@article{HuesteggeBoeckler2016,
  author    = {Huestegge, Lynn and B{\"o}ckler, Anne},
  title     = {Out of the corner of the driver's eye: Peripheral processing of hazards in static traffic scenes},
  series = {Journal of Vision},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Journal of Vision},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1167/16.2.11},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147726},
  pages     = {1-15},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Effective gaze control in traffic, based on peripheral visual information, is important to avoid hazards. Whereas previous hazard perception research mainly focused on skill-component development (e.g., orientation and hazard processing), little is known about the role and dynamics of peripheral vision in hazard perception. We analyzed eye movement data from a study in which participants scanned static traffic scenes including medium-level versus dangerous hazards and focused on characteristics of fixations prior to entering the hazard region. We found that initial saccade amplitudes into the hazard region were substantially longer for dangerous (vs. medium-level) hazards, irrespective of participants' driving expertise. An analysis of the temporal dynamics of this hazard-level dependent saccade targeting distance effect revealed that peripheral hazard-level processing occurred around 200-400 ms during the course of the fixation prior to entering the hazard region. An additional psychophysical hazard detection experiment, in which hazard eccentricity was manipulated, revealed better detection for dangerous (vs. medium-level) hazards in both central and peripheral vision. Furthermore, we observed a significant perceptual decline from center to periphery for medium (but not for highly) dangerous hazards. Overall, the results suggest that hazard processing is remarkably effective in peripheral vision and utilized to guide the eyes toward potential hazards.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BreilBoeckler2020,
  author    = {Breil, Christina and B{\"o}ckler, Anne},
  title     = {The Lens Shapes the View: on Task Dependency in ToM Research},
  series = {Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40473-020-00205-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232646},
  pages     = {41-50},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Purpose of Review This article provides an overview of current findings on Theory of Mind (ToM) in human children and adults and highlights the relationship between task specifications and their outcome in socio-cognitive research. Recent Findings ToM, the capacity to reason about and infer others' mental states, develops progressively throughout childhood—the exact time course is still a matter of debate. Neuroimaging studies indicate the involvement of a widespread neuronal network during mentalizing, suggesting that ToM is a multifaceted process. Accordingly, the tasks and trainings that currently exist to investigate and enhance ToM are heterogeneous, and the outcomes largely depend on the paradigm that was used. Summary We argue for the implementation of multiple-task batteries in the assessment of socio-cognitive abilities. Decisions for a particular paradigm need to be carefully considered and justified. We want to emphasize the importance of targeted research on the relationship between task specifications and outcomes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BreilKanskePittigetal.2021,
  author    = {Breil, Christina and Kanske, Philipp and Pittig, Roxana and B{\"o}ckler, Anne},
  title     = {A revised instrument for the assessment of empathy and Theory of Mind in adolescents: Introducing the EmpaToM-Y},
  series = {Behavior Research Methods},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Behavior Research Methods},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13428-021-01589-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-302877},
  pages     = {2487-2501},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Empathy and Theory of Mind (ToM) are two core components of social understanding. The EmpaToM is a validated social video task that allows for independent manipulation and assessment of the two capacities. First applications revealed that empathy and ToM are dissociable constructs on a neuronal as well as on a behavioral level. As the EmpaToM has been designed for the assessment of social understanding in adults, it has a high degree of complexity and comprises topics that are inadequate for minors. For this reason, we designed a new version of the EmpaToM that is especially suited to measure empathy and ToM in youths. In experiment 1, we successfully validated the EmpaToM-Y on the original EmpaToM in an adult sample (N = 61), revealing a similar pattern of results across tasks and strong correlations of all constructs. As intended, the performance measure for ToM and the control condition of the EmpaToM-Y showed reduced difficulty. In experiment 2, we tested the feasibility of the EmpaToM-Y in a group of teenagers (N = 36). Results indicate a reliable empathy induction and higher demands of ToM questions for adolescents. We provide a promising task for future research targeting inter-individual variability of socio-cognitive and socio-affective capacities as well as their precursors and outcomes in healthy minors and clinical populations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoecklerRennertRaettig2021,
  author    = {B{\"o}ckler, Anne and Rennert, Annika and Raettig, Tim},
  title     = {Stranger, Lover, Friend?},
  series = {Social Psychology},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Social Psychology},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1864-9335},
  doi       = {10.1027/1864-9335/a000446},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-238721},
  pages     = {173-184},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Social exclusion, even from minimal game-based interactions, induces negative consequences. We investigated whether the nature of the relationship with the excluder modulates the effects of ostracism. Participants played a virtual ball-tossing game with a stranger and a friend (friend condition) or a stranger and their romantic partner (partner condition) while being fully included, fully excluded, excluded only by the stranger, or excluded only by their close other. Replicating previous findings, full exclusion impaired participants' basic-need satisfaction and relationship evaluation most severely. While the degree of exclusion mattered, the relationship to the excluder did not: Classic null hypothesis testing and Bayesian statistics showed no modulation of ostracism effects depending on whether participants were excluded by a stranger, a friend, or their partner.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BreilHuesteggeBoeckler2022,
  author    = {Breil, Christina and Huestegge, Lynn and B{\"o}ckler, Anne},
  title     = {From eye to arrow: Attention capture by direct gaze requires more than just the eyes},
  series = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics},
  volume    = {84},
  journal   = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1943-393X},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13414-021-02382-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273206},
  pages     = {64-75},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Human attention is strongly attracted by direct gaze and sudden onset motion. The sudden direct-gaze effect refers to the processing advantage for targets appearing on peripheral faces that suddenly establish eye contact. Here, we investigate the necessity of social information for attention capture by (sudden onset) ostensive cues. Six experiments involving 204 participants applied (1) naturalistic faces, (2) arrows, (3) schematic eyes, (4) naturalistic eyes, or schematic facial configurations (5) without or (6) with head turn to an attention-capture paradigm. Trials started with two stimuli oriented towards the observer and two stimuli pointing into the periphery. Simultaneous to target presentation, one direct stimulus changed to averted and one averted stimulus changed to direct, yielding a 2 × 2 factorial design with direction and motion cues being absent or present. We replicated the (sudden) direct-gaze effect for photographic faces, but found no corresponding effects in Experiments 2-6. Hence, a holistic and socially meaningful facial context seems vital for attention capture by direct gaze. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The present study highlights the significance of context information for social attention. Our findings demonstrate that the direct-gaze effect, that is, the prioritization of direct gaze over averted gaze, critically relies on the presentation of a meaningful holistic and naturalistic facial context. This pattern of results is evidence in favor of early effects of surrounding social information on attention capture by direct gaze.},
  language  = {en}
}