@phdthesis{Speckner2009,
  author    = {Speckner, Christian},
  title     = {LHC Phenomenology of the Three-Site Higgsless Model},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45931},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The Three-Site Higgsless Model is alternative implementation of electroweak symmetry breaking which in the Standard Model is mediated by the Higgs mechanism. The main features of this model is the appearance of two new heavy vector resonances W' and Z' with masses > 380 GeV as well as a set of new heavy fermions (> 1.8 TeV). In this model, unitarity of the amplitudes for the scattering of longitudinal gauge bosons is maintained by the exchange of the W' and Z' up to a scale of ~2 TeV. Consistency with the electroweak precision observables from the LEP / LEP-II experiments implies an exceedingly small coupling of the new vector bosons to the light Standard Model fermions (about 3\% of the isospin gauge coupling). In this thesis, the LHC phenomenology of this scenario is explored. To this end, we calculated the couplings and widths of all the new particles and implemented the model into the Monte-Carlo eventgenerator WHIZARD / O'Mega. With this implementation, we simulated the parton-level production of the gauge boson and fermion partners in different channels possibly suitable for their discovery at the LHC. The results are presented together with an introduction to the model and a discussion of its properties. We find that, while the fermiophobic nature of the new heavy gauge bosons does make them intrinsically difficult to observe at a collider, the LHC should be able to establish the existence of both resonances and even give some hints about the properties of their couplings which would be a vital test of the consistency of such a scenario. For the heavy fermions, we find that their large mass is accompanied by relative widths of more than \$10\\%\$, making them ill-suited for a direct discovery at the LHC. Nevertheless, our simulations reveal that there is a part of parameter space where, given enough time, patience and a good understanding of detector and backgrounds, a direct discovery might be possible.},
  subject      = {LHC},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schubert2012,
  author    = {Schubert, Alexander},
  title     = {Koh{\"a}rente und dissipative Wellenpaketdynamik und zeitaufgel{\"o}ste Spektroskopie: Von zweiatomigen Molek{\"u}len zu molekularen Aggregaten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-74258},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Unter dem Gesichtspunkt koh{\"a}renter Wellenpaketdynamik werden in dieser Arbeit zwei Themenfelder untersucht: Zum einen die Auswirkungen von Kernfreiheitsgraden auf die zweidimensionale vibronische Spektroskopie (2D-Spektroskopie) und zum anderen photoinduzierte Energieverlustmechanismen in organischen Halbleitern. Im ersten Abschnitt wird am numerischen Beispiel zweiatomiger Molek{\"u}le gezeigt, dass sich die Anharmonizit{\"a}t der Wellenpaketbewegung durch Variation der Verz{\"o}gerungszeit der Femtosekundenpulse in der komplexwertigen Spektralfunktion, die aus der st{\"o}rungstheoretischen Berechnung der Polarisationsfunktion hervorgeht, widerspiegelt. Die zeitliche Entwicklung besetzter Vibrationszust{\"a}nde zeigt sich in der Struktur des Signals anhand sogenannter Quantenphasen. Durch Variation der Pulsparameter und -reihenfolge kann dabei die Quantendynamik in unterschiedlichen elektronischen Zust{\"a}nden charakterisiert werden. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird f{\"u}r molekulare Aggregate (3,4,9,10-Perylentetracarbons{\"a}urediimid und 3,4,9,10-Perylentetracarbons{\"a}uredianhydrid) ein zeitaufgel{\"o}stes, atomistisches Bild intra- und intermolekularer Strukturverzerrungen vorgestellt. Letztere induzieren eine ultraschnelle Depopulation der durch Photoabsorption angeregten elektronischen Zust{\"a}nde, was mit einer deutlichen Abnahme der Anregungsenergie einhergeht.},
  subject      = {Kurzzeitphysik},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Lundt2020,
  author    = {Lundt, Felix Janosch Peter},
  title     = {Superconducting Hybrids at the Quantum Spin Hall Edge},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21642},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216421},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This Thesis explores hybrid structures on the basis of quantum spin Hall insulators, and in particular the interplay of their edge states and superconducting and magnetic order. Quantum spin Hall insulators are one example of topological condensed matter systems, where the topology of the bulk bands is the key for the understanding of their physical properties. A remarkable consequence is the appearance of states at the boundary of the system, a phenomenon coined bulk-boundary correspondence. In the case of the two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator, this is manifested by so-called helical edge states of counter-propagating electrons with opposite spins. They hold great promise, \emph{e.g.}, for applications in spintronics -- a paradigm for the transmission and manipulation of information based on spin instead of charge -- and as a basis for quantum computers. The beginning of the Thesis consists of an introduction to one-dimensional topological superconductors, which illustrates basic concepts and ideas. In particular, this includes the topological distinction of phases and the accompanying appearance of Majorana modes at their ends. Owing to their topological origin, Majorana modes potentially are essential building-blocks for topological quantum computation, since they can be exploited for protected operations on quantum bits. The helical edge states of quantum spin Hall insulators in conjunction with \$s\$-wave superconductivity and magnetism are a suitable candidate for the realization of a one-dimensional topological superconductor. Consequently, this Thesis investigates the conditions in which Majorana modes can appear. Typically, this happens between regions subjected to either only superconductivity, or to both superconductivity and magnetism. If more than one superconductor is present, the phase difference is of paramount importance, and can even be used to manipulate and move Majorana modes. Furthermore, the Thesis addresses the effects of the helical edge states on the anomalous correlation functions characterizing proximity-induced superconductivity. It is found that helicity and magnetism profoundly enrich their physical structure and lead to unconventional, exotic pairing amplitudes. Strikingly, the nonlocal correlation functions can be connected to the Majorana bound states within the system. Finally, a possible thermoelectric device on the basis of hybrid systems at the quantum spin Hall edge is discussed. It utilizes the peculiar properties of the proximity-induced superconductivity in order to create spin-polarized Cooper pairs from a temperature bias. Cooper pairs with finite net spin are the cornerstone of superconducting spintronics and offer tremendous potential for efficient information technologies.},
  subject      = {Mesoskopisches System},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lang2010,
  author    = {Lang, Thomas C.},
  title     = {Quantum Monte Carlo methods and strongly correlated electrons on honeycomb structures},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-53506},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In this thesis we apply recently developed, as well as sophisticated quantum Monte Carlo methods to numerically investigate models of strongly correlated electron systems on honeycomb structures. The latter are of particular interest owing to their unique properties when simulating electrons on them, like the relativistic dispersion, strong quantum fluctuations and their resistance against instabilities. This work covers several projects including the advancement of the weak-coupling continuous time quantum Monte Carlo and its application to zero temperature and phonons, quantum phase transitions of valence bond solids in spin-1/2 Heisenberg systems using projector quantum Monte Carlo in the valence bond basis, and the magnetic field induced transition to a canted antiferromagnet of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice. The emphasis lies on two projects investigating the phase diagram of the SU(2) and the SU(N)-symmetric Hubbard model on the hexagonal lattice. At sufficiently low temperatures, condensed-matter systems tend to develop order. An exception are quantum spin-liquids, where fluctuations prevent a transition to an ordered state down to the lowest temperatures. Previously elusive in experimentally relevant microscopic two-dimensional models, we show by means of large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the SU(2) Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice, that a quantum spin-liquid emerges between the state described by massless Dirac fermions and an antiferromagnetically ordered Mott insulator. This unexpected quantum-disordered state is found to be a short-range resonating valence bond liquid, akin to the one proposed for high temperature superconductors. Inspired by the rich phase diagrams of SU(N) models we study the SU(N)-symmetric Hubbard Heisenberg quantum antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice to investigate the reliability of 1/N corrections to large-N results by means of numerically exact QMC simulations. We study the melting of phases as correlations increase with decreasing N and determine whether the quantum spin liquid found in the SU(2) Hubbard model at intermediate coupling is a specific feature, or also exists in the unconstrained t-J model and higher symmetries.},
  subject      = {Monte-Carlo-Simulation},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Janotta2014,
  author    = {Janotta, Peter},
  title     = {Nonlocality and entanglement in Generalized Probabilistic Theories and beyond},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-105612},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Quantum theory is considered to be the most fundamental and most accurate physical theory of today. Although quantum theory is conceptually difficult to understand, its mathematical structure is quite simple. What determines this particularly simple and elegant mathematical structure? In short: Why is quantum theory as it is? Addressing such questions is the aim of investigating the foundations of quantum theory. In the past this field of research was sometimes considered as an academic subject without much practical impact. However, with the emergence of quantum information theory this perception has changed significantly and both fields started to fruitfully influence each other. Today fundamental aspects of quantum theory attract increasing attention and the field belongs to the most exciting subjects of theoretical physics. This thesis is concerned with a particular branch in this field, namely, with so-called Generalized Probabilistic Theories (GPTs), which provide a unified theoretical framework in which classical and quantum theory emerge as special cases. This is used to examine nonlocal features that help to distinguish quantum theory from alternative toy theories. In order to extend the scope of theories that can be examined with the framework, we also introduce several generalizations to the framework itself. We start in Chapter 1 with introducing the standard GPT framework and summarize previous results, based on a review paper of the author [New J. Phys. 13, 063024 (2011)]. To keep the introduction accessible to a broad readership, we follow a constructive approach. Starting from few basic physically motivated assumptions we show how a given set of observations can be manifested in an operational theory. Furthermore, we characterize consistency conditions limiting the range of possible extensions. We point out that non-classical features of single systems can equivalently result from higher dimensional classical theories that have been restricted. Entanglement and non-locality, however, are shown to be genuine non-classical features. We review features that have been found to be specific for quantum theory separably or single and joint systems. Chapter 2 incorporates results published in [J. Phys. A 47(32), pp. 1-32 (2014)] and [Proc. QPL 2011 via EPTCS vol. 95, pp. 183-192 (2012)]. The GPT framework is applied to show how the structure of local state spaces indirectly affects possible nonlocal correlations, which are global properties of a theory. These correlations are stronger than those possible in a classical theory, but happen to show different restrictions that can be linked to the structure of subsystems. We first illustrate the phenomenon with toy theories with particular local state spaces. We than show that a particular class of joint states (inner product states), whose existence depends on geometrical properties of the local subsystems, can only have correlations for a known limited set called Q1. All bipartite correlations of both, quantum and classical correlations, can be mapped to measurement statistics from such joint states. Chapter 3 shows unpublished results on entanglement swapping in GPTs. This protocol, which is well known in quantum information theory, allows to nonlocally transfer entanglement to initially unentangled parties with the help of a third party that shares entanglement with each. We review our approach published in [Proc. QPL 2011 via EPTCS vol. 95, pp. 183-192 (2012)], which mimics the joint systems' structure of quantum theory by modifying a popular toy theory known as boxworld. However, it is illustrated that this approach fails for bigger multipartite systems due to inconsistencies evoked by entanglement swapping. It turns out that the GPT framework does not allow entanglement swapping for general subsystems with two-dimensional state spaces with transitive pure states. Altering the GPT framework to allow completely globally degrees of freedom, however, enables us to construct consistent entanglement swapping for these subsystems. This construction resembles the situation in quantum theory on a real Hilbert space. A questionable assumption usually taken in the standard GPT framework is the so-called no-restriction hypothesis. It states that the measurement that are possible in a theory can be derived from the state space. In fact, this assumption seems to exist for reasons of mathematical convenience, but it seems to lack physical motivation. We generalize the GPT framework to also account for systems that do not obey the no-restriction hypothesis in Chapter 4, which presents results published in [Phys. Rev. A 87, 052131 (2013)] and [Proc. QPL 2013, to be published in EPTCS]. The extended framework includes new classes of probabilistic theories. As an example, we show how to construct theories that include intrinsic noise. We also provide a "self-dualization" procedure that requires the violation of the no-restriction hypothesis. This procedure restricts the measurement of arbitrary theories such that the theories act as if they were self-dual. Self-duality has recently gathered lots of interest, since such theories share many features of quantum theory. For example Tsirelson's bound holds for correlations on the maximally entangled state in these theories. Finally, we characterize the maximal set of joint states that can be consistently defined for given subsystems. This generalizes the maximal tensor product of the standard GPT framework.},
  subject      = {Quantentheorie},
  language  = {en}
}