@article{MeintrupBorgmannSeidletal.2021,
  author    = {Meintrup, David and Borgmann, Stefan and Seidl, Karlheinz and Stecher, Melanie and Jakob, Carolin E. M. and Pilgram, Lisa and Spinner, Christoph D. and Rieg, Siegbert and Isberner, Nora and Hower, Martin and Vehreschild, Maria and G{\"o}pel, Siri and Hanses, Frank and Nowak-Machen, Martina},
  title     = {Specific risk factors for fatal outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients: results from a European multicenter study},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {17},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm10173855},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245191},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {(1) Background: The aim of our study was to identify specific risk factors for fatal outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (2) Methods: Our data set consisted of 840 patients enclosed in the LEOSS registry. Using lasso regression for variable selection, a multifactorial logistic regression model was fitted to the response variable survival. Specific risk factors and their odds ratios were derived. A nomogram was developed as a graphical representation of the model. (3) Results: 14 variables were identified as independent factors contributing to the risk of death for critically ill COVID-19 patients: age (OR 1.08, CI 1.06-1.10), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.64, CI 1.06-2.55), pulmonary disease (OR 1.87, CI 1.16-3.03), baseline Statin treatment (0.54, CI 0.33-0.87), oxygen saturation (unit = 1\%, OR 0.94, CI 0.92-0.96), leukocytes (unit 1000/μL, OR 1.04, CI 1.01-1.07), lymphocytes (unit 100/μL, OR 0.96, CI 0.94-0.99), platelets (unit 100,000/μL, OR 0.70, CI 0.62-0.80), procalcitonin (unit ng/mL, OR 1.11, CI 1.05-1.18), kidney failure (OR 1.68, CI 1.05-2.70), congestive heart failure (OR 2.62, CI 1.11-6.21), severe liver failure (OR 4.93, CI 1.94-12.52), and a quick SOFA score of 3 (OR 1.78, CI 1.14-2.78). The nomogram graphically displays the importance of these 14 factors for mortality. (4) Conclusions: There are risk factors that are specific to the subpopulation of critically ill COVID-19 patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DoelkenStichSpinner2021,
  author    = {D{\"o}lken, Lars and Stich, August and Spinner, Christoph D.},
  title     = {Remdesivir for Early COVID-19 Treatment of High-Risk Individuals Prior to or at Early Disease Onset — Lessons Learned},
  series = {Viruses},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Viruses},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {1999-4915},
  doi       = {10.3390/v13060963},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239648},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {After more than one year of the COVID-19 pandemic, antiviral treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 are still severely limited. High hopes that had initially been placed on antiviral drugs like remdesivir have so far not been fulfilled. While individual case reports provide striking evidence for the clinical efficacy of remdesivir in the right clinical settings, major trials failed to demonstrate this. Here, we highlight and discuss the key findings of these studies and underlying reasons for their failure. We elaborate on how such shortcomings should be prevented in future clinical trials and pandemics. We suggest in conclusion that any novel antiviral agent that enters human trials should first be tested in a post-exposure setting to provide rapid and solid evidence for its clinical efficacy before initiating further time-consuming and costly clinical trials for more advanced disease. In the COVID-19 pandemic this might have established remdesivir early on as an efficient antiviral agent at a more suitable disease stage which would have saved many lives, in particular in large outbreaks within residential care homes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LeeEyerFelgenhaueretal.2015,
  author    = {Lee, Marcel and Eyer, Florian and Felgenhauer, Norbert and Klinker, Hartwig H. F. and Spinner, Christoph D.},
  title     = {Overdose of dolutegravir in combination with tenofovir disaproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in suicide attempt in a 21-year old patient},
  series = {AIDS Research and Therapy},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {AIDS Research and Therapy},
  number    = {18},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12981-015-0054-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151994},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {A 21 year old MSM patient with newly diagnosed HIV infection was hospitalized in our department after ingestion of an overdose of his antiretroviral therapy (ART) comprising dolutegravir (DTG - Tivicay\(^{®}\)) and tenofovir disaproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (Truvada\(^{®}\)) in suicidal intention. On admission, the patient did not show any clinical signs of intoxication and laboratory findings were unremarkable. After 6 hours of intensive care monitoring, the patient was referred to a psychiatric clinic. 5 days after the day of intoxication, serum creatinine levels increased to high normal values (1.2 mg/dl). However, levels never exceeded the upper threshold. 8 and 12 weeks later, serum creatinine normalized to levels measured prior to the intoxication. No other adverse events occurred, and the patient does not suffer from permanent impairments.},
  language  = {en}
}