@phdthesis{Meduri2017,
  author    = {Meduri, Rajyalakshmi},
  title     = {Elucidation of an intricate surveillance network for cellular U snRNP homeostasis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143173},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Spliceosomal U-rich small ribonucleoprotein particles (U snRNPs) are the major building blocks of the nuclear pre-mRNA splicing machinery. The core composition of U snRNPs includes the name giving U snRNA and a set of seven common (Sm) proteins termed Sm B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F and G. These Sm proteins are arranged in the form of a toroidal ring on the single stranded conserved sequence element in the snRNA to form the Sm core domain. Even though U snRNPs assemble spontaneously in vitro, their assembly in vivo requires an amazingly large number of trans-acting assembly factors united in the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) complexes. The cytoplasmic assembly pathway of U snRNPs can be divided into the early and the late phase. The early phase is dominated by the assembly chaperone, pICln, a subunit of the PRMT5 complex. This factor binds to Sm proteins and delivers them in a pICln-bound form to the PRMT5 complex. The early assembly phase then segregates into two lines. In one assembly line, a stable hexameric ring intermediate (6S complex) composed of pICln and the five Sm proteins D1, D2, F, E and G, is formed. This intermediate forms at the PRMT5 complex but dissociates from the latter upon completion of its assembly. Within the 6S complex, these Sm proteins are pre-organized into respective spatial positions adopted in the assembled U snRNP. The other assembly line forms a protein trimer composed of pICln, Sm B/B' and D3, which unlike the 6S complex is not released from the PRMT5 complex. As a consequence of their association with pICln, Sm proteins are kinetically trapped and fail to proceed in the assembly pathway. The late phase of the U snRNP formation is dominated by the SMN complex, which resolves this kinetic trap by dissociating pICln from the pre-organized Sm proteins and, subsequently catalyzes the loading of the Sm proteins on the U snRNA. Even though basic principles of U snRNP assembly have been understood in some detail, the question arises as to why cells employ sophisticated assembly machinery for the assembly despite the reaction occurring spontaneously in vitro. A few studies have shown that the system works towards rendering specificity to the assembly reaction. However, Sm proteins in their free form expose hydrophobic surfaces to the cytosolic solvent. Hence, I reasoned that the assembly machinery of snRNPs might also prevent Sm protein aggregation. In this thesis, I describe the work that leads to the discovery of a multi-layered regulatory network for Sm proteins involving post-transcriptional and post-translational surveillance mechanisms. Here, I show that the reduced level of SMN (a key assembly factor of the late phase) leads to the initial tailback of Sm proteins over pICln followed by the transcriptional down regulation of Sm protein encoding mRNAs. In contrast, depletion of pICln, a key factor of the early phase, results in the retention of Sm proteins on the ribosomes followed by their degradation via autophagy. Furthermore, I show that exceeding levels of Sm proteins over pICln caused by overexpression results in aggregation and mis-localization of Sm proteins. Thus, my findings uncover a complex regulatory network that helps to maintain the cellular U snRNP homeostasis by either preventing or clearing the unassembled Sm protein aggregates when they are not faithfully incorporated into the U snRNPs.},
  language  = {en}
}