@article{HautmannDoepfnerKatzmannetal.2018, author = {Hautmann, Christopher and D{\"o}pfner, Manfred and Katzmann, Josepha and Sch{\"u}rmann, Stephanie and Wolff Metternich-Kaizman, Tanja and Jaite, Charlotte and Kappel, Viola and Geissler, Julia and Warnke, Andreas and Jacob, Christian and Hennighausen, Klaus and Haack-Dees, Barbara and Schneider-Momm, Katja and Philipsen, Alexandra and Matthies, Swantje and R{\"o}sler, Michael and Retz, Wolfgang and Gontard, Alexander von and Sobanski, Esther and Alm, Barbara and Hohmann, Sarah and H{\"a}ge, Alexander and Poustka, Luise and Colla, Michael and Gentschow, Laura and Freitag, Christine M. and Becker, Katja and Jans, Thomas}, title = {Sequential treatment of ADHD in mother and child (AIMAC study): importance of the treatment phases for intervention success in a randomized trial}, series = {BMC Psychiatry}, volume = {18}, journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, doi = {10.1186/s12888-018-1963-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227930}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background The efficacy of parent-child training (PCT) regarding child symptoms may be reduced if the mother has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The AIMAC study (ADHD in Mothers and Children) aimed to compensate for the deteriorating effect of parental psychopathology by treating the mother (Step 1) before the beginning of PCT (Step 2). This secondary analysis was particularly concerned with the additional effect of the Step 2 PCT on child symptoms after the Step 1 treatment. Methods The analysis included 143 mothers and children (aged 6-12 years) both diagnosed with ADHD. The study design was a two-stage, two-arm parallel group trial (Step 1 treatment group [TG]: intensive treatment of the mother including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; Step 1 control group [CG]: supportive counseling only for mother; Step 2 TG and CG: PCT). Single- and multi-group analyses with piecewise linear latent growth curve models were applied to test for the effects of group and phase. Child symptoms (e.g., ADHD symptoms, disruptive behavior) were rated by three informants (blinded clinician, mother, teacher). Results Children in the TG showed a stronger improvement of their disruptive behavior as rated by mothers than those in the CG during Step 1 (Step 1: TG vs. CG). In the CG, according to reports of the blinded clinician and the mother, the reduction of children's disruptive behavior was stronger during Step 2 than during Step 1 (CG: Step 1 vs. Step 2). In the TG, improvement of child outcome did not differ across treatment steps (TG: Step 1 vs. Step 2). Conclusions Intensive treatment of the mother including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may have small positive effects on the child's disruptive behavior. PCT may be a valid treatment option for children with ADHD regarding disruptive behavior, even if mothers are not intensively treated beforehand. Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN73911400. Registered 29 March 2007.}, language = {en} } @article{AkhrifRomanosDomschkeetal.2018, author = {Akhrif, Atae and Romanos, Marcel and Domschke, Katharina and Schmitt-Boehrer, Angelika and Neufang, Susanne}, title = {Fractal Analysis of BOLD Time Series in a Network Associated With Waiting Impulsivity}, series = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2018.01378}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189191}, pages = {1378}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Fractal phenomena can be found in numerous scientific areas including neuroscience. Fractals are structures, in which the whole has the same shape as its parts. A specific structure known as pink noise (also called fractal or 1/f noise) is one key fractal manifestation, exhibits both stability and adaptability, and can be addressed via the Hurst exponent (H). FMRI studies using H on regional fMRI time courses used fractality as an important characteristic to unravel neural networks from artificial noise. In this fMRI-study, we examined 103 healthy male students at rest and while performing the 5-choice serial reaction time task. We addressed fractality in a network associated with waiting impulsivity using the adaptive fractal analysis (AFA) approach to determine H. We revealed the fractal nature of the impulsivity network. Furthermore, fractality was influenced by individual impulsivity in terms of decreasing fractality with higher impulsivity in regions of top-down control (left middle frontal gyrus) as well as reward processing (nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex). We conclude that fractality as determined via H is a promising marker to quantify deviations in network functions at an early stage and, thus, to be able to inform preventive interventions before the manifestation of a disorder.}, language = {en} } @article{GeisslerJansBanaschewskietal.2018, author = {Geissler, Julia and Jans, Thomas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Becker, Katja and Renner, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and D{\"o}pfner, Manfred and Dose, Christina and Hautmann, Christopher and Holtmann, Martin and Jenkner, Carolin and Millenet, Sabina and Romanos, Marcel}, title = {Individualised short-term therapy for adolescents impaired by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder despite previous routine care treatment (ESCAadol)-Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial within the consortium ESCAlife}, series = {Trials}, volume = {19}, journal = {Trials}, number = {254}, doi = {10.1186/s13063-018-2635-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176061}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Despite the high persistence rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) throughout the lifespan, there is a considerable gap in knowledge regarding effective treatment strategies for adolescents with ADHD. This group in particular often shows substantial psychosocial impairment, low compliance and insufficient response to psychopharmacological interventions. Effective and feasible treatments should further consider the developmental shift in ADHD symptoms, comorbidity and psychosocial adversity as well as family dysfunction. Thus, individualised interventions for adolescent ADHD should comprise a multimodal treatment strategy. The randomised controlled ESCAadol study addresses the needs of this patient group and compares the outcome of short-term cognitive behavioural therapy with parent-based telephone-assisted self-help. Methods/design: In step 1, 160 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD will undergo a treatment as usual (TAU) observation phase of 1 month. In step 2, those still severely affected are randomised to the intervention group with an Individualised Modular Treatment Programme (IMTP) or a telephone-assisted self-help programme for parents (TASH) as an active control condition. The IMTP was specifically designed for the needs of adolescent ADHD. It comprises 10 sessions of individual cognitive behavioural therapy with the adolescents and/or the parents, for which participants choose three out of 10 available focus modules (e.g. organisational skills and planning, emotion regulation, problem solving and stress management, dysfunctional family communication). TASH combines a bibliotherapeutic component with 10 counselling sessions for the parents via telephone. Primary outcome is the change in ADHD symptoms in a clinician-rated diagnostic interview. Outcomes are assessed at inclusion into the study, after the TAU phase, after the intervention phase and after a further 12-week follow-up period. The primary statistical analysis will be by intention-to-treat, using linear regression models. Additionally, we will analyse psychometric and biological predictors and moderators of treatment response. Discussion: ESCAadol compares two short-term non-pharmacological interventions as cost-efficient and feasible treatment options for adolescent ADHD, addressing the specific needs and obstacles to treatment success in this group. We aim to contribute to personalised medicine for adolescent ADHD intended to be implemented in routine clinical care.}, language = {en} } @article{EmserJohnstonSteeleetal.2018, author = {Emser, Theresa S. and Johnston, Blair A. and Steele, J. Douglas and Kooij, Sandra and Thorell, Lisa and Christiansen, Hanna}, title = {Assessing ADHD symptoms in children and adults: evaluating the role of objective measures}, series = {Behavioral and Brain Functions}, volume = {14}, journal = {Behavioral and Brain Functions}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1186/s12993-018-0143-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175717}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Diagnostic guidelines recommend using a variety of methods to assess and diagnose ADHD. Applying subjective measures always incorporates risks such as informant biases or large differences between ratings obtained from diverse sources. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that ratings and tests seem to assess somewhat different constructs. The use of objective measures might thus yield valuable information for diagnosing ADHD. This study aims at evaluating the role of objective measures when trying to distinguish between individuals with ADHD and controls. Our sample consisted of children (n = 60) and adults (n = 76) diagnosed with ADHD and matched controls who completed self- and observer ratings as well as objective tasks. Diagnosis was primarily based on clinical interviews. A popular pattern recognition approach, support vector machines, was used to predict the diagnosis. Results: We observed relatively high accuracy of 79\% (adults) and 78\% (children) applying solely objective measures. Predicting an ADHD diagnosis using both subjective and objective measures exceeded the accuracy of objective measures for both adults (89.5\%) and children (86.7\%), with the subjective variables proving to be the most relevant. Conclusions: We argue that objective measures are more robust against rater bias and errors inherent in subjective measures and may be more replicable. Considering the high accuracy of objective measures only, we found in our study, we think that they should be incorporated in diagnostic procedures for assessing ADHD.}, language = {en} } @article{OezkurMagyarThomasetal.2018, author = {Oezkur, Mehmet and Magyar, Atilla and Thomas, Phillip and Reif, Andreas and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Leyh, Rainer G. and Wagner, Martin}, title = {The COMT-polymorphism is not associated with the incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery - a prospective cohort study}, series = {BMC Nephrology}, volume = {19}, journal = {BMC Nephrology}, number = {34}, doi = {10.1186/s12882-018-0820-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175529}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: The Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) represents the key enzyme in catecholamine degradation. Recent studies suggest that the COMT rs4680 polymorphism is associated with the response to endogenous and exogenous catecholamines. There are, however, conflicting data regarding the COMT Met/Met phenotype being associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. The aim of the current study is to prospectively investigate the impact of the COMT rs4680 polymorphism on the incidence of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: In this prospective single center cohort study consecutive patients hospitalized for elective cardiac surgery including cardiopulmonary-bypass (CPB) were screened for participation. Demographic clinical data, blood, urine and tissue samples were collected at predefined time points throughout the clinical stay. AKI was defined according to recent recommendations of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) group. Genetic analysis was performed after patient enrolment was completed. Results: Between April and December 2014, 150 patients were recruited. The COMT genotypes were distributed as follows: Val/Met 48.7\%, Met/Met 29.3\%, Val/Val 21.3\%. No significant differences were found for demography, comorbidities, or operative strategy according to the underlying COMT genotype. AKI occurred in 35 patients (23.5\%) of the total cohort, and no differences were evident between the COMT genotypes (20.5\% Met/Met, 24.7\% Val/Met, 25.0\% Val/Val, p = 0.66). There were also no differences in the post-operative period, including ICU or in-hospital stay. Conclusions: We did not find statistically significant variations in the risk for postoperative AKI, length of ICU or in-hospital stay according to the underlying COMT genotype.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fekete2018, author = {Fekete, Stefanie}, title = {Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring (TDM) von Kindern und Jugendlichen unter Behandlung mit Tiaprid : eine prospektive naturalistische Beobachtungsstudie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173085}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Tiaprid wird bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im deutschsprachigen Raum als Mittel der ersten Wahl zur Behandlung von Ticst{\"o}rungen off-label eingesetzt. Es gilt dabei die generelle Empfehlung, Therapeutischen Drug Monitoring (TDM) bei der Behandlung von Minderj{\"a}hrigen mit Neuro-/Psychopharmaka durchzuf{\"u}hren. Therapeutische Referenzbereiche f{\"u}r Tiaprid sind bisher jedoch nur f{\"u}r erwachsene Patienten mit Chorea Huntington definiert worden (1000 bis 2000 ng/ml) (Hiemke et al., 2011). An ausgew{\"a}hlten Zentren im Rahmen des Kompetenznetzwerks Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie (www.tdm-kjp.com) wurden von 2007 bis 2014 standardisiert TDM-Daten erfasst, um den Zusammenhang zwischen Dosis, Serumkonzentration, Wirksamkeit und UAW von Tiaprid zu untersuchen sowie Hinweise auf einen m{\"o}glichen alters- und diagnosespezifischen therapeutischen Referenzbereich zu generieren. Bei den 49 Patienten (mittleres Alter 12,5 Jahre; 84 \% m{\"a}nnlich) zeigte sich eine positive Korrelation (r= 0.76; p< .001) zwischen der Dosis (Mittelwert 354 mg) und der Serumkonzentration von Tiaprid (Mittelwert 1324 ng/ml) mit einer ausgepr{\"a}gten interindividuellen Variabilit{\"a}t, jedoch keine Beziehung zwischen Serumkonzentration und Wirkeffekt (83,3 \% profitierten) bzw. UAW in der Gesamtpopulation. Die Auswertung der Verlaufsmessungen von Patienten mit mehreren Messungen der Tiaprid-Serumkonzentration ergab beim dritten Messzeitpunkt eine negative Korrelation zwischen Wirkeffekt und Serumkonzentration (r= -.68; p= .032). Bei Patienten mit Serumkonzentrationen unter 2000 ng/ml wurde ein g{\"u}nstigerer klinischer Effekt dokumentiert als bei solchen mit Konzentrationen oberhalb dieses Wertes. Die ROC-Analyse ergab eine Sensitivit{\"a}t von 86 \%, ab einer Konzentration von 618 ng/ml zu respondieren (AUC= .524). Kein Patient litt an einer schweren UAW und nur wenige Patienten unter leichten oder mittelschweren UAW (n=13). Diese Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass der untere therapeutische Referenzbereich f{\"u}r jugendliche Patienten mit einer Tic-St{\"o}rung bei etwa 600 ng/ml liegt und die obere Grenze von 2000 ng/ml auch als Orientierungswert auf Kinder und Jugendliche gelten k{\"o}nnte. Bevor diesbez{\"u}glich g{\"u}ltige Empfehlungen f{\"u}r den klinischen Alltag formuliert werden, m{\"u}ssen Studien mit h{\"o}heren Fallzahlen und mehr kontrollierten Studiendesigns abgewartet werden. }, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Reefschlaeger2018, author = {Reefschl{\"a}ger, Lennart Gunnar}, title = {Expressionsanalysen monoaminerger Kandidatengene bei der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung und Autismusspektrumsst{\"o}rung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-162371}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Objectives. In absence of objective clinical characteristics the identification of peripheral biomarkers in neuropsychiatric disorders is highly relevant for the diagnostic process and an individualized therapy. We analyzed mRNA-expression of monoaminergic candidate genes (DRD4, DRD5, TPH1) in peripheral tissue of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), highly comorbid with ADHD, searching for possible molecular markers for these disorders. Methods. mRNA was obtained from children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 51) and ASD (n = 26), diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria, as well as healthy controls (n = 39). mRNA expression was determined via quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR) from whole blood cells. Results. The concentrations of DRD4-mRNA in the whole blood were significantly lower in ADHD and ASD children (19 of 26 comorbid with ADHD) compared to healthy controls. ASD patients revealed a significantly decreased DRD5 mRNA expression in comparison to the two other groups. Conclusions. Alterations in mRNA expression patterns provide further evidence for a relevant effect of the respective candidate genes in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Given their potential as biomarkers mRNA expression patterns may be useful tools in (differential-) diagnostic procedures of ADHD and ASD. Future studies may determine the sensitivity and specificity of these putative biomarkers in larger samples including further neuropsychiatric diagnoses.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Albantakis2018, author = {Albantakis, Laura Irena Teresa}, title = {Periphere Expression von Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Autismus-Spektrum-St{\"o}rungen}, edition = {um 2 Leerseiten korrigierte Ausgabe}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157172}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Neurotrophine beeinflussen durch die Modulation von Prozessen wie Zellproliferation, -migration, Apoptose und Synapsenbildung entscheidend die neuronale Plastizit{\"a}t. Sie gelten deshalb als Kandidatengene neuronaler Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen wie Autismus-Spektrum-St{\"o}rungen (ASS). Die vorgelegte Arbeit zielt auf die weitere Kl{\"a}rung der Rolle von Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) bei der {\"A}tiopathophysiologie der ASS durch Expressionsanalysen im Blut als potenziellem Surrogat zentralnerv{\"o}ser Prozesse. In gut charakterisierten ASS-Stichproben und - neben gesunden Kontrollprobanden - einer klinischen Kontrollgruppe von Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung (ADHS) wurde die BDNF-mRNA-Expression in Vollblut sowie BDNF-Proteinserumkonzentrationen untersucht. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden m{\"o}gliche Einflussfaktoren auf die BDNF-Werte wie Alter, IQ, autismusspezifische Symptomatik, Komorbidit{\"a}t und Medikation analysiert. In einer ersten Stichprobe (ASS-Patienten versus gesunde Kontrollen) wurden signifikant erniedrigte BDNF-Serumkonzentrationen in der Patientengruppe mittels Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay gemessen (p = 0,040). In einer zweiten unabh{\"a}ngigen Stichprobe (Patienten mit ASS, Patienten mit ADHS und gesunde Kontrollen) wurde auf mRNA-Ebene mittels quantitativer Real-Time-Polymerasekettenreaktion ebenfalls ein signifikanter Gruppenunterschied ermittelt mit erniedrigter BDNF-Expression in der ASS-Gruppe im Vergleich zu gesunder Kontrollgruppe (p = 0,011), sowie einem Trend zu erniedrigten BDNF-Werten bei ADHS-Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden (p = 0,097). Des Weiteren wurde eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen Alter und BDNF-mRNA-Expression bei Patienten mit ASS sowie eine positive Korrelation von Alter und BDNF-Serumkonzentrationen bei gesunden Kontrollen gemessen. Auch korrelierten die BDNF-Werte im Serum mit der Auspr{\"a}gung des autistischen Ph{\"a}notyps. In einer Subgruppe der ADHS-Patienten wurde kein Einfluss von Psychostimulanzien auf die BDNF-mRNA-Expression gemessen. Der Einbezug gr{\"o}ßerer Stichproben sowie die systematische Erfassung weiterer potenzieller Einflussfaktoren auf die BDNF-Expression (wie pubert{\"a}rer Entwicklungsstand bzw. Geschlechtshormonkonzentrationen) k{\"o}nnten in zuk{\"u}nftigen Studien zu einer weiteren Kl{\"a}rung der pathophysiologischen Rolle von BDNF bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit ASS beitragen.}, subject = {Brain-derived neurotrophic factor}, language = {de} }