFs 3∞[Tb(Im)3] and 3∞[Ce(Im)3ImH]·ImH on nanostructured alumina substrates (AAO-substrates) was enabled by a new in-situ coating method based on a solvent free melt synthesis. Various layer thicknesses as well as different degrees of coverage were achieved. For the in-situ deposition of 3∞[Sr0.95Eu0.05(Im)2] two different coating strategies for the AAO substrates were established. In addition to the melt approach an electride induced coating method was carried out. Extraordinary baryte rose analogue crystals were observed on the AAO surface for the electride induced coating method. The deposition of the MOFs 3∞[Tb(Im)3] and 3∞[Ce(Im)3ImH]·ImH also took place via CVD processes (chemical vapor deposition). Thin luminescent films of the framework 3∞[Eu(Im)2] on (0001)-sapphire sub-strates were created by a new femto-PLD-process (femto-pulsed-laser-deposition). The films displayed a switchable transparency depending on the wavelength of the incoming light. 3∞[Sr0.95Eu0.05(Im)2], 3∞[Tb(Im)3] and 3∞[Ce(Im)3ImH]·ImH were examined as potential sensors or detectors regarding eight solvents and four gases. The exposure of the networks to water lead to a complete loss of luminescence intensity. MeOH-exposure is followed by a batho-chromic shift of the chromaticity of 3∞[Sr0.95Eu0.05(Im)2] from turquoise to orange. Acetone, pyridine, toluene, hexane, acetonitrile and dichloromethane increase the luminescence in-tensity of 3∞[Sr0.95Eu0.05(Im)2] and 3∞[Tb(Im)3]. The luminescence intensity of 3∞[Ce(Im)3ImH]·ImH is increased by acetonitrile as well as dichloromethane, but decreased under the influence of the other investigated solvents. The interaction of O2 and CO2 lead to a decrease of luminescence intensity by a turn-off-effect with the compounds 3∞[Tb(Im)3] and 3∞[Ce(Im)3ImH]·ImH, whereas no influence on the luminescence intensity of 3∞[Sr0.95Eu0.05(Im)2] was observed during exposure to N2, Ar, O2 and CO2. New coordination polymers 3∞[La4(Im)12(ImH)5]∙xImH (x = 2 - 3) and 3∞[Gd(Im)3] were synthe-sized as missing parts in the field of rare earth imidazolates. Both networks and the known alkaline earth imidazolates 2∞[Ca(Im)2(ImH)2], 3∞[Sr(Im)2] and 3∞[Ba(Im)2] as well as the rare earth imidazolates 3∞[Y(Im)3], 3∞[Ln(Im)3ImH]·ImH (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm), 3∞[Gd2(Im)6(ImH)1.5]·0.5 ImH and 3∞[Tb(Im)3] were used as host lattice for the intrinsic luminescence of the Ln-ions Ce3+, Sm3+, Eu2+, Tb3+, Dy3+ and Yb3+. In addition to co-doping, larger miscibilities and possible phase boundaries were investigated. The correlation be-tween structure and luminescence as well as the possibility of color tuning based on additive color mixing of the emission colors were explored with the obtained bulk materials. Furthermore, the solvent free approach was expanded to alkaline earth and lanthanide met-als and the bicyclic ligand 1H-benzimidazole. The monomeric complexes [M(BIm)2(BImH)4] (M = Ca, Sr, Eu) and the two dimensional coordination polymers ²[AE(BIm)2] (AE = Mg, Ba) and ²[Eu(BIm)2(BImH)2] were synthesized and fully characterized. In the case of the Ba con-taining network two polymorphic forms of the network were obtained.},
  subject      = {Metallorganisches Netzwerk},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Rieger2019,
  author    = {Rieger, Max},
  title     = {Preconcentration with Metal-Organic Frameworks as adsorbents for airborne Explosives and Hazardous Materials - A study using inverse gas chromatography},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-17775},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177750},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Sensitivity and selectivity remain the central technical requirement for analytical devices, detectors and sensors. Especially in the gas phase, concentrations of threat substances can be very low (e.g. explosives) or have severe effects on health even at low concentrations (e.g. benzene) while it contains many potential interferents. Preconcentration, facilitated by active or passive sampling of air by an adsorbent, followed by thermal desorption, results in these substances being released in a smaller volume, effectively increasing their concentration. Traditionally, a wide range of adsorbents, such as active carbons or porous polymers, are used for preconcentration. However, many adsorbents either show chemical reactions due to active surfaces, serious water retention or high background emission due to thermal instability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a hybrid substance class, composed inorganic and organic building blocks, being a special case of coordination polymers containing pores. They can be tailored for specific applications such as gas storage, separation, catalysis, sensors or drug delivery. This thesis is focused on investigating MOFs for their use in thermal preconcentration for airborne detection systems. A pre-screening method for MOF-adsorbate interactions was developed and applied, namely inverse gas chromatography (iGC). Using this pulse chromatographic method, the interaction of MOFs and molecules from the class of explosives and volatile organic compounds was studied at different temperatures and compared to thermal desorption results. In the first part, it is shown that archetype MOFs (HKUST-1, MIL-53 and Fe-BTC) outperformed the state-of-the-art polymeric adsorbent Tenax® TA in nitromethane preconcentration for a 1000 (later 1) ppm nitromethane source. For HKUST-1, a factor of more than 2000 per g of adsorbent was achieved, about 100 times higher than for Tenax. Thereby, a nitromethane concentration of 1 ppb could be increased to 2 ppm. High enrichment is addressed to the specific interaction of the nitro group as by iGC, which was determined by comparing nitromethane's free enthalpy of adsorption with the respective saturated alkane. Also, HKUST-1 shows a similar mode of sorption (enthalpy-entropy compensation) for nitro and saturated alkanes. In the second part, benzene of 1 ppm of concentration was enriched with a similar setup, using 2nd generation MOFs, primarily UiO-66 and UiO-67, under dry and humid (50 \%rH) conditions using constant sampling times. Not any MOF within the study did surpass the polymeric Tenax in benzene preconcentration. This is most certainly due to low sampling times - while Tenax may be highly saturated after 600 s, MOFs are not. For regular UiO-66, four differently synthesized samples showed a strongly varying behavior for dry and humid enrichment which cannot be completely explained. iGC investigations with regular alkanes and BTEX compounds revealed that confinement factors and dispersive surface energy were different for all UiO-66 samples. Using physicochemical parameters from iGC, no unified hypothesis explaining all variances could be developed. Altogether, it was shown that MOFs can replace or add to state-of-the-art adsorbents for the enrichment of specific analytes with preconcentration being a universal sensitivity-boosting concept for detectors and sensors. Especially with iGC as a powerful screening tool, most suitable MOFs for the respective target analyte can be evaluated. iGC can be used for determining "single point" retention volumes, which translate into partition coefficients for a specific MOF × analyte × temperature combination.},
  subject      = {Metallorganisches Netzwerk},
  language  = {en}
}