@article{SchwarzWeller2023,
  author    = {Schwarz, Katharina A. and Weller, Lisa},
  title     = {Distracted to a fault: attention, actions, and time perception},
  series = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics},
  volume    = {85},
  journal   = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13414-022-02632-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324936},
  pages     = {301-314},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {In the last years, it has become general consensus that actions change our time perception. Performing an action to elicit a specific event seems to lead to a systematic underestimation of the interval between action and effect, a phenomenon termed temporal (or previously intentional) binding. Temporal binding has been closely associated with sense of agency, our perceived control over our actions and our environment, and because of its robust behavioral effects has indeed been widely utilized as an implicit correlate of sense of agency. The most robust and clear temporal binding effects are typically found via Libet clock paradigms. In the present study, we investigate a crucial methodological confound in these paradigms that provides an alternative explanation for temporal binding effects: a redirection of attentional resources in two-event sequences (as in classical operant conditions) versus singular events (as in classical baseline conditions). Our results indicate that binding effects in Libet clock paradigms may be based to a large degree on such attentional processes, irrespective of intention or action-effect sequences. Thus, these findings challenge many of the previously drawn conclusions and interpretations with regard to actions and time perception.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisPfisterFoerster2023,
  author    = {Reis, Moritz and Pfister, Roland and Foerster, Anna},
  title     = {Cognitive load promotes honesty},
  series = {Psychological Research},
  volume    = {87},
  journal   = {Psychological Research},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-022-01686-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324913},
  pages     = {826-844},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {In three experiments, we examined the cognitive underpinnings of self-serving dishonesty by manipulating cognitive load under different incentive structures. Participants could increase a financial bonus by misreporting outcomes of private die rolls without any risk of detection. At the same time, they had to remember letter strings of varying length. If honesty is the automatic response tendency and dishonesty is cognitively demanding, lying behavior should be less evident under high cognitive load. This hypothesis was supported by the outcome of two out of three experiments. We further manipulated whether all trials or only one random trial determined payoff to modulate reward adaptation over time (Experiment 2) and whether payoff was framed as a financial gain or loss (Experiment 3). The payoff scheme of one random or all trials did not affect lying behavior and, discordant to earlier research, facing losses instead of gains did not increase lying behavior. Finally, cognitive load and incentive frame interacted significantly, but contrary to our assumption gains increased lying under low cognitive load. While the impact of cognitive load on dishonesty appears to be comparably robust, motivational influences seem to be more elusive than commonly assumed in current theorizing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuertenRaettigGutzeitetal.2023,
  author    = {K{\"u}rten, Jens and Raettig, Tim and Gutzeit, Julian and Huestegge, Lynn},
  title     = {Dual-action benefits: global (action-inherent) and local (transient) sources of action prepotency underlying inhibition failures in multiple action control},
  series = {Psychological Research},
  volume    = {87},
  journal   = {Psychological Research},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-022-01672-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324893},
  pages     = {410-424},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Previous research has shown that the simultaneous execution of two actions (instead of only one) is not necessarily more difficult but can actually be easier (less error-prone), in particular when executing one action requires the simultaneous inhibition of another action. Corresponding inhibitory demands are particularly challenging when the to-be-inhibited action is highly prepotent (i.e., characterized by a strong urge to be executed). Here, we study a range of important potential sources of such prepotency. Building on a previously established paradigm to elicit dual-action benefits, participants responded to stimuli with single actions (either manual button press or saccade) or dual actions (button press and saccade). Crucially, we compared blocks in which these response demands were randomly intermixed (mixed blocks) with pure blocks involving only one type of response demand. The results highlight the impact of global (action-inherent) sources of action prepotency, as reflected in more pronounced inhibitory failures in saccade vs. manual control, but also more local (transient) sources of influence, as reflected in a greater probability of inhibition failures following trials that required the to-be-inhibited type of action. In addition, sequential analyses revealed that inhibitory control (including its failure) is exerted at the level of response modality representations, not at the level of fully specified response representations. In sum, the study highlights important preconditions and mechanisms underlying the observation of dual-action benefits.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FoersterPfisterWirthetal.2023,
  author    = {Foerster, Anna and Pfister, Roland and Wirth, Robert and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Post-execution monitoring in dishonesty},
  series = {Psychological Research},
  volume    = {87},
  journal   = {Psychological Research},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-022-01691-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324862},
  pages     = {845-861},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {When telling a lie, humans might engage in stronger monitoring of their behavior than when telling the truth. Initial evidence has indeed pointed towards a stronger recruitment of capacity-limited monitoring processes in dishonest than honest responding, conceivably resulting from the necessity to overcome automatic tendencies to respond honestly. Previous results suggested monitoring to be confined to response execution, however, whereas the current study goes beyond these findings by specifically probing for post-execution monitoring. Participants responded (dis)honestly to simple yes/no questions in a first task and switched to an unrelated second task after a response-stimulus interval of 0 ms or 1000 ms. Dishonest responses did not only prolong response times in Task 1, but also in Task 2 with a short response-stimulus interval. These findings support the assumption that increased monitoring for dishonest responses extends beyond mere response execution, a mechanism that is possibly tuned to assess the successful completion of a dishonest act.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HausmanKubik2023,
  author    = {Hausman, Hannah and Kubik, Veit},
  title     = {Delayed metacomprehension judgments do not directly improve learning from texts},
  series = {Journal of Intelligence},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Intelligence},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {2079-3200},
  doi       = {10.3390/jintelligence11070150},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323361},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Making judgments of learning (JOLs) after studying can directly improve learning. This JOL reactivity has been shown for simple materials but has scarcely been investigated with educationally relevant materials such as expository texts. The few existing studies have not yet reported any consistent gains in text comprehension due to providing JOLs. In the present study, we hypothesized that increasing the chances of covert retrieval attempts when making JOLs after each of five to-be-studied text passages would produce comprehension benefits at 1 week compared to restudy. In a between-subjects design, we manipulated both whether participants (N = 210) were instructed to covertly retrieve the texts, and whether they made delayed target-absent JOLs. The results indicated that delayed, target-absent JOLs did not improve text comprehension after 1 week, regardless of whether prior instructions to engage in covert retrieval were provided. Based on the two-stage model of JOLs, we reasoned that participants' retrieval attempts during metacomprehension judgments were either insufficient (i.e., due to a quick familiarity assessment) or were ineffective (e.g., due to low retrieval success).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HilgerHaegeZedleretal.2023,
  author    = {Hilger, Kirsten and H{\"a}ge, Anne-Sophie and Zedler, Christina and Jost, Michael and Pauli, Paul},
  title     = {Virtual reality to understand pain-associated approach behaviour: a proof-of-concept study},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-023-40789-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357817},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Pain-associated approach and avoidance behaviours are critically involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Empirical research suggests a key role of operant learning mechanisms, and first experimental paradigms were developed for their investigation within a controlled laboratory setting. We introduce a new Virtual Reality paradigm to the study of pain-related behaviour and investigate pain experiences on multiple dimensions. The paradigm evaluates the effects of three-tiered heat-pain stimuli applied contingent versus non-contingent with three types of arm movements in naturalistic virtual sceneries. Behaviour, self-reported pain-related fear, pain expectancy and electrodermal activity were assessed in 42 healthy participants during an acquisition phase (contingent movement-pain association) and a modification phase (no contingent movement-pain association). Pain-associated approach behaviour, as measured by arm movements followed by a severe heat stimulus, quickly decreased in-line with the arm movement-pain contingency. Slower effects were observed in fear of movement-related pain and pain expectancy ratings. During the subsequent modification phase, the removal of the pain contingencies modified all three indices. In both phases, skin conductance responses resemble the pattern observed for approach behaviour, while skin conductance levels equal the pattern observed for the self-ratings. Our findings highlight a fast reduction in approach behaviour in the face of acute pain and inform about accompanying psychological and physiological processes. We discuss strength and limitations of our paradigm for future investigations with the ultimate goal of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in chronic pain development, maintenance, and its therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HuesteggePieczykolanKoch2023,
  author    = {Huestegge, Lynn and Pieczykolan, Aleks and Koch, Iring},
  title     = {A Gestalt account of human behavior is supported by evidence from switching between single and dual actions},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-023-47788-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357862},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The question of how behavior is represented in the mind lies at the core of psychology as the science of mind and behavior. While a long-standing research tradition has established two opposing fundamental views of perceptual representation, Structuralism and Gestalt psychology, we test both accounts with respect to action representation: Are multiple actions (characterizing human behavior in general) represented as the sum of their component actions (Structuralist view) or holistically (Gestalt view)? Using a single-/dual-response switch paradigm, we analyzed switches between dual ([A + B]) and single ([A], [B]) responses across different effector systems and revealed comparable performance in partial repetitions and full switches of behavioral requirements (e.g., in [A + B] → [A] vs. [B] → [A], or [A] → [A + B] vs. [B] → [A + B]), but only when the presence of dimensional overlap between responses allows for Gestalt formation. This evidence for a Gestalt view of behavior in our paradigm challenges some fundamental assumptions in current (tacitly Structuralist) action control theories (in particular the idea that all actions are represented compositionally with reference to their components), provides a novel explanatory angle for understanding complex, highly synchronized human behavior (e.g., dance), and delimitates the degree to which complex behavior can be analyzed in terms of its basic components.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirschKunde2023,
  author    = {Kirsch, Wladimir and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Human perception of spatial frequency varies with stimulus orientation and location in the visual field},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-023-44673-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357888},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Neuroanatomical variations across the visual field of human observers go along with corresponding variations of the perceived coarseness of visual stimuli. Here we show that horizontal gratings are perceived as having lower spatial frequency than vertical gratings when occurring along the horizontal meridian of the visual field, whereas gratings occurring along the vertical meridian show the exact opposite effect. This finding indicates a new peculiarity of processes operating along the cardinal axes of the visual field.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScheinerSeisKleindienstetal.2023,
  author    = {Scheiner, Christin and Seis, Christian and Kleindienst, Nikolaus and Buerger, Arne},
  title     = {Psychopathology, protective factors, and COVID-19 among adolescents: a structural equation model},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph20032493},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304475},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 and the associated restrictions, mental health in children and adolescents has been increasingly discussed in the media. Negative impacts of the pandemic, including a sharp increase in psychopathology and, consequently, reduced quality of life, appear to have particularly affected children and young people, who may be especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of isolation. Nevertheless, many children and adolescents have managed to cope well with the restrictions, without deterioration of their mental health. The present study therefore explored the links between COVID-19 infection (in oneself or a family member, as well as the death of a family member due to the virus), protective factors such as self-efficacy, resilience, self-esteem, and health-related quality of life, and measures of psychopathology such as depression scores, internalizing/externalizing problems, emotion dysregulation, and victimization. For this purpose, we examined data from 2129 adolescents (mean age = 12.31, SD = 0.67; 51\% male; 6\% born outside of Germany) using a structural equation model. We found medium to high loadings of the manifest variables with the latent variables (COVID-19, protective factors, and psychopathology). Protective factors showed a significant negative correlation with psychopathology. However, COVID-19 had a weak connection with psychopathology in our sample. External pandemic-related factors (e.g., restrictions) and their interaction with existing psychopathology or individual protective factors appear to have a greater influence on young people's mental health than the impact of the virus per se. Sociopolitical efforts should be undertaken to foster prevention and promote individual resilience, especially in adolescence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirschKunde2023,
  author    = {Kirsch, Wladimir and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Changes in body perception following virtual object manipulation are accompanied by changes of the internal reference scale},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-023-34311-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357876},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Changes in body perception often arise when observers are confronted with related yet discrepant multisensory signals. Some of these effects are interpreted as outcomes of sensory integration of various signals, whereas related biases are ascribed to learning-dependent recalibration of coding individual signals. The present study explored whether the same sensorimotor experience entails changes in body perception that are indicative of multisensory integration and those that indicate recalibration. Participants enclosed visual objects by a pair of visual cursors controlled by finger movements. Then either they judged their perceived finger posture (indicating multisensory integration) or they produced a certain finger posture (indicating recalibration). An experimental variation of the size of the visual object resulted in systematic and opposite biases of the perceived and produced finger distances. This pattern of results is consistent with the assumption that multisensory integration and recalibration had a common origin in the task we used.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LenhardMintenLenhard2023,
  author    = {Lenhard, Alexandra and Minten, Marie-Pierre and Lenhard, Wolfgang},
  title     = {When biology takes over: TV formats like The Bachelor and The Bachelorette confirm evolutionary theories of partner selection},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219915},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325717},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Introduction: In this study, we investigated the impact of age on mate selection preferences in males and females, and explored how the formation and duration of committed relationships depend on the sex of the person making the selection. Methods: To this end, we utilized data from the television dating shows The Bachelor and The Bachelorette. In these programs, either a single man ("bachelor") or a woman ("bachelorette") has the opportunity to select a potential long-term partner from a pool of candidates. Our analysis encompassed a total of n = 169 seasons from 23 different countries, beginning with the first airing in 2002. Results: We found that the likelihood of the final couple continuing their relationship beyond the broadcast was higher in The Bachelorette than in The Bachelor, although the duration of these relationships was not significantly influenced by the type of show. On average, women were younger, both when selecting their partner and when being chosen. However, men exhibited a greater preference for larger age differences than women. Furthermore, the age of the chosen male partners significantly increased with the age of the "bachelorettes," whereas "bachelors" consistently favored women around 25.5 years old, regardless of their own age. Discussion: We discuss these findings within the context of parental investment theory and sexual strategies theory.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleihDahmsBotrel2023,
  author    = {Kleih-Dahms, Sonja C. and Botrel, Loic},
  title     = {Neurofeedback therapy to improve cognitive function in patients with chronic post-stroke attention deficits: a within-subjects comparison},
  series = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnhum.2023.1155584},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322454},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Introduction We investigated a slow-cortical potential (SCP) neurofeedback therapy approach for rehabilitating chronic attention deficits after stroke. This study is the first attempt to train patients who survived stroke with SCP neurofeedback therapy. Methods We included N = 5 participants in a within-subjects follow-up design. We assessed neuropsychological and psychological performance at baseline (4 weeks before study onset), before study onset, after neurofeedback training, and at 3 months follow-up. Participants underwent 20 sessions of SCP neurofeedback training. Results Participants learned to regulate SCPs toward negativity, and we found indications for improved attention after the SCP neurofeedback therapy in some participants. Quality of life improved throughout the study according to engagement in activities of daily living. The self-reported motivation was related to mean SCP activation in two participants. Discussion We would like to bring attention to the potential of SCP neurofeedback therapy as a new rehabilitation method for treating post-stroke cognitive deficits. Studies with larger samples are warranted to corroborate the results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FroehlichZahnerSchmalzingetal.2023,
  author    = {Froehlich, Matthias and Zahner, Antonia and Schmalzing, Marc and Gernert, Michael and Strunz, Patrick-Pascal and Hueper, Sebastian and Portegys, Jan and Schwaneck, Eva Christina and Gadeholt, Ottar and K{\"u}bler, Andrea and Hewig, Johannes and Ziebell, Philipp},
  title     = {Patient-reported outcomes provide evidence for increased depressive symptoms and increased mental impairment in giant cell arteritis},
  series = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmed.2023.1146815},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319761},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Objectives The spectrum of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) represents highly inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Patients mostly report severe physical impairment. Possible consequences for mental health have been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate psychological well-being in the context of GCA and PMR. Methods Cross-sectional study with N = 100 patients with GCA and/or PMR (GCA-PMR). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were measured using the Short Form 36 Version 2 (SF-36v2) and visual analog scale (VAS) assessment. Moreover, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used in 35 of 100 patients to detect depression. To compare PROs with physician assessment, VAS was also rated from physician perspective. To assess a possible association with inflammation itself, serological parameters of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) were included. Results In all scales of the SF-36v2 except General Health (GH) and in the physical and mental sum score (PCS, MCS), a significant impairment compared to the German reference collective was evident (MCS: d = 0.533, p < 0.001). In the PHQ-9 categorization, 14 of the 35 (40\%) showed evidence of major depression disorder. VAS Patient correlated significantly with PHQ-9 and SF-36 in all categories, while VAS Physician showed only correlations to physical categories and not in the mental dimensions. Regarding inflammatory parameters, linear regression showed CRP to be a complementary significant positive predictor of mental health subscale score, independent of pain. Conclusion PRO show a relevant impairment of mental health up to symptoms of major depression disorder. The degree of depressive symptoms is also distinctly associated with the serological inflammatory marker CRP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuergerSchoenfeldScheineretal.2023,
  author    = {B{\"u}rger, Arne and Schoenfeld, Cornelia von and Scheiner, Christin and Seidel, Alexandra and Wasserscheid, Antonia and Gad, Doreya and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Romanos, Marcel and Reiter, Andrea M. F.},
  title     = {Universal prevention for non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents is scarce - A systematic review},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1130610},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357490},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) during adolescence is a high-risk marker for the development and persistence of mental health problems and has been recognized as a significant public health problem. Whereas targeted prevention has indeed shown to be effective in reducing NSSI and improve mental health problems, access to such programs is limited. By face validity, universal prevention of NSSI seems an ideal starting point for a stepped-care model to circumvent a lack of resources in the medical care system. However, it is yet unclear how effective such approaches are. Here, we provide a summary of existing work on universal prevention of NSSI in adolescents younger than 21 years based on a systematic literature search. We found that only seven studies are available. None of the programs evaluated was found to be effective in reducing the incidence or frequency of NSSI. After providing a comprehensive summary of the existing work, we evaluate the fact that existing work primarily focusses on selected/targeted prevention and on psychoeducational methods. We derive implications for future directions in the field of universal prevention of NSSI.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BellingerWehrmannRohdeetal.2023,
  author    = {Bellinger, Daniel and Wehrmann, Kristin and Rohde, Anna and Schuppert, Maria and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Flohr-Jost, Michael and Gall, Dominik and Pauli, Paul and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Herrmann, Martin J. and Erhardt-Lehmann, Angelika},
  title     = {The application of virtual reality exposure versus relaxation training in music performance anxiety: a randomized controlled study},
  series = {BMC Psychiatry},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {BMC Psychiatry},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12888-023-05040-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357833},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background Performance anxiety is the most frequently reported anxiety disorder among professional musicians. Typical symptoms are - on a physical level - the consequences of an increase in sympathetic tone with cardiac stress, such as acceleration of heartbeat, increase in blood pressure, increased respiratory rate and tremor up to nausea or flush reactions. These symptoms can cause emotional distress, a reduced musical and artistical performance up to an impaired functioning. While anxiety disorders are preferably treated using cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure, this approach is rather difficult for treating music performance anxiety since the presence of a public or professional jury is required and not easily available. The use of virtual reality (VR) could therefore display an alternative. So far, no therapy studies on music performance anxiety applying virtual reality exposure therapy have investigated the therapy outcome including cardiovascular changes as outcome parameters. Methods This mono-center, prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial has a pre-post design with a follow-up period of 6 months. 46 professional and semi-professional musicians will be recruited and allocated randomly to an VR exposure group or a control group receiving progressive muscle relaxation training. Both groups will be treated over 4 single sessions. Music performance anxiety will be diagnosed based on a clinical interview using ICD-10 and DSM-5 criteria for specific phobia or social anxiety. A behavioral assessment test is conducted three times (pre, post, follow-up) in VR through an audition in a concert hall. Primary outcomes are the changes in music performance anxiety measured by the German B{\"u}hnenangstfragebogen and the cardiovascular reactivity reflected by heart rate variability (HRV). Secondary outcomes are changes in blood pressure, stress parameters such as cortisol in the blood and saliva, neuropeptides, and DNA-methylation. Discussion The trial investigates the effect of VR exposure in musicians with performance anxiety compared to a relaxation technique on anxiety symptoms and corresponding cardiovascular parameters. We expect a reduction of anxiety but also a consecutive improvement of HRV with cardiovascular protective effects. Trial registration This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov. (ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT05735860)},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrauseHerbort2023,
  author    = {Krause, Lisa-Marie and Herbort, Oliver},
  title     = {Just visual context or part of the gesture? The role of arm orientation in bent pointing interpretation},
  series = {Acta Psychologica},
  volume    = {241},
  journal   = {Acta Psychologica},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104062},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349839},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Pointing gestures can take on different shapes. For example, people often point with a bent wrist at a referent that is occluded by another object. We hypothesized that while the extrapolation of the index finger is the most important visual cue in such bent pointing gestures, arm orientation is affecting interpretations as well. We tested two competing hypotheses. First, the arm could be processed as a less reliable but additional direction cue also indicating the referent. Consequently, the index finger extrapolation would be biased towards the arm direction (assimilation effect). Second, the arm could be perceived as visual context of the index finger, leading to an interpretation that is repulsed from the arm direction (contrast effect). To differentiate between both, we conducted two experiments in which arm and finger orientation of a virtual pointer were independently manipulated. Participants were asked to determine the pointed-at location. As expected, participants based their interpretations on the extrapolation of the index finger. In line with the second hypothesis, the more the arm was oriented upwards, the lower the point was interpreted and vice versa. Thus, interpretation pattern indicated a contrast effect. Unexpectedly, gestures with aligned arm and index finger deviated from the general contrast effect and were interpreted linearly compared to bent gestures. In sum, the experiments show that interpretations of bent pointing gestures are not only based on the direction of the index finger but also depend on the arm orientation and its relationship to the index finger orientation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZiebellRodriguesForsteretal.2023,
  author    = {Ziebell, Philipp and Rodrigues, Johannes and Forster, Andr{\´e} and Sanguinetti, Joseph L. and Allen, John JB. and Hewig, Johannes},
  title     = {Inhibition of midfrontal theta with transcranial ultrasound explains greater approach versus withdrawal behavior in humans},
  series = {Brain Stimulation},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Brain Stimulation},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.brs.2023.08.011},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349890},
  pages     = {1278-1288},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Highlights • Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation/stimulation (TUS) is a growing field. • We conducted a double-blind sham-controlled within-subjects large sample TUS study. • Right prefrontal cortex TUS inhibits midfrontal theta electroencephalography (MFT). • TUS MFT inhibition explains greater approach versus withdrawal in a virtual T-maze. • This distinct TUS-MFT-behavior link merits future basic and applied research. Abstract Recent reviews highlighted low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (TUS) as a promising new tool for non-invasive neuromodulation in basic and applied sciences. Our preregistered double-blind within-subjects study (N = 152) utilized TUS targeting the right prefrontal cortex, which, in earlier work, was found to positively enhance self-reported global mood, decrease negative states of self-reported emotional conflict (anxiety/worrying), and modulate related midfrontal functional magnetic resonance imaging activity in affect regulation brain networks. To further explore TUS effects on objective physiological and behavioral variables, we used a virtual T-maze task that has been established in prior studies to measure motivational conflicts regarding whether participants execute approach versus withdrawal behavior (with free-choice responses via continuous joystick movements) while allowing to record related electroencephalographic data such as midfrontal theta activity (MFT). MFT, a reliable marker of conflict representation on a neuronal level, was of particular interest to us since it has repeatedly been shown to explain related behavior, with relatively low MFT typically preceding approach-like risky behavior and relatively high MFT typically preceding withdrawal-like risk aversion. Our central hypothesis is that TUS decreases MFT in T-maze conflict situations and thereby increases approach and reduces withdrawal. Results indicate that TUS led to significant MFT decreases, which significantly explained increases in approach behavior and decreases in withdrawal behavior. This study expands TUS evidence on a physiological and behavioral level with a large sample size of human subjects, suggesting the promise of further research based on this distinct TUS-MFT-behavior link to influence conflict monitoring and its behavioral consequences. Ultimately, this can serve as a foundation for future clinical work to establish TUS interventions for emotional and motivational mental health.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeisKunde2023,
  author    = {Weis, Patrick P. and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Overreliance on inefficient computer-mediated information retrieval is countermanded by strategy advice that promotes memory-mediated retrieval},
  series = {Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications},
  doi       = {10.1186/s41235-023-00526-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357892},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {With ubiquitous computing, problems can be solved using more strategies than ever, though many strategies feature subpar performance. Here, we explored whether and how simple advice regarding when to use which strategy can improve performance. Specifically, we presented unfamiliar alphanumeric equations (e.g., A + 5 = F) and asked whether counting up the alphabet from the left letter by the indicated number resulted in the right letter. In an initial choice block, participants could engage in one of three cognitive strategies: (a) internal counting, (b) internal retrieval of previously generated solutions, or (c) computer-mediated external retrieval of solutions. Participants belonged to one of two groups: they were either instructed to first try internal retrieval before using external retrieval, or received no specific use instructions. In a subsequent internal block with identical instructions for both groups, external retrieval was made unavailable. The 'try internal retrieval first' instruction in the choice block led to pronounced benefits (d = .76) in the internal block. Benefits were due to facilitated creation and retrieval of internal memory traces and possibly also due to improved strategy choice. These results showcase how simple strategy advice can greatly help users navigate cognitive environments. More generally, our results also imply that uninformed use of external tools (i.e., technology) can bear the risk of not developing and using even more superior internal processing strategies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisPfisterKundeetal.2023,
  author    = {Reis, Moritz and Pfister, Roland and Kunde, Wilfried and Foerster, Anna},
  title     = {Creative thinking does not promote dishonesty},
  series = {Royal Society Open Science},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Royal Society Open Science},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {2054-5703},
  doi       = {10.1098/rsos.230879},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349859},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {We assessed the relation of creativity and unethical behaviour by manipulating the thinking style of participants (N = 450 adults) and measuring the impact of this manipulation on the prevalence of dishonest behaviour. Participants performed one of three inducer tasks: the alternative uses task to promote divergent thinking, the remote associates task to promote convergent thinking, or a simple classification task for rule-based thinking. Before and after this manipulation, participants conducted the mind game as a straightforward measure of dishonesty. Dishonest behaviour increased from before to after the intervention, but we found no credible evidence that this increase differed between induced mindsets. Exploratory analyses did not support any relation of trait creativity and dishonesty either. We conclude that the influence of creative thinking on unethical behaviour seems to be more ambiguous than assumed in earlier research or might be restricted to specific populations or contexts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WehrheimFaskowitzSpornsetal.2023,
  author    = {Wehrheim, Maren H. and Faskowitz, Joshua and Sporns, Olaf and Fiebach, Christian J. and Kaschube, Matthias and Hilger, Kirsten},
  title     = {Few temporally distributed brain connectivity states predict human cognitive abilities},
  series = {NeuroImage},
  volume    = {277},
  journal   = {NeuroImage},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120246},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349874},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Highlights • Brain connectivity states identified by cofluctuation strength. • CMEP as new method to robustly predict human traits from brain imaging data. • Network-identifying connectivity 'events' are not predictive of cognitive ability. • Sixteen temporally independent fMRI time frames allow for significant prediction. • Neuroimaging-based assessment of cognitive ability requires sufficient scan lengths. Abstract Human functional brain connectivity can be temporally decomposed into states of high and low cofluctuation, defined as coactivation of brain regions over time. Rare states of particularly high cofluctuation have been shown to reflect fundamentals of intrinsic functional network architecture and to be highly subject-specific. However, it is unclear whether such network-defining states also contribute to individual variations in cognitive abilities - which strongly rely on the interactions among distributed brain regions. By introducing CMEP, a new eigenvector-based prediction framework, we show that as few as 16 temporally separated time frames (< 1.5\% of 10 min resting-state fMRI) can significantly predict individual differences in intelligence (N = 263, p < .001). Against previous expectations, individual's network-defining time frames of particularly high cofluctuation do not predict intelligence. Multiple functional brain networks contribute to the prediction, and all results replicate in an independent sample (N = 831). Our results suggest that although fundamentals of person-specific functional connectomes can be derived from few time frames of highest connectivity, temporally distributed information is necessary to extract information about cognitive abilities. This information is not restricted to specific connectivity states, like network-defining high-cofluctuation states, but rather reflected across the entire length of the brain connectivity time series.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZilligPauliWieseretal.2023,
  author    = {Zillig, Anna-Lena and Pauli, Paul and Wieser, Matthias and Reicherts, Philipp},
  title     = {Better safe than sorry? - On the influence of learned safety on pain perception},
  series = {PloS One},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {PloS One},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0289047},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349905},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The experience of threat was found to result—mostly—in increased pain, however it is still unclear whether the exact opposite, namely the feeling of safety may lead to a reduction of pain. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two between-subject experiments (N = 94; N = 87), investigating whether learned safety relative to a neutral control condition can reduce pain, while threat should lead to increased pain compared to a neutral condition. Therefore, participants first underwent either threat or safety conditioning, before entering an identical test phase, where the previously conditioned threat or safety cue and a newly introduced visual cue were presented simultaneously with heat pain stimuli. Methodological changes were performed in experiment 2 to prevent safety extinction and to facilitate conditioning in the first place: We included additional verbal instructions, increased the maximum length of the ISI and raised CS-US contingency in the threat group from 50\% to 75\%. In addition to pain ratings and ratings of the visual cues (threat, safety, arousal, valence, and contingency), in both experiments, we collected heart rate and skin conductance. Analysis of the cue ratings during acquisition indicate successful threat and safety induction, however results of the test phase, when also heat pain was administered, demonstrate rapid safety extinction in both experiments. Results suggest rather small modulation of subjective and physiological pain responses following threat or safety cues relative to the neutral condition. However, exploratory analysis revealed reduced pain ratings in later trials of the experiment in the safety group compared to the threat group in both studies, suggesting different temporal dynamics for threat and safety learning and extinction, respectively. Perspective: The present results demonstrate the challenge to maintain safety in the presence of acute pain and suggest more research on the interaction of affective learning mechanism and pain processing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrobachKuertenHuestegge2023,
  author    = {Strobach, Tilo and K{\"u}rten, Jens and Huestegge, Lynn},
  title     = {Benefits of repeated alternations - task-specific vs. task-general sequential adjustments of dual-task order control},
  series = {Acta Psychologica},
  volume    = {236},
  journal   = {Acta Psychologica},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103921},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349868},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {An important cognitive requirement in multitasking is the decision of how multiple tasks should be temporally scheduled (task order control). Specifically, task order switches (vs. repetitions) yield performance costs (i.e., task-order switch costs), suggesting that task order scheduling is a vital part of configuring a task set. Recently, it has been shown that this process takes specific task-related characteristics into account: task order switches were easier when switching to a preferred (vs. non-preferred) task order. Here, we ask whether another determinant of task order control, namely the phenomenon that a task order switch in a previous trial facilitates a task order switch in a current trial (i.e., a sequential modulation of task order switch effect) also takes task-specific characteristics into account. Based on three experiments involving task order switches between a preferred (dominant oculomotor task prior to non-dominant manual/pedal task) and a non-preferred (vice versa) order, we replicated the finding that task order switching (in Trial N) is facilitated after a previous switch (vs. repetition in Trial N - 1) in task order. There was no substantial evidence in favor of a significant difference when switching to the preferred vs. non-preferred order and in the analyses of the dominant oculomotor task and the non-dominant manual task. This indicates different mechanisms underlying the control of immediate task order configuration (indexed by task order switch costs) and the sequential modulation of these costs based on the task order transition type in the previous trial.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfisterSchwarzHolzmannetal.2023,
  author    = {Pfister, Roland and Schwarz, Katharina A. and Holzmann, Patricia and Reis, Moritz and Yogeeswaran, Kumar and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Headlines win elections: mere exposure to fictitious news media alters voting behavior},
  series = {PloS One},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {PloS One},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0289341},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349845},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Repeatedly encountering a stimulus biases the observer's affective response and evaluation of the stimuli. Here we provide evidence for a causal link between mere exposure to fictitious news reports and subsequent voting behavior. In four pre-registered online experiments, participants browsed through newspaper webpages and were tacitly exposed to names of fictitious politicians. Exposure predicted voting behavior in a subsequent mock election, with a consistent preference for frequent over infrequent names, except when news items were decidedly negative. Follow-up analyses indicated that mere media presence fuels implicit personality theories regarding a candidate's vigor in political contexts. News outlets should therefore be mindful to cover political candidates as evenly as possible.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GramAlbertovaSchirmeretal.2022,
  author    = {Gram, Maximilian and Albertova, P. and Schirmer, V. and Blaimer, M. and Gamer, M. and Herrmann, M. J. and Nordbeck, P. and Jakob, P. M.},
  title     = {Towards robust in vivo quantification of oscillating biomagnetic fields using Rotary Excitation based MRI},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-19275-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300862},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Spin-lock based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential for direct spatially-resolved detection of neuronal activity and thus may represent an important step for basic research in neuroscience. In this work, the corresponding fundamental effect of Rotary EXcitation (REX) is investigated both in simulations as well as in phantom and in vivo experiments. An empirical law for predicting optimal spin-lock pulse durations for maximum magnetic field sensitivity was found. Experimental conditions were established that allow robust detection of ultra-weak magnetic field oscillations with simultaneous compensation of static field inhomogeneities. Furthermore, this work presents a novel concept for the emulation of brain activity utilizing the built-in MRI gradient system, which allows REX sequences to be validated in vivo under controlled and reproducible conditions. Via transmission of Rotary EXcitation (tREX), we successfully detected magnetic field oscillations in the lower nano-Tesla range in brain tissue. Moreover, tREX paves the way for the quantification of biomagnetic fields.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MichelSoellMolitor2022,
  author    = {Michel, Eva and S{\"o}ll, Lena and Molitor, Sabine},
  title     = {Die Rolle elternbeurteilter exekutiver Funktionen zur Schulleistungsprognose},
  series = {Lernen und Lernst{\"o}rungen},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Lernen und Lernst{\"o}rungen},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2235-0977},
  doi       = {10.1024/2235-0977/a000334},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231575},
  pages     = {43-54},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Einleitung: Unter dem Begriff exekutive Funktionen (EF) werden h{\"a}ufig die Komponenten Inhibition, kognitive Flexibilit{\"a}t und Aktualisierung von Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnisrepr{\"a}sentationen subsumiert. EF sind bereichs{\"u}bergreifende Pr{\"a}diktoren schulischer Leistungen. Verschiedene Operationalisierungen derselben Komponente, z.B. Performanztests und Elterneinsch{\"a}tzungen, zeigen h{\"a}ufig nur geringe Interkorrelationen. Die Methoden scheinen unterschiedliche Aspekte einer Komponente zu erfassen, daher k{\"o}nnte eine Kombination zur Vorhersage schulischer Leistungen sinnvoll sein. Methode: N = 96 Erst- und Zweitkl{\"a}ssler_innen mit und ohne Entwicklungsauff{\"a}lligkeiten wurden mittels EF-Performanztests und Schulleistungstests zu Mathematik und Lesen untersucht. Per Fragebogen wurden elternbeurteilte EF und als Kontrollvariablen der sozio{\"o}konomische Status (S{\"O}S) und das Vorliegen von Merkmalen einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung (ADHS) erfasst. Ergebnisse: Elternbeurteilungen hatten {\"u}ber die Performanztests hinaus einen bedeutsamen Vorhersagewert f{\"u}r die Mathematik- und Leseleistung. Der Einfluss von Alter, S{\"O}S und ADHS-Merkmalen wurde kontrolliert. Diskussion: Die kombinierte Anwendung beider Erfassungsmethoden scheint somit vorteilhaft f{\"u}r die Prognose schulischer Leistungen und die Pr{\"a}vention von Schulleistungsproblemen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AbendrothNaurothRichteretal.2022,
  author    = {Abendroth, Johanna and Nauroth, Peter and Richter, Tobias and Gollwitzer, Mario},
  title     = {Non-strategic detection of identity-threatening information: Epistemic validation and identity defense may share a common cognitive basis},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0261535},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301019},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Readers use prior knowledge to evaluate the validity of statements and detect false information without effort and strategic control. The present study expands this research by exploring whether people also non-strategically detect information that threatens their social identity. Participants (N = 77) completed a task in which they had to respond to a "True" or "False" probe after reading true, false, identity-threatening, or non-threatening sentences. Replicating previous studies, participants reacted more slowly to a positive probe ("True") after reading false (vs. true) sentences. Notably, participants also reacted more slowly to a positive probe after reading identity-threatening (vs. non-threatening) sentences. These results provide first evidence that identity-threatening information, just as false information, is detected at a very early stage of information processing and lends support to the notion of a routine, non-strategic identity-defense mechanism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfisterFoerster2022,
  author    = {Pfister, Roland and Foerster, Anna},
  title     = {How to measure post-error slowing: The case of pre-error speeding},
  series = {Behavior Research Methods},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Behavior Research Methods},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1554-3528},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13428-021-01631-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273244},
  pages     = {435-443},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Post-error slowing is one of the most widely employed measures to study cognitive and behavioral consequences of error commission. Several methods have been proposed to quantify the post-error slowing effect, and we discuss two main methods: The traditional method of comparing response times in correct post-error trials to response times of correct trials that follow another correct trial, and a more recent proposal of comparing response times in correct post-error trials to the corresponding correct pre-error trials. Based on thorough re-analyses of two datasets, we argue that the latter method provides an inflated estimate by also capturing the (partially) independent effect of pre-error speeding. We propose two solutions for improving the assessment of human error processing, both of which highlight the importance of distinguishing between initial pre-error speeding and later post-error slowing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GhafoorNordbeckRitteretal.2022,
  author    = {Ghafoor, Hina and Nordbeck, Peter and Ritter, Oliver and Pauli, Paul and Schulz, Stefan M.},
  title     = {Can Religiosity and Social Support Explain Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Cultural Study},
  series = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0022-4197},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10943-020-01163-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232823},
  pages     = {158-174},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Religion and social support along with trait emotional intelligence (EI) help individuals to reduce stress caused by difficult situations. Their implications may vary across cultures in reference to predicting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A convenience sample of N = 200 chronic heart failure (CHF) patients was recruited at cardiology centers in Germany (n = 100) and Pakistan (n = 100). Results indicated that trait-EI predicted better mental component of HRQoL in Pakistani and German CHF patients. Friends as social support appeared relevant for German patients only. Qualitative data indicate an internal locus of control in German as compared to Pakistani patients. Strengthening the beneficial role of social support in Pakistani patients is one example of how the current findings may inspire culture-specific treatment to empower patients dealing with the detrimental effects of CHF.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisPfister2022,
  author    = {Reis, Moritz and Pfister, Roland},
  title     = {Being Observed Does Not Boost Rule Retrieval},
  series = {Advances in Cognitive Psychology},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Advances in Cognitive Psychology},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.5709/acp-0359-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301089},
  pages     = {173 -- 178},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Previous research, mainly focusing on the situational preconditions of rule violations, indicates that feelings of being watched by other agents promote rule compliance. However, the cognitive underpinnings of this effect and of rule violations in general have only attracted little scientific attention yet. In this study, we investigated whether cues of being observed not only reduce the likelihood of violating rules but also affect the underlying cognitive processes of such behavior when still putting a rule violation into action. Therefore, we applied a motion-tracking paradigm in which participants could violate a simple stimulus-response mapping rule while being faced with pictures of either open or closed eyes. In line with prior research, temporal and spatial measures of the participants' movements indicated that violating this rule induced substantial cognitive conflict. However, conflict during rulebreaking was not moderated by the eye stimuli. This outcome suggests that rule retrieval constitutes an automatic process which is not or is only barely influenced by situational parameters. Moreover, our results imply that the effect of perceived observation on rule conformity is driven by normative influences on decision-making instead of social facilitation of dominant action tendencies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EidelKuebler2022,
  author    = {Eidel, M. and K{\"u}bler, A.},
  title     = {Identifying potential training factors in a vibrotactile P300-BCI},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-18088-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301064},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) often rely on visual stimulation and feedback. Potential end-users with impaired vision, however, cannot use these BCIs efficiently and require a non-visual alternative. Both auditory and tactile paradigms have been developed but are often not sufficiently fast or accurate. Thus, it is particularly relevant to investigate if and how users can train and improve performance. We report data from 29 healthy participants who trained with a 4-choice tactile P300-BCI during five sessions. To identify potential training factors, we pre-post assessed the robustness of the BCI performance against increased workload in a dual task condition and determined the participants' somatosensory sensitivity thresholds with a forced-choice intensity discrimination task. Accuracy (M = 79.2\% to 92.0\%) and tactually evoked P300 amplitudes increased significantly, confirming successful training. Pre-post somatosensory sensitivity increased, and workload decreased significantly, but results of the dual task condition remained inconclusive. The present study confirmed the previously reported feasibility and trainability of our tactile BCI paradigm within a multi-session design. Importantly, we provide first evidence of improvement in the somatosensory system as a potential mediator for the observed training effects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuraliHaendel2022,
  author    = {Murali, Supriya and H{\"a}ndel, Barbara},
  title     = {Motor restrictions impair divergent thinking during walking and during sitting},
  series = {Psychological Research},
  volume    = {86},
  journal   = {Psychological Research},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {1430-2772},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-021-01636-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267722},
  pages     = {2144-2157},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Creativity, specifically divergent thinking, has been shown to benefit from unrestrained walking. Despite these findings, it is not clear if it is the lack of restriction that leads to the improvement. Our goal was to explore the effects of motor restrictions on divergent thinking for different movement states. In addition, we assessed whether spontaneous eye blinks, which are linked to motor execution, also predict performance. In experiment 1, we compared the performance in Guilford's alternate uses task (AUT) during walking vs. sitting, and analysed eye blink rates during both conditions. We found that AUT scores were higher during walking than sitting. Albeit eye blinks differed significantly between movement conditions (walking vs. sitting) and task phase (baseline vs. thinking vs. responding), they did not correlate with task performance. In experiment 2 and 3, participants either walked freely or in a restricted path, or sat freely or fixated on a screen. When the factor restriction was explicitly modulated, the effect of walking was reduced, while restriction showed a significant influence on the fluency scores. Importantly, we found a significant correlation between the rate of eye blinks and creativity scores between subjects, depending on the restriction condition. Our study shows a movement state-independent effect of restriction on divergent thinking. In other words, similar to unrestrained walking, unrestrained sitting also improves divergent thinking. Importantly, we discuss a mechanistic explanation of the effect of restriction on divergent thinking based on the increased size of the focus of attention and the consequent bias towards flexibility.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZyberajSeibelSchowalteretal.2022,
  author    = {Zyberaj, Jetmir and Seibel, Sebastian and Schowalter, Annika F. and P{\"o}tz, Lennart and Richter-Killenberg, Stefanie and Volmer, Judith},
  title     = {Developing sustainable careers during a pandemic: the role of psychological capital and career adaptability},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su14053105},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267286},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only had negative effects on employees' health, but also on their prospects to gain and maintain employment. Using a longitudinal research design with two measurement points, we investigated the ramifications of various psychological and organizational resources on employees' careers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, in a sample of German employees (N = 305), we investigated the role of psychological capital (PsyCap) for four career-related outcomes: career satisfaction, career engagement, coping with changes in career due to COVID-19, and career-related COVID-19 worries. We also employed leader-member exchange (LMX) as a moderator and career adaptability as a mediating variable in these relationships. Results from path analyses revealed a positive association between PsyCap and career satisfaction and career coping. Furthermore, PsyCap was indirectly related to career engagement through career adaptability. However, moderation analysis showed no moderating role of LMX on the link between PsyCap and career adaptability. Our study contributes to the systematic research concerning the role of psychological and organizational resources for employees' careers and well-being, especially for crisis contexts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KiserGromerPaulietal.2022,
  author    = {Kiser, Dominik P. and Gromer, Daniel and Pauli, Paul and Hilger, Kirsten},
  title     = {A virtual reality social conditioned place preference paradigm for humans: Does trait social anxiety affect approach and avoidance of virtual agents?},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  issn      = {2673-4192},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2022.916575},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-293564},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Approach and avoidance of positive and negative social cues are fundamental to prevent isolation and ensure survival. High trait social anxiety is characterized by an avoidance of social situations and extensive avoidance is a risk factor for the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Therefore, experimental methods to assess social avoidance behavior in humans are essential. The social conditioned place preference (SCPP) paradigm is a well-established experimental paradigm in animal research that is used to objectively investigate social approach-avoidance mechanisms. We retranslated this paradigm for human research using virtual reality. To this end, 58 healthy adults were exposed to either a happy- or angry-looking virtual agent in a specific room, and the effects of this encounter on dwell time as well as evaluation of this room in a later test without an agent were examined. We did not observe a general SCPP effect on dwell time or ratings but discovered a moderation by trait social anxiety, in which participants with higher trait social anxiety spent less time in the room in which the angry agent was present before, suggesting that higher levels of trait social anxiety foster conditioned social avoidance. However, further studies are needed to verify this observation and substantiate an association with social anxiety disorder. We discussed the strengths, limitations, and technical implications of our paradigm for future investigations to more comprehensively understand the mechanisms involved in social anxiety and facilitate the development of new personalized treatment approaches by using virtual reality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrappEllKiermeieretal.2022,
  author    = {Grapp, Miriam and Ell, Johanna and Kiermeier, Senta and Haun, Markus W. and K{\"u}bler, Andrea and Friederich, Hans-Christoph and Maatouk, Imad},
  title     = {Feasibility study of a self-guided internet-based intervention for family caregivers of patients with cancer (OAse)},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-21157-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300537},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Despite high levels of distress, family caregivers of patients with cancer rarely seek psychosocial support and Internet-based interventions (IBIs) are a promising approach to reduce some access barriers. Therefore, we developed a self-guided IBI for family caregivers of patients with cancer (OAse), which, in addition to patients' spouses, also addresses other family members (e.g., adult children, parents). This study aimed to determine the feasibility of OAse (recruitment, dropout, adherence, participant satisfaction). Secondary outcomes were caregivers' self-efficacy, emotional state, and supportive care needs. N = 41 family caregivers participated in the study (female: 65\%), mostly spouses (71\%), followed by children (20\%), parents (7\%), and friends (2\%). Recruitment (47\%), retention (68\%), and adherence rates (76\% completed at least 4 of 6 lessons) support the feasibility of OAse. Overall, the results showed a high degree of overall participant satisfaction (96\%). There were no significant pre-post differences in secondary outcome criteria, but a trend toward improvement in managing difficult interactions/emotions (p = .06) and depression/anxiety (p = .06). Although the efficacy of the intervention remains to be investigated, our results suggest that OAse can be well implemented in caregivers' daily lives and has the potential to improve family caregivers' coping strategies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RodriguesZiebellMuelleretal.2022,
  author    = {Rodrigues, Johannes and Ziebell, Philipp and M{\"u}ller, Mathias and Hewig, Johannes},
  title     = {Standardizing continuous data classifications in a virtual T-maze using two-layer feedforward networks},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-17013-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301096},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {There continues to be difficulties when it comes to replication of studies in the field of Psychology. In part, this may be caused by insufficiently standardized analysis methods that may be subject to state dependent variations in performance. In this work, we show how to easily adapt the two-layer feedforward neural network architecture provided by Huang1 to a behavioral classification problem as well as a physiological classification problem which would not be solvable in a standardized way using classical regression or "simple rule" approaches. In addition, we provide an example for a new research paradigm along with this standardized analysis method. This paradigm as well as the analysis method can be adjusted to any necessary modification or applied to other paradigms or research questions. Hence, we wanted to show that two-layer feedforward neural networks can be used to increase standardization as well as replicability and illustrate this with examples based on a virtual T-maze paradigm\(^{2-5}\) including free virtual movement via joystick and advanced physiological data signal processing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirschKunde2022,
  author    = {Kirsch, Wladimir and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Perceptual changes after learning of an arbitrary mapping between vision and hand movements},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-15579-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301074},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The present study examined the perceptual consequences of learning arbitrary mappings between visual stimuli and hand movements. Participants moved a small cursor with their unseen hand twice to a large visual target object and then judged either the relative distance of the hand movements (Exp.1), or the relative number of dots that appeared in the two consecutive target objects (Exp.2) using a two-alternative forced choice method. During a learning phase, the numbers of dots that appeared in the target object were correlated with the hand movement distance. In Exp.1, we observed that after the participants were trained to expect many dots with larger hand movements, they judged movements made to targets with many dots as being longer than the same movements made to targets with few dots. In Exp.2, another group of participants who received the same training judged the same number of dots as smaller when larger rather than smaller hand movements were executed. When many dots were paired with smaller hand movements during the learning phase of both experiments, no significant changes in the perception of movements and of visual stimuli were observed. These results suggest that changes in the perception of body states and of external objects can arise when certain body characteristics co-occur with certain characteristics of the environment. They also indicate that the (dis)integration of multimodal perceptual signals depends not only on the physical or statistical relation between these signals, but on which signal is currently attended.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TibkenRichterLindenetal.2022,
  author    = {Tibken, Catharina and Richter, Tobias and Linden, Nicole von der and Schmiedeler, Sandra and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The role of metacognitive competences in the development of school achievement among gifted adolescents},
  series = {Child Development},
  volume    = {93},
  journal   = {Child Development},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/cdev.13640},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258376},
  pages     = {117-133},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Gifted underachievers perform worse in school than would be expected based on their high intelligence. Possible causes for underachievement are low motivational dispositions (need for cognition) and metacognitive competences. This study tested the interplay of these variables longitudinally with gifted and non-gifted students from Germany (N = 341, 137 females) in Grades 6 (M = 12.02 years at t1) and 8 (M = 14.07 years). Declarative and procedural metacognitive competences were assessed in the domain of reading comprehension. Path analyses showed incremental effects of procedural metacognition over and above intelligence on the development of school achievement in gifted students (β = .139). Moreover, declarative metacognition and need for cognition interactively predicted procedural metacognition (β = .169), which mediated their effect on school achievement.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaethnerEidelHaegeetal.2022,
  author    = {K{\"a}thner, Ivo and Eidel, Matthias and H{\"a}ge, Anne-Sophie and Gram, Annika and Pauli, Paul},
  title     = {Observing physicians acting with different levels of empathy modulates later assessed pain tolerance},
  series = {British Journal of Health Psychology},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {British Journal of Health Psychology},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/bjhp.12553},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258368},
  pages     = {434-448},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objectives The patient-physician relationship is essential for treatment success. Previous studies demonstrated that physicians who behave empathic in their interaction with patients have a positive effect on health outcomes. In this study, we investigated if the mere perception of physicians as empathic/not empathic modulates pain despite an emotionally neutral interaction with the patients. Methods N = 60 women took part in an experimental study that simulated a clinical interaction. In the paradigm, each participant watched two immersive 360° videos via a head-mounted display from a patient's perspective. The physicians in the videos behaved either empathic or not empathic towards a third person. Importantly, these physicians remained emotionally neutral in the subsequent virtual interaction with the participants. Finally, participants received a controlled, painful pressure stimulus within the narratives of the videos. Results The physicians in the high compared with the low empathy videos were rated as more empathic and more likable, indicating successful experimental manipulation. In spite of later neutral behaviour of physicians, this short observation of physicians' behaviour towards a third person was sufficient to modulate pain tolerance of the participants. Conclusions The finding of this study that the mere observation of physicians' behaviour towards a third person modulates pain, despite a neutral direct interaction with the participants, has important clinical implications. Further, the proposed paradigm enables investigating aspects of patient-physician communication that are difficult to examine in a clinical setting.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuthHeiligMarquardtetal.2022,
  author    = {Muth, Felicitas V. and Heilig, Michael and Marquardt, Dorothea and Mittelberg, Linda and Sebald, Albrecht and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Lightness perception of structured surfaces},
  series = {Color Research and Application},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Color Research and Application},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/col.22740},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257314},
  pages     = {377-387},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Visual perception of surfaces is of utmost importance in everyday life. Therefore, it comes naturally, that different surface structures evoke different visual impressions in the viewer even if the material underlying these surface structures is the same. This topic is especially virulent for manufacturing processes in which more than one stakeholder is involved, but where the final product needs to meet certain criteria. A common practice to address such slight but perceivable differences in the visual appearance of structured surfaces is that trained evaluators assess the samples and assign a pass or fail. However, this process is both time consuming and cost intensive. Thus, we conducted two studies to analyze the relationship between physical surface structure parameters and participants visual assessment of the samples. With the first experiment, we aimed at uncovering a relationship between physical roughness parameters and visual lightness perception while the second experiment was designed to test participants' discrimination sensitivity across the range of stimuli. Perceived lightness and the measured surface roughness were nonlinearly related to the surface structure. Additionally, we found a linear relationship between the engraving parameter and physical brightness. Surface structure was an ideal predictor for perceived lightness and participants discriminated equally well across the entire range of surface structures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoschetScherbaumPittig2022,
  author    = {Boschet, Juliane M. and Scherbaum, Stefan and Pittig, Andre},
  title     = {Costly avoidance of Pavlovian fear stimuli and the temporal dynamics of its decision process},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-09931-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301041},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Conflicts between avoiding feared stimuli versus approaching them for competing rewards are essential for functional behavior and anxious psychopathology. Yet, little is known about the underlying decision process. We examined approach-avoidance decisions and their temporal dynamics when avoiding Pavlovian fear stimuli conflicted with gaining rewards. First, a formerly neutral stimulus (CS+) was repeatedly paired with an aversive stimulus (US) to establish Pavlovian fear. Another stimulus (CS-) was never paired with the US. A control group received neutral tones instead of aversive USs. Next, in each of 324 trials, participants chose between a CS-/low reward and a CS+/high reward option. For the latter, probability of CS+ presentation (Pavlovian fear information) and reward magnitude (reward information) varied. Computer mouse movements were tracked to capture the decision dynamics. Although no more USs occurred, pronounced and persistent costly avoidance of the Pavlovian fear CS+ was found. Time-continuous multiple regression of movement trajectories revealed a stronger and faster impact of Pavlovian fear compared to reward information during decision-making. The impact of fear information, but not reward information, modestly decreased across trials. These findings suggest a persistently stronger weighting of fear compared to reward information during approach-avoidance decisions, which may facilitate the development of pathological avoidance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EderMaasSchubmannetal.2022,
  author    = {Eder, Andreas B. and Maas, Franzisca and Schubmann, Alexander and Krishna, Anand and Erle, Thorsten M.},
  title     = {Motivations underlying self-infliction of pain during thinking for pleasure},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-14775-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301059},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Previous research suggested that people prefer to administer unpleasant electric shocks to themselves rather than being left alone with their thoughts because engagement in thinking is an unpleasant activity. The present research examined this negative reinforcement hypothesis by giving participants a choice of distracting themselves with the generation of electric shock causing no to intense pain. Four experiments (N = 254) replicated the result that a large proportion of participants opted to administer painful shocks to themselves during the thinking period. However, they administered strong electric shocks to themselves even when an innocuous response option generating no or a mild shock was available. Furthermore, participants inflicted pain to themselves when they were assisted in the generation of pleasant thoughts during the waiting period, with no difference between pleasant versus unpleasant thought conditions. Overall, these results question that the primary motivation for the self-administration of painful shocks is avoidance of thinking. Instead, it seems that the self-infliction of pain was attractive for many participants, because they were curious about the shocks, their intensities, and the effects they would have on them.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Franz2022,
  author    = {Franz, David J.},
  title     = {Is Applied Ethics Morally Problematic?},
  series = {Journal of Academic Ethics},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Journal of Academic Ethics},
  issn      = {1572-8544},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10805-021-09417-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269095},
  pages     = {359-374},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper argues that applied ethics can itself be morally problematic. As illustrated by the case of Peter Singer's criticism of social practice, morally loaded communication by applied ethicists can lead to protests, backlashes, and aggression. By reviewing the psychological literature on self-image, collective identity, and motivated reasoning three categories of morally problematic consequences of ethical criticism by applied ethicists are identified: serious psychological discomfort, moral backfiring, and hostile conflict. The most worrisome is moral backfiring: psychological research suggests that ethical criticism of people's central moral convictions can reinforce exactly those attitudes. Therefore, applied ethicists unintentionally can contribute to a consolidation of precisely those social circumstances that they condemn to be unethical. Furthermore, I argue that the normative concerns raised in this paper are not dependent on the commitment to one specific paradigm in moral philosophy. Utilitarianism, Aristotelian virtue ethics, and Rawlsian contractarianism all provide sound reasons to take morally problematic consequences of ethical criticism seriously. Only the case of deontological ethics is less clear-cut. Finally, I point out that the issues raised in this paper provide an excellent opportunity for further interdisciplinary collaboration between applied ethics and social sciences. I also propose strategies for communicating ethics effectively.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BreilHuesteggeBoeckler2022,
  author    = {Breil, Christina and Huestegge, Lynn and B{\"o}ckler, Anne},
  title     = {From eye to arrow: Attention capture by direct gaze requires more than just the eyes},
  series = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics},
  volume    = {84},
  journal   = {Attention, Perception \& Psychophysics},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1943-393X},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13414-021-02382-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273206},
  pages     = {64-75},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Human attention is strongly attracted by direct gaze and sudden onset motion. The sudden direct-gaze effect refers to the processing advantage for targets appearing on peripheral faces that suddenly establish eye contact. Here, we investigate the necessity of social information for attention capture by (sudden onset) ostensive cues. Six experiments involving 204 participants applied (1) naturalistic faces, (2) arrows, (3) schematic eyes, (4) naturalistic eyes, or schematic facial configurations (5) without or (6) with head turn to an attention-capture paradigm. Trials started with two stimuli oriented towards the observer and two stimuli pointing into the periphery. Simultaneous to target presentation, one direct stimulus changed to averted and one averted stimulus changed to direct, yielding a 2 × 2 factorial design with direction and motion cues being absent or present. We replicated the (sudden) direct-gaze effect for photographic faces, but found no corresponding effects in Experiments 2-6. Hence, a holistic and socially meaningful facial context seems vital for attention capture by direct gaze. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The present study highlights the significance of context information for social attention. Our findings demonstrate that the direct-gaze effect, that is, the prioritization of direct gaze over averted gaze, critically relies on the presentation of a meaningful holistic and naturalistic facial context. This pattern of results is evidence in favor of early effects of surrounding social information on attention capture by direct gaze.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WongPittig2022,
  author    = {Wong, Alex H. K. and Pittig, Andre},
  title     = {A dimensional measure of safety behavior: A non-dichotomous assessment of costly avoidance in human fear conditioning},
  series = {Psychological Research},
  volume    = {86},
  journal   = {Psychological Research},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1430-2772},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-021-01490-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267688},
  pages     = {312-330},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Safety behavior prevents the occurrence of threat, thus it is typically considered adaptive. However, safety behavior in anxiety-related disorders is often costly, and persists even the situation does not entail realistic threat. Individuals can engage in safety behavior to varying extents, however, these behaviors are typically measured dichotomously (i.e., to execute or not). To better understand the nuances of safety behavior, this study developed a dimensional measure of safety behavior that had a negative linear relationship with the admission of an aversive outcome. In two experiments, a Reward group receiving fixed or individually calibrated incentives competing with safety behavior showed reduced safety behavior than a Control group receiving no incentives. This allowed extinction learning to a previously learnt warning signal in the Reward group (i.e., updating the belief that this stimulus no longer signals threat). Despite the Reward group exhibited extinction learning, both groups showed a similar increase in fear to the warning signal once safety behavior was no longer available. This null group difference was due to some participants in the Reward group not incentivized enough to disengage from safety behavior. Dimensional assessment revealed a dissociation between low fear but substantial safety behavior to a safety signal in the Control group. This suggests that low-cost safety behavior does not accurately reflect the fear-driven processes, but also other non-fear-driven processes, such as cost (i.e., engage in safety behavior merely because it bears little to no cost). Pinpointing both processes is important for furthering the understanding of safety behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeszmelyiWellerKundeetal.2022,
  author    = {Neszm{\´e}lyi, Bence and Weller, Lisa and Kunde, Wilfried and Pfister, Roland},
  title     = {Social action effects: representing predicted partner responses in social interactions},
  series = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
  issn      = {1662-5161},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnhum.2022.837495},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276609},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The sociomotor framework outlines a possible role of social action effects on human action control, suggesting that anticipated partner reactions are a major cue to represent, select, and initiate own body movements. Here, we review studies that elucidate the actual content of social action representations and that explore factors that can distinguish action control processes involving social and inanimate action effects. Specifically, we address two hypotheses on how the social context can influence effect-based action control: first, by providing unique social features such as body-related, anatomical codes, and second, by orienting attention towards any relevant feature dimensions of the action effects. The reviewed empirical work presents a surprisingly mixed picture: while there is indirect evidence for both accounts, previous studies that directly addressed the anatomical account showed no signs of the involvement of genuinely social features in sociomotor action control. Furthermore, several studies show evidence against the differentiation of social and non-social action effect processing, portraying sociomotor action representations as remarkably non-social. A focus on enhancing the social experience in future studies should, therefore, complement the current database to establish whether such settings give rise to the hypothesized influence of social context.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GruendahlWeissMaieretal.2022,
  author    = {Gr{\"u}ndahl, Marthe and Weiß, Martin and Maier, Lisa and Hewig, Johannes and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Hein, Grit},
  title     = {Construction and validation of a scale to measure loneliness and isolation during social distancing and its effect on mental health},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  issn      = {1664-0640},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.798596},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269446},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A variety of factors contribute to the degree to which a person feels lonely and socially isolated. These factors may be particularly relevant in contexts requiring social distancing, e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic or in states of immunodeficiency. We present the Loneliness and Isolation during Social Distancing (LISD) Scale. Extending existing measures, the LISD scale measures both state and trait aspects of loneliness and isolation, including indicators of social connectedness and support. In addition, it reliably predicts individual differences in anxiety and depression. Data were collected online from two independent samples in a social distancing context (the COVID-19 pandemic). Factorial validation was based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA; Sample 1, N = 244) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; Sample 2, N = 304). Multiple regression analyses were used to assess how the LISD scale predicts state anxiety and depression. The LISD scale showed satisfactory fit in both samples. Its two state factors indicate being lonely and isolated as well as connected and supported, while its three trait factors reflect general loneliness and isolation, sociability and sense of belonging, and social closeness and support. Our results imply strong predictive power of the LISD scale for state anxiety and depression, explaining 33 and 51\% of variance, respectively. Anxiety and depression scores were particularly predicted by low dispositional sociability and sense of belonging and by currently being more lonely and isolated. In turn, being lonely and isolated was related to being less connected and supported (state) as well as having lower social closeness and support in general (trait). We provide a novel scale which distinguishes between acute and general dimensions of loneliness and social isolation while also predicting mental health. The LISD scale could be a valuable and economic addition to the assessment of mental health factors impacted by social distancing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RichterHertelKubiketal.2022,
  author    = {Richter, Tobias and Hertel, Silke and Kubik, Veit and Marksteiner, Tamara and Souvignier, Elmar and Sparfeldt, J{\"o}rn R.},
  title     = {In welchen Branchen und f{\"u}r welche beruflichen T{\"a}tigkeiten werden Psychologinnen und Psychologen gesucht und was sollten sie k{\"o}nnen? : Eine systematische Inhaltsanalyse von Stellenanzeigen},
  series = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  volume    = {73},
  journal   = {Psychologische Rundschau},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {0033-3042},
  doi       = {10.1026/0033-3042/a000557},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-251451},
  pages     = {229-242},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {{\"U}ber die Struktur des Arbeitsmarkts f{\"u}r Psychologinnen und Psychologen, insbesondere {\"u}ber die quantitative Verteilung von Stellen auf verschiedene Besch{\"a}ftigungsbereiche, berufliche T{\"a}tigkeiten, geforderte Kompetenzen und Abschl{\"u}sse, liegen keine zuverl{\"a}ssigen und aktuellen Informationen vor. Wir berichten die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Inhaltsanalyse von 2025 Stellenanzeigen, die im Zeitraum von jeweils einem Monat in den Jahren 2018 und 2020 in g{\"a}ngigen deutschen Online-Stellenb{\"o}rsen ver{\"o}ffentlicht wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Arbeitsmarkt f{\"u}r Psychologinnen und Psychologen {\"a}ußerst vielf{\"a}ltig ist und eine große Bandbreite beruflicher T{\"a}tigkeiten im Gesundheits-‍, Bildungs- und Sozialwesen, der Wirtschaft, der Wissenschaft sowie bei Polizei, Justiz und Verwaltung umfasst. Die Psychotherapie war mit 35 \% das gr{\"o}ßte Berufsfeld, w{\"a}hrend sich die Mehrzahl der Stellen auf berufliche T{\"a}tigkeiten verteilte, die sich in der Regel keinem einzelnen Fachgebiet der Psychologie zuordnen ließen. F{\"u}r 27 \% der ausgeschriebenen Stellen war eine Approbation erforderlich, und 28 \% der Stellen waren befristet. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Informationen f{\"u}r die Konzeption und professionsorientierte Gestaltung von psychologischen Studieng{\"a}ngen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TeichmuellerBastRittneretal.2022,
  author    = {Teichm{\"u}ller, K. and Bast, L. and Rittner, H. L. and Kindl, G.},
  title     = {Chronische Schmerzen im Seniorenalter vor dem Hintergrund der COVID-19-Pandemie},
  series = {Der Schmerz},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Der Schmerz},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00482-022-00663-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-346778},
  pages     = {429-436},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund Internationale Studien belegen negative Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Stimmung und Stresslevel befragter Personen. Auch konnten Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der Pandemie und h{\"o}heren Schmerzst{\"a}rken sowie st{\"a}rkerer schmerzbedingter Beeintr{\"a}chtigung nachgewiesen werden. Die Studienlage dazu, ob {\"a}ltere Menschen besser oder schlechter mit der Pandemie und ihren Auswirkungen umgehen k{\"o}nnen als j{\"u}ngere Personen, ist aber uneindeutig. Methodik Seit einigen Jahren bietet das Universit{\"a}tsklinikum W{\"u}rzburg ein multimodales Schmerztherapieprogramm f{\"u}r SeniorInnen an. F{\"u}r die vorliegende Arbeit wurden retrospektiv klinische Routinedaten zum Zeitpunkt des interdisziplin{\"a}ren multimodalen Assessments von n = 75 TeilnehmerInnen in den Jahren 2018 und 2019 mit denen von n = 42 Patientinnen w{\"a}hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020-2021 verglichen. Wir untersuchten Schmerz, psychische Belastung und k{\"o}rperliches Funktionsniveau mithilfe des Deutschen Schmerzfragebogens, klinischer Diagnostik und geriatrischer Funktionstests. Ergebnisse Die beiden Teilstichproben unterschieden sich nicht in demografischen Merkmalen. Bez{\"u}glich Schmerzintensit{\"a}t und Beeintr{\"a}chtigung sowie der psychischen Belastung fanden sich ebenfalls keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Lediglich die Anzahl der schmerzbedingt beeintr{\"a}chtigten Tage war vor Corona signifikant h{\"o}her. Die geriatrischen Funktionstests zeigten signifikant bessere Werte w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie an. Diskussion Die vorliegenden Daten zeigen keine Verschlechterung von Schmerz und k{\"o}rperlichem sowie psychischem Wohlbefinden bei SeniorInnen vor dem Hintergrund der Pandemie. Weitere Studien sollten die m{\"o}glichen Gr{\"u}nde daf{\"u}r untersuchen. Diese k{\"o}nnten in einer h{\"o}heren Resilienz der SeniorInnen basierend auf ihrer Lebenserfahrung, finanziellen Sicherheit oder einer geringeren Ver{\"a}nderung des Lebensalltags liegen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RodriguesWeissMusseletal.2022,
  author    = {Rodrigues, Johannes and Weiß, Martin and Mussel, Patrick and Hewig, Johannes},
  title     = {On second thought … the influence of a second stage in the ultimatum game on decision behavior, electro-cortical correlates and their trait interrelation},
  series = {Psychophysiology},
  volume    = {59},
  journal   = {Psychophysiology},
  number    = {7},
  doi       = {10.1111/psyp.14023},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318983},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Previous EEG research only investigated one stage ultimatum games (UGs). We investigated the influence of a second bargaining stage in an UG concerning behavioral responses, electro-cortical correlates and their moderations by the traits altruism, anger, anxiety, and greed in 92 participants. We found that an additional stage led to more rejection in the 2-stage UG (2SUG) and that increasing offers in the second stage compared to the first stage led to more acceptance. The FRN during a trial was linked to expectance evaluation concerning the fairness of the offers, while midfrontal theta was a marker for the needed cognitive control to overcome the respective default behavioral pattern. The FRN responses to unfair offers were more negative for either low or high altruism in the UG, while high trait anxiety led to more negative FRN responses in the first stage of 2SUG, indicating higher sensitivity to unfairness. Accordingly, the mean FRN response, representing the trait-like general electrocortical reactivity to unfairness, predicted rejection in the first stage of 2SUG. Additionally, we found that high trait anger led to more rejections for unfair offer in 2SUG in general, while trait altruism led to more rejection of unimproving unfair offers in the second stage of 2SUG. In contrast, trait anxiety led to more acceptance in the second stage of 2SUG, while trait greed even led to more acceptance if the offer was worse than in the stage before. These findings suggest, that 2SUG creates a trait activation situation compared to the UG.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaberstumpfForsterLeinweberetal.2022,
  author    = {Haberstumpf, Sophia and Forster, Andr{\´e} and Leinweber, Jonas and Rauskolb, Stefanie and Hewig, Johannes and Sendtner, Michael and Lauer, Martin and Polak, Thomas and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Herrmann, Martin J.},
  title     = {Measurement invariance testing of longitudinal neuropsychiatric test scores distinguishes pathological from normative cognitive decline and highlights its potential in early detection research},
  series = {Journal of Neuropsychology},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Journal of Neuropsychology},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/jnp.12269},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318932},
  pages     = {324 -- 352},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing challenge worldwide, which is why the search for early-onset predictors must be focused as soon as possible. Longitudinal studies that investigate courses of neuropsychological and other variables screen for such predictors correlated to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, one often neglected issue in analyses of such studies is measurement invariance (MI), which is often assumed but not tested for. This study uses the absence of MI (non-MI) and latent factor scores instead of composite variables to assess properties of cognitive domains, compensation mechanisms, and their predictability to establish a method for a more comprehensive understanding of pathological cognitive decline. Methods An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a set of increasingly restricted confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to find latent factors, compared them with the composite approach, and to test for longitudinal (partial-)MI in a neuropsychiatric test battery, consisting of 14 test variables. A total of 330 elderly (mean age: 73.78 ± 1.52 years at baseline) were analyzed two times (3 years apart). Results EFA revealed a four-factor model representing declarative memory, attention, working memory, and visual-spatial processing. Based on CFA, an accurate model was estimated across both measurement timepoints. Partial non-MI was found for parameters such as loadings, test- and latent factor intercepts as well as latent factor variances. The latent factor approach was preferable to the composite approach. Conclusion The overall assessment of non-MI latent factors may pose a possible target for this field of research. Hence, the non-MI of variances indicated variables that are especially suited for the prediction of pathological cognitive decline, while non-MI of intercepts indicated general aging-related decline. As a result, the sole assessment of MI may help distinguish pathological from normative aging processes and additionally may reveal compensatory neuropsychological mechanisms.},
  language  = {en}
}