@phdthesis{Xian2014,
  author    = {Xian, Yibo},
  title     = {Identification of essential genes and novel virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by transposon mutagenesis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-102659},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific pathogen that causes gonorrhea. It is defined as a super bacterium by the WHO due to the emergence of gonococci that are resistant to a variety of antibiotics and a rapidly increasing infection incidence. Genome-wide investigation of neisserial gene essentiality and novel virulence factors is urgently required in order to identify new targets for anti-neisserial therapeutics. To identify essential genes and new virulence factors, a high-density mutant library in N. gonorrhoeae MS11 was generated by in vitro transposon mutagenesis. The transposon library harbors more than 100,000 individual mutants, a density that is unprecedented in gonococcal research. Essential genes in N. gonorrhoeae were determined by enumerating frequencies of transposon insertion sites (TIS) with Illumina deep sequencing (Tn-seq). Tn-seq indicated an average distance between adjacent TIS of 25 bp. Statistical analysis unequivocally demonstrated 781 genes that were significantly depleted in TIS and thus are essential for Neisseria survival. A subset of the genes was experimentally verified to comprise essential genes and thus support the outcome of the study. The hereby identified candidate essential genes thus may constitute excellent targets for the development of new antibiotics or vaccines. In a second study, the transposon mutant library was applied in a genome-scale "negative-selection strategy" to identify genes that are involved in low phosphate-dependent invasion (LPDI). LPDI is dependent on the Neisseria porin subtype PorBIA which acts as an epithelial cell invasin in absence of phosphate and is associated with severe pathogenicity in disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI). Tn-seq demonstrated 98 genes, which were involved in adherence to host cells and 43 genes involved in host cell invasion. E.g. the hypothetical protein NGFG_00506, an ABC transporter ATP-binding protein NGFG_01643, as well as NGFG_04218 encoding a homolog of mafI in N. gonorrhoeae FA1090 were experimentally verified as new invasive factors in LPDI. NGFG_01605, a predicted protease, was identified to be a common factor involved in PorBIA, Opa50 and Opa57-mediated neisserial engulfment by the epithelial cells. Thus, this first systematic Tn-seq application in N. gonorrhoeae identified a set of previously unknown N. gonorrhoeae invasive factors which demonstrate molecular mechanisms of DGI.},
  subject      = {Neisseria gonorrhoeae},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Muench2023,
  author    = {M{\"u}nch, Luca},
  title     = {Die Rolle transposabler Elemente in der Genese des malignen Melanom im Fischmodell Xiphophorus},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-28922},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-289228},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Der Name der transposablen Elemente beruht auf ihrer F{\"a}higkeit, ihre genomische Position ver{\"a}ndern zu k{\"o}nnen. Durch Chromosomenaberrationen, Insertionen oder Deletionen k{\"o}nnen ihre genomischen Transpositionen genetische Instabilit{\"a}t verursachen. Inwieweit sie dar{\"u}ber hinaus regulatorischen Einfluss auf Zellfunktionen besitzen, ist Gegenstand aktueller Forschung ebenso wie die daraus resultierende Frage nach der Gesamtheit ihrer biologischen Signifikanz. Die Weiterf{\"u}hrung experimenteller Forschung ist unabdingbar, um weiterhin offenen Fragen nachzugehen. Das Xiphophorus-Melanom-Modell stellt hierbei eines der {\"a}ltesten Tiermodelle zur Erforschung des malignen Melanoms dar. Durch den klar definierten genetischen Hintergrund eignet es sich hervorragend zur Erforschung des b{\"o}sartigen schwarzen Hautkrebses, welcher nach wie vor die t{\"o}dlichste aller bekannten Hautkrebsformen darstellt. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Rolle transposabler Elemente in der malignen Melanomgenese von Xiphophorus.},
  subject      = {Transposon},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Das2018,
  author    = {Das, Sudip},
  title     = {Genome-wide identification of virulence-associated genes in Staphylococcus aureus using Transposon insertion-site deep sequencing},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143362},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically colonises one third of the healthy human population, finding its niche in the nose and on skin. Apart from being a commensal, it is also an important opportunistic human pathogen capable of destructing tissue, invading host cells and killing them from within. This eventually contributes to severe hospital- and community-acquired infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resistant to commonly used antibiotics are protected when residing within the host cell. This doctoral thesis is focused on the investigation of staphylococcal factors governing intracellular virulence and subsequent host cell death. To initiate an unbiased approach to conduct this study, complex S. aureus mutant pools were generated using transposon insertional mutagenesis. Genome-wide infection screens were performed using these S. aureus transposon mutant pools in vitro and in vivo, followed by analysis using Transposon insertion site deep sequencing (Tn-seq) technology. Amongst several other factors, this study identified a novel regulatory system in S. aureus that controls pathogen-induced host cytotoxicity and intra-host survival. The primary components of this system are an AraC-family transcription regulator called Repressor of surface proteins (Rsp) and a virulence associated non-coding RNA, SSR42. Mutants within rsp exhibit enhanced intra-host survival in human epithelial cells and delayed host cytotoxicity. Global gene-expression profiling by RNA-seq demonstrated that Rsp controls the expression of SSR42, several cytotoxins and other bacterial factors directed against the host immune system. Rsp enhances S. aureus toxin response when triggered by hydrogen peroxide, an antimicrobial substance employed by neutrophils to destroy pathogens. Absence of rsp reduces S. aureus-induced neutrophil damage and early lethality during mouse pneumonia, but still permits blood stream infection. Intriguingly, S. aureus lacking rsp exhibited enhanced survival in human macrophages, which hints towards a Trojan horse-like phenomenon and could facilitate dissemination within the host. Hence, Rsp emerged as a global regulator of bacterial virulence, which has an impact on disease progression with prolonged intra-cellular survival, delayed-lethality but allows disseminated manifestation of disease. Moreover, this study exemplifies the use of genome-wide approaches as useful resources for identifying bacterial factors and deduction of its pathogenesis.},
  subject      = {Staphylococcus aureus},
  language  = {en}
}