@article{PohlKundeGanzetal.2014,
  author    = {Pohl, Carsten and Kunde, Wilfried and Ganz, Thomas and Conzelmann, Annette and Pauli, Paul and Kiesel, Andrea},
  title     = {Gaming to see: action video gaming is associated with enhanced processing of masked stimuli},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00070},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112681},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Recent research revealed that action video game players outperform non-players in a wide range of attentional, perceptual and cognitive tasks. Here we tested if expertise in action video games is related to differences regarding the potential of shortly presented stimuli to bias behavior. In a response priming paradigm, participants classified four animal pictures functioning as targets as being smaller or larger than a reference frame. Before each target, one of the same four animal pictures was presented as a masked prime to influence participants' responses in a congruent or incongruent way. Masked primes induced congruence effects, that is, faster responses for congruent compared to incongruent conditions, indicating processing of hardly visible primes. Results also suggested that action video game players showed a larger congruence effect than non-players for 20 ms primes, whereas there was no group difference for 60 ms primes. In addition, there was a tendency for action video game players to detect masked primes for some prime durations better than non-players. Thus, action video game expertise may be accompanied by faster and more efficient processing of shortly presented visual stimuli.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirschKoenigsteinKunde2014,
  author    = {Kirsch, Wladimir and K{\"o}nigstein, Elisabeth and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Action feedback affects the perception of action-related objects beyond actual action success},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00017},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112670},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Successful object-oriented action typically increases the perceived size of aimed target objects. This phenomenon has been assumed to reflect an impact of an actor's current action ability on visual perception. The actual action ability and the explicit knowledge of action outcome, however, were confounded in previous studies. The present experiments aimed at disentangling these two factors. Participants repeatedly tried to hit a circular target varying in size with a stylus movement under restricted feedback conditions. After each movement they were explicitly informed about the success in hitting the target and were then asked to judge target size. The explicit feedback regarding movement success was manipulated orthogonally to actual movement success. The results of three experiments indicated the participants' bias to judge relatively small targets as larger and relatively large targets as smaller after explicit feedback of failure than after explicit feedback of success. This pattern was independent of the actual motor performance, suggesting that the actors' evaluations of motor actions may bias perception of target objects in itself.},
  language  = {en}
}