@article{SalvadorShityakovFoerster2013,
  author    = {Salvador, Ellaine and Shityakov, Sergey and F{\"o}rster, Carola},
  title     = {Glucocorticoids and endothelial cell barrier function},
  series = {Cell and Tissue Research},
  volume    = {355},
  journal   = {Cell and Tissue Research},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00441-013-1762-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132091},
  pages     = {597-605},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that have inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects on a wide variety of cells. They are used as therapy for inflammatory disease and as a common agent against edema. The blood brain barrier (BBB), comprising microvascular endothelial cells, serves as a permeability screen between the blood and the brain. As such, it maintains homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). In many CNS disorders, BBB integrity is compromised. GC treatment has been demonstrated to improve the tightness of the BBB. The responses and effects of GCs are mediated by the ubiquitous GC receptor (GR). Ligand-bound GR recognizes and binds to the GC response element located within the promoter region of target genes. Transactivation of certain target genes leads to improved barrier properties of endothelial cells. In this review, we deal with the role of GCs in endothelial cell barrier function. First, we describe the mechanisms of GC action at the molecular level. Next, we discuss the regulation of the BBB by GCs, with emphasis on genes targeted by GCs such as occludin, claudins and VE-cadherin. Finally, we present currently available GC therapeutic strategies and their limitations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReschkeSalvadorSchlegeletal.2022,
  author    = {Reschke, Moritz and Salvador, Ellaine and Schlegel, Nicolas and Burek, Malgorzata and Karnati, Srikanth and Wunder, Christian and F{\"o}rster, Carola Y.},
  title     = {Isosteviol sodium (STVNA) reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and GM-CSF in an in vitro murine stroke model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)},
  series = {Pharmaceutics},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Pharmaceutics},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {1999-4923},
  doi       = {10.3390/pharmaceutics14091753},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286275},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Early treatment with glucocorticoids could help reduce both cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, leading to improved clinical outcome after stroke. In our previous study, isosteviol sodium (STVNA) demonstrated neuroprotective effects in an in vitro stroke model, which utilizes oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that STVNA can activate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) as previously published for T cells. STVNA exhibited no effects on transcriptional activation of the glucocorticoid receptor, contrary to previous reports in Jurkat cells. However, similar to dexamethasone, STVNA inhibited inflammatory marker IL-6 as well as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion. Based on these results, STVNA proves to be beneficial as a possible prevention and treatment modality for brain ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction.},
  language  = {en}
}