@article{HensgenEnglandHombergetal.2021,
  author    = {Hensgen, Ronja and England, Laura and Homberg, Uwe and Pfeiffer, Keram},
  title     = {Neuroarchitecture of the central complex in the brain of the honeybee: Neuronal cell types},
  series = {Journal of Comparative Neurology},
  volume    = {529},
  journal   = {Journal of Comparative Neurology},
  doi       = {10.1002/cne.24941},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215566},
  pages     = {159-186},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The central complex (CX) in the insect brain is a higher order integration center that controls a number of behaviors, most prominently goal directed locomotion. The CX comprises the protocerebral bridge (PB), the upper division of the central body (CBU), the lower division of the central body (CBL), and the paired noduli (NO). Although spatial orientation has been extensively studied in honeybees at the behavioral level, most electrophysiological and anatomical analyses have been carried out in other insect species, leaving the morphology and physiology of neurons that constitute the CX in the honeybee mostly enigmatic. The goal of this study was to morphologically identify neuronal cell types of the CX in the honeybee Apis mellifera. By performing iontophoretic dye injections into the CX, we traced 16 subtypes of neuron that connect a subdivision of the CX with other regions in the bee's central brain, and eight subtypes that mainly interconnect different subdivisions of the CX. They establish extensive connections between the CX and the lateral complex, the superior protocerebrum and the posterior protocerebrum. Characterized neuron classes and subtypes are morphologically similar to those described in other insects, suggesting considerable conservation in the neural network relevant for orientation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BritzMarkertWitvlietetal.2021,
  author    = {Britz, Sebastian and Markert, Sebastian Matthias and Witvliet, Daniel and Steyer, Anna Maria and Tr{\"o}ger, Sarah and Mulcahy, Ben and Kollmannsberger, Philip and Schwab, Yannick and Zhen, Mei and Stigloher, Christian},
  title     = {Structural Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Larval Anterior Sensilla by Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy},
  series = {Frontiers in Neuroanatomy},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Neuroanatomy},
  issn      = {1662-5129},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnana.2021.732520},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249622},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {At the end of the first larval stage, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans developing in harsh environmental conditions is able to choose an alternative developmental path called the dauer diapause. Dauer larvae exhibit different physiology and behaviors from non-dauer larvae. Using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), we volumetrically reconstructed the anterior sensory apparatus of C. elegans dauer larvae with unprecedented precision. We provide a detailed description of some neurons, focusing on structural details that were unknown or unresolved by previously published studies. They include the following: (1) dauer-specific branches of the IL2 sensory neurons project into the periphery of anterior sensilla and motor or putative sensory neurons at the sub-lateral cords; (2) ciliated endings of URX sensory neurons are supported by both ILso and AMso socket cells near the amphid openings; (3) variability in amphid sensory dendrites among dauers; and (4) somatic RIP interneurons maintain their projection into the pharyngeal nervous system. Our results support the notion that dauer larvae structurally expand their sensory system to facilitate searching for more favorable environments.},
  language  = {en}
}