@article{BossertLaessleMeilleretal.1991,
  author    = {Bossert, Sabine and Laessle, Reinhold G. and Meiller, Caroline and Junker, Matthias and Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Pirke, Karl-Martin},
  title     = {Visual palatability of food in patients with eating disorders and dieting women},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42466},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The effects of 19 meals of different caloric content on slides on palatability and hypothetical duration of consumption were investigated in 7 patients with anorexia nervosa, 17 patients with bulimia nervosa at the beginning and after 8 weeks of hospital treatment. Nine healthy females served as controls. At the beginning of treatment, palatability of low caloric food was significantly higher and hypothetical duration of consumption of high caloric food was significantly longer in patients when compared to controls. After 8 weeks, in the patients palatability of low caloric food had decreased. Dislike for high caloric food remained stable in anorexics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1984,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {The study of nonverbal behavior and its applications: State of the art in Europe},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42997},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EllgringWallbott1986,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Wallbott, HG},
  title     = {The German case: personality correlates of emotional reactivity},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50266},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EllgringSchneiderFriedrichetal.1992,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Schneider, F. and Friedrich, J. and Fus, I. and Beyer, T. and Heimann, H. and Himer, W.},
  title     = {The effects of neuroleptics on facial action in schizophrenic patients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43269},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {This paper describes the influence of neuroleptic therapy on facial action in drug-naive schizophrenics. In a comparative study of medicated and unmedicated schizophrenic patients, the coordinates of 12 small light-reflecting points, attached to subjects' faces, were computer-recorded and analyzed automatically during a semistandardized clinical interview. In addition, facial activity in videotaped interviews was coded using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Each sample group comprised of eight patients with the DSMIII- R diagnostic criteria "schizophrenia" or "schizophreniform disorder". Subjects were studied on two occasions, one shortly after admission to the hospital, the other three weeks later. Group I was unmedicated during the first session, whereas group2 was medicated throughout the study. Three weeks after the start of medication, at the second interview, both recording methods showed a reduction in facial activity and facial expression across all subjects in group 1. The facial action of patients in group2, however, remained unchanged.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EllgringBaenningerHuber1986,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and B{\"a}nninger-Huber, E.},
  title     = {The coding of reported emotional experiences: antecedents and reactions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50247},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{ClarkeEllgringWagner1980,
  author    = {Clarke, AH and Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Wagner, H.},
  title     = {Situational effects on the syntax of speech and gaze behaviour in dyads},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50316},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1980},
  abstract  = {A substantial literature exists on the coordination of speaking and looking behaviour and their significance as indicators for the production and reception of social information. Within this framework, the temporal organisation of such behaviour has been 'shown to reflect both the coordination within the individual and between participants in a situation. In this paper, it is proposed that observed behavioural sequences may be formally described by rules of syntax, thus implying the likelihood of structural organisation as opposed to, for example, linear time dependence between behavioural states. This being the case, differing sets of rules and grammars respectively can be expected for various social situations. Clinical interviews and discu~sions between couples on a topic of marital conflict were analysed, the on-off patterns of speech and gaze being taken as data. The resulting behavioural repertoire was regarded, in the sense of a formal grammar, as the terminal vocabulary. A set of rewriting rules was determined and their associated probabilities inferred. The situational conditions were found to be reflectedin the syntactic features of the grammatical model - the terminal vocabulary, the production rules and the production probabilities.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EllgringWagnerClarke1980,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Wagner, H. and Clarke, AH},
  title     = {Psychopathological states and their effects on speech and gaze behaviour},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50323},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1980},
  abstract  = {Internal characteristics such as depressed mood, anxiety and general negative emotions are accompanied, particularly during depressive illness, by changes in observable behaviour. Accordingly, the following questions may be examined: are intra-individual changes in speech and gaze behaviour related to changes in the internal psychopathological state? Further, do these changes occur synchronously to changes in the state of subjective well-being? A longitudinal study was made on depressed patients. Their behaviour was observed during standardised interviews and diagnostic-therapeutic discussions held at regu~ lar intervals. Various speech and gaze parameters were examined with respect to their coordination and their relationship to the subjective state of well-being. Considerable variation was found in the temporal relationship amongst these variables. The results are discussed with respect to the relevance of speech parameters and the coordination of verbal and nonverbal behaviour as indicators of the psychopathological condition.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{CranachEllgring1973,
  author    = {Cranach, Mario von and Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Problems in the recognition of gaze direction},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42147},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1973},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{VollmerEllgringFerstl1992,
  author    = {Vollmer, H. C. and Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Ferstl, R.},
  title     = {Prediction of premature termination of therapy in the treatment of drug addicts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50274},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EllgringOertelUlmetal.1992,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Oertel, W. H. and Ulm, G. and Gasser, T. and Perleth, B. and Seiler, S.},
  title     = {Partnership and depression in Parkinson's Disease},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42516},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {In this study, the influence of partnership on depression and coping with Parkinson's disease has been investigated. Twentythree single female patients, 46 married patients (23 female, 23 male) with unimpaired partnership and 42 patients (21 female, 21 male) whose partnership had worsened since the onset of disease, were compared with regard to depression and self reported extent of psychosocial distress. Single female patients tended to have higher depression scores than patients in a stable partnership, especially in items concerning personal worthlessness and senselessness of life. Patients differed in the extent of distress concerning social behavior, psychological problems/anxiety and efficiency. Within the group of single female patients two subgroups emerged: (1) patients with low extent of distress in all aspects; (2) patients who were highly distressed by psychological problems and physical disability but weakly distressed from social interaction. Male and female patients living in a stable partnership reported only a generally low to moderate extent of distress. More than half of the male and female patients who reported an impairment of their relationship also had scores of moderate to severe depression. These patients also had the h~ghest extent of distress in each ofthe aspects assessed. The results are dicussed with regard to possible interactive effects ofthe disease, quality of the partnership and availability of coping strategies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Ellgring1986,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Nonverbal expression of psychological states in psychiatric patients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43179},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {Nonverbal behavior, especially facial expression, appears as one of the most important means for communicating affective states. Studies on groups of psychiatric patients and control subjects are reported in which nonverbal behavior is analyzed from videotaped dialogues. Using a quantitative approach, results on facial behavior, speech, and gaze are described, which shed light on the expressive and communicative functions of nonverbal behavior. From longitudinal observations on depressed patients it emerged that individualspecific associations have to be taken into account for the relationship between expressive behavior and mood changes. The predominance of facial behavior in the speaker role of an individual found in patients and control groups points to the integrated communicative function of the verbal and nonverbal elements. However, recovered schizophrenic patients exhibited a dissociation of these elements. Implications for our understanding of nonverbal communications are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Ellgring1981,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Nonverbal communication - A review of research in Germany},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42022},
  year      = {1981},
  abstract  = {This paper presents an overview of the research on nonverbal communication that has appeared in the German-language literature during the past decade, and gives some treatment of its relationship to Ausdruckspsychologie. Empirical studies, recent theoretical issues, and methodological developments are discussed. - Although nonverbal communication often plays an essential role in diagnosis and treatment, it has been widely neglected in academic training for the past 20 years. This inconsistency may partly be due to the outright rejection of the classical Ausdruckspsychologie during the 1960's. In order to avoid the fate of Ausdruckspsychologie, it will be necessary to extend our knowledge of nonverbal communication by means of further methodological development and empirical investigation},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1991,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Introduction. The use of Video for behavior description and intervention},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42019},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{VollmerFerstlEllgring1992,
  author    = {Vollmer, Heinz C. and Ferstl, Roman and Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Individualized behavior therapy for drug addicts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33817},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EllgringRime1986,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Rim{\´e}, Bernard},
  title     = {Individual differences in emotional reactions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50252},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Ellgring1989,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Facial expression as a behavioral indicator of emotional states},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58753},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {This article gives an overview of possibilities for the assessment offacial behavior. With regard to validity, results from a longitudinal study of 36 depressed patients and nine controls as weil as often schizophrenic patients and their relatives will be referred to. These results are used to illustrate the following principles which have to be taken into account when studying facial behavior: a) communication strongly facilitates facial expression, b) activation of facial behavior follows the "principle of least effort", and c) the principle of individual specificity applies to the association of nonverbal behavior and mood states. Making allowance for these principles has, among others, consequences a) for situations or conditions under which to asses behavior (specifically conditions of communication), b) for data analysis (e.g., dealing with frequent and rare events), and c) for empirical or experimental strategies (e.g., aggregation of single-case longitudinal comparisons). From the results on facial behavior during depression it can be concluded that the nonverbal reaction tendencies of endogenous and neurotic depressed patients differ. Moreover, the differential behavioral pattems observed cast doubt on the assumption of a homogeneity of affects in depression. Taking into account the conditions which govern it, facial behavior has proved to be a valid and, especially, a differential indicator for pathoIogic affective states and their changes. Given the fact that a psychiatric illness generally incorporates emotional problems it is more than surprising that little attention has been paid to the systematic study of emotional behavior. Some of the reasons for this will be clarified in the following.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EllgringGaebel1992,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Gaebel, W.},
  title     = {Experimental psychopathology in biological psychiatry and pharmacology},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43246},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EllgringClarke1977,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Clarke, A. H.},
  title     = {Event triggered observation as a method for the study of gestural behaviour},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42491},
  year      = {1977},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{ClarkeEllgring1983,
  author    = {Clarke, AH and Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Computer-aided video},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50332},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1983},
  abstract  = {The recent developments in microprocessor electronics and time-code equipment have vastly improved the efficiency of working with video material so that through the combination of data processing and video recording equipment a substantial rationalization of both data acquisition procedures and functional control of the recording machines may be achieved. Such a system, in which video editing and time-code control equipment is interfaced to a process computer, has been developed for the analysis of human communicative behaviour. The system provides exact indexing of the recorded material, automatic search and edit routines for the videotape machines and synchronicity of registered data. In summary, it can be maintained that given a sound theoretical basis, modern video and computer technologies can substantially increase the efficiency and accuracy of behavioural observation and analysis.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Ellgring1978,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Comment to J. Rojahn: "Validity and reliability of data from naturalistic observational studies - problems and alternatives"},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42520},
  year      = {1978},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EllgringVollmer1992,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Vollmer, Heinz C.},
  title     = {Changes of personality and depression during treatment of drug addicts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50287},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {In accordance with various other studies. the present longitudinal study gave no clues for specific personality variables or traits 01' drug addicts. Personality factors did not allow a valid prediction of the kind 01' th~apy termination. nor were there clear deviations from the norm. Analyzed as a group. the addicts showed only minor changes that appeared over the course of treatment. These results correspond to data reported on alcohol dependency (cf. Wanke 1987). A more differentiated picture is gained when stable and changeable components of personality and analyzed separately. Changeable components are of special relevance for treatment. From the current study these were characteristics of action regulation, that is, activation and impulse control, social interaction, and somatic reactions (sleep disorders, bodily reactions to drug deprivation). For relapse prevention, attention should be given to stable, persistent, problematic components. Persistent suicidal ideas turned out to be one such aspect. Like the differentiation between state and trait anxiety, stable and variable components could also be separated for other domains of personality when they are used to describe the course of treatment. How can personality concepts and instruments for assessment be utilized for treatment? The claim of therapists to predict the outcome of a treatment may be realized for only a delimited period of time. Especially at such critical points as shortly before relapse, a firm prediction might be possible only rarely (Wanke 1987). Lack of predictability could be a warning which, however, can be verified only afterward. According to the current results, one benefit of personality concepts could be to specify targets of change on an individual basis and thus clarify effects of therapeutic interventions. Personality concepts can help patients to better understand their problems and to recognize changes as weil as persistent areas of vulnerability.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EllgringSeilerPerlethetal.1990,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Seiler, S. and Perleth, B. and Gasser, T. and Oertel, W.},
  title     = {An integrated approach for the neurological and psychological support of Parkinson patients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42456},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {Introduction Although symptomatic therapy is available for Parkinson's disease, patients and relatives are faced with continuous severe psychological problems. These psychological problems include: 1. lack of emotional expression, 2. bradephrenia, 3. depression, 4. lack of motivation,S. social anxiety, 6. stress induced increase of symptoms. The first four of these may be at least in part due to the dopamine deficiency. However, even as part of the primary symptoms they have social and communicative impact for patients and relatives. Social anxiety and stress induced increase of symptoms on the other hand clearly result from an interaction of somatic and psychological factors. Social anxiety mainly develops in Parkinson I s disease as an indirect consequence of the motor symptoms. Patients are afraid of being negatively evaluated in the public, of receiving negative comments etc. Thus r social withdrawal increases and the improvement of neurological symptoms following drug treatment may not be fully exploited on the psychosocial level. Stress induced increase of motor symptoms is a commonly observed phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Even minor stressors, mainly social in nature, can have extreme effects and may elicit or increase tremor or rigidity. A patient can be well in one moment, but unable to move in the next when being aware that he has to leave the house in an hour. Given this situation, patients and relatives have to develop strategies fo~ an emotional balance in the presence of a continuous confrontation with the direct and indirect consequences of the disease. A precondition for developing new psychologically based strategies is an optimwn medical treatment. The integrated approach for neurological and psychological support has the following goals: 1. improving medical treatment for the individual patient, 2. improving psychological coping and psychosocial adaptation for patients and relatives, and 3. evaluating and improving medical and psychological therapy. CONCLUSION Psychological intervention can provide considerable help for a substantial part of Parkinson patients. The main target is coping with stressful social situations. Relaxation and cognitive restructuring together with situational behavioral analysis and training of social skills specifically adapted to the disease are" the main strategies. Various problems remain open at the moment, like the maintenance of motivation which is especially critical for Parkinson patients. Parkins on 's disease is a neurological disease with a known pathological substrate and a therapy which is effective at least for several years on a symptomatic level. The symptoms are tightly connected with psychological emotional and cognitive processes. Moreover, patients and relatives have to cope with symptoms which strongly influence social interaction. And they have to cope together with this situation over a period of ten or twenty years. Thus not only for the patient but also for the health of the relatives, psychological aid is urgently needed. We suggest to integrate psychological approach into the neurological diagnosis and treatment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EllgringClarke1977,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Clarke, Andrew H.},
  title     = {A video protocolling and retrieval system for the analysis of behaviour},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42537},
  year      = {1977},
  abstract  = {A video protocolling and retrieval system for the analysis of behaviour. Rec~nt developments in the data processing and video technologies have enabled the desIgn of automatic systems for the handling of video software. The system for the protocoIling and retrieval of audiovisual data (PRA VDA) described here has been developed for applications in behavioural observation and analysis. The facilities available, including time coding, search routines and automatic editing are explained and the advantages of computer aided operation are dealt with. Current applications of the system are briefly discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EllgringClarkeWagner1983,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich and Clarke, AH and Wagner, H.},
  title     = {A syntactic approach to the analysis of nonverbal behaviour},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52403},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1983},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}