@article{WinklerVielkindSchartl1991,
  author    = {Winkler, Christoph and Vielkind, J{\"u}rgen R. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Transient expression of foreign DNA during embryonic and larval development of the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61743},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Species of small fish are becoming useful tools for studies on vertebrate development. Wehave investigated the developing embryo of the Japanese medaka for its application as a transient expression system for the in vivo analysis of gene regulation and function. The temporaland spatial expression patterns ofbacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and galactosidase reporter genes injected in supercoiled plasmid form into the cytoplasm of one cell of the two-cell stage embryo was promoter-specific. The transient expression was found to be mosaic within the tissue and organs reflecting the unequal distribution of extrachromosomal foreign DNA and the intensive cell mixing movements that occur in fish embryogenesis. The expression data are consistent with data on DNA fate. Foreign DNA persisted during embryogenesis and was still detectable in some 3- and 9-month-old adult fish; it was found in high molecular weight form as weil as in circular plasmid conformations. The DNA was replicated during early and late embryogenesis. Our data indicate that the developing medaka embryo is a powerful in vivo assay system for studies of gene regulation and function.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WinklerHongWittbrodtetal.1992,
  author    = {Winkler, Christoph and Hong, Yunhan and Wittbrodt, Joachim and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Analysis of heterologous and homologous promoters and enhancers in vitro and in vivo by gene transfer into Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86796},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Efficient expression systems are required for analysis of gene regulation and function in teleost fish. To develop such systems, a nurober of inducible or constitutive promoter and enhancer sequences of fish or higher vertebrate origin were tested for activity in a variety of fish celllines andin embryos of the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) and Xiphophorus. The activity of the different promoterenhancer combinations were quantitated. Considerable differences were found for some constructs if tested in vitro or in vivo. From the data obtained, a set of expression vectors for basic research as weH as for aquaculture purposes were established.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Winkler2015,
  author    = {Winkler, Ann-Cathrin Nicole},
  title     = {Identification of human host cell factors involved in \(Staphylococcus\) \(aureus\) 6850 infection},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114300},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Staphylococcus aureus is both a human commensal and a pathogen. 20\%-30\% of all individuals are permanently or occasionally carriers of S. aureus without any symptoms. In contrast to this, S. aureus can cause life-threatening diseases e.g. endocarditis, osteomyelitis or sepsis. Here, the increase in antibiotic resistances makes it more and more difficult to treat these infections and hence the number of fatalities rises constantly. Since the pharmaceutical industry has no fundamentally new antibiotics in their pipeline, it is essential to better understand the interplay between S. aureus and the human host cell in order to find new, innovative treatment options. In this study, a RNA interference based whole genome pool screen was performed to identify human proteins, which play a role during S. aureus infections. Since 1,600 invasion and 2,271 cell death linked factors were enriched at least 2 fold, the big challenge was to filter out the important ones. Here, a STRING pathway analysis proved to be the best option. Subsequently, the identified hits were validated with the help of inhibitors and a second, individualised small interfering RNA-based screen. In the course of this work two important steps were identified, that are critical for host cell death: the first is bacterial invasion, the second phagosomal escape. The second step is obligatory for intracellular bacterial replication and subsequent host cell death. Invasion in turn is determining for all following events. Accordingly, the effect of the identified factors towards these two crucial steps was determined. Under screening conditions, escape was indirectly measured via intracellular replication. Three inhibitors (JNKII, Methyl-beta-cyclodeytrin, 9-Phenantrol) could be identified for the invasion process. In addition, siRNAs targeted against 16 different genes (including CAPN2, CAPN4 and PIK3CG), could significantly reduce bacterial invasion. Seven siRNAs (FPR2, CAPN4, JUN, LYN, HRAS, AKT1, ITGAM) were able to inhibit intracellular replication significantly. Further studies showed that the IP3 receptor inhibitor 2-APB, the calpain inhibitor calpeptin and the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 are able to prevent phagosomal escape and as a consequence intracellular replication and host cell death. In this context the role of calpains, calcium, the proteasome and the mitochondrial membrane potential was further investigated in cell culture. Here, an antagonistic behaviour of calpain 1 and 2 during bacterial invasion was observed. Intracellular calcium signalling plays a major role, since its inhibition protects host cells from death. Beside this, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is characteristic for S. aureus infection but not responsible for host cell death. The reduction of membrane potential can be significantly diminished by the inhibition of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. All together, this work shows that human host cells massively contribute to different steps in S. aureus infection rather than being simply killed by bacterial pore-forming toxins. Various individual host cell factors were identified, which contribute either to invasion or to phagosomal escape and therefore to S. aureus induced cytotoxicity. Finally, several inhibitors of S. aureus infection were identified. One of them, 2-APB, was already tested in a sepsis mouse model and reduced bacterial load of kidneys. Thus, this study shows valuable evidence for novel treatment options against S. aureus infections, based on the manipulation of host cell signalling cascades.},
  subject      = {Staphylococcus aureus},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Winkel2009,
  author    = {Winkel, Karoline},
  title     = {Synaptonemalkomplexprotein SYCP1: Bindungspartner, Polymerisationseigenschaften und evolution{\"a}re Aspekte},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43955},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Synaptonemal Komplexe (SC) sind evolution{\"a}r konservierte, meiosespezifische, protein{\"o}se Strukturen, die maßgeblich an Synapsis, Rekombination und Segregation der homologen Chromosomen beteiligt sind. Sie zeigen eine dreigliedrige strickleiter-artige Organisation, die sich aus i) zwei Lateralelementen (LE), an die das Chromatin der Homologen angelagert ist, ii) zahlreichen Transversalfilamenten (TF), welche die LE in einer reißverschlussartigen Weise miteinander verkn{\"u}pfen, und iii) einem zentralen Element (CE) zusammensetzt. Die Hauptproteinkomponenten der S{\"a}uger-SC sind das Transversalfilamentprotein SYCP1 und die Lateralelementproteine SYCP2 und SYCP3. Wie sich die SC-Struktur zusammenf{\"u}gt war bisher nur wenig verstanden; es war nicht bekannt wie die TF innerhalb der LE-Strukturen verankert sind und dabei die homologen Chromosomen verkn{\"u}pfen. Aufgrund dessen wurde die Interaktion zwischen den Proteinen SYCP1 und SYCP2 untersucht. Mit der Hilfe verschiedenster Interaktionssysteme konnte gezeigt werden, dass der C-Terminus von SYCP1 mit SYCP2 interagieren kann. Aufgrund der Bindungsf{\"a}higkeit zu beiden Proteinen, SYCP1 und SYCP3, kann angenommen werden, dass SYCP2 als Linker zwischen diesen Proteinen fungiert und somit m{\"o}glicherweise das fehlende Bindungsglied zwischen den Lateralelementen und Transversalfilamenten darstellt. Obwohl die SC-Struktur in der Evolution hochkonserviert ist, schien dies nicht f{\"u}r seine Protein-Untereinheiten zuzutreffen. Um die Struktur und Funktion des SC besser verstehen zu k{\"o}nnen, wurde ein Vergleich zwischen den orthologen SYCP1 Proteinen der evolution{\"a}r entfernten Spezies Ratte und Medaka erstellt. Abgesehen von den erheblichen Sequenzunterschieden die sich in 450 Millionen Jahren der Evolution angeh{\"a}uft haben, traten zwei bisher nicht identifizierte Sequenzmotive hervor, CM1 und CM2, die hochgradig konserviert sind. Anhand dieser Motive konnte in Datenbankanalysen erstmals ein Protein in Hydra vulgaris nachgewiesen werden, bei dem es sich um das orthologe Protein von SYCP1 handeln k{\"o}nnte. Im Vergleich mit dem SYCP1 der Ratte zeigten die Proteine aus Medaka und Hydra, neben den hoch konservierten CM1 und CM2, vergleichbare Dom{\"a}nenorganisationen und im heterologen System zudem sehr {\"a}hnliche Polymerisationseigenschaften. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen f{\"u}r eine evolution{\"a}re Konservierung von SYCP1.},
  subject      = {Meiose},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Willmes2013,
  author    = {Willmes, Christoph},
  title     = {Therapie kutaner Tumoren : Identifizierung molekularer Biomarker der ex vivo Chemosensitivit{\"a}t des malignen Melanoms und Evaluierung der Wirkungsweise von Interferonen und Artemisininen auf das Merkelzellkarzinom},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83470},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {F{\"u}r Patienten mit malignem Melanom im Stadium der Fernmetastasierung gibt es bis heute lediglich Therapieoptionen mit sehr eingeschr{\"a}nkten Erfolgsaussichten. Diese Tatsache best{\"a}tigt die Notwendigkeit von Biomarkern zur Vorhersage des Erfolgs verschiedener Therapien. Der ATP-basierende ex vivo Chemosensitivit{\"a}tsassay hat sich als erfolgreiche Methode zur individuellen Vorhersage eines Chemotherapieerfolgs herausgestellt. Tats{\"a}chlich zeigte der Assay ein heterogenes Sensitivit{\"a}tsprofil gegen verschiedene Chemotherapeutika und ließ in getesteten Patienten ein ex vivo wirksames Chemotherapieregime identifizieren, das anschließend auch klinische Therapieerfolge bei Verwendung der Therapie mit dem besten individuellen Chemosensitivit{\"a}tsindex(BICSI) zeigte. Um diesen sehr aufwendigen Assay zuk{\"u}nftig zu umgehen, sollten in der vorliegenden Arbeit pr{\"a}diktive molekulare Biomarker der Chemosensitivit{\"a}t identifiziert werden. Hierf{\"u}r wurden im Voraus durch einen Microarray die Kandidaten Secernin 1 (SCRN1), Lysyl oxidaselike 1 (LOXL1), Thymosin beta 4 X-linked (TMSB4X), Vesicle-associated membrane protein 5 (VAMP5) und Serine protease inhibitor B1 (SERPINB1) als differentiell exprimierte Gene in chemosensitivem gegen{\"u}ber chemoresistentem Gewebe identifiziert. Die relative Expression dieser Kandidatengene wurde daraufhin in bis zu 128 verschiedenen Melanomgeweben mit dem Chemosensitivit{\"a}tsindex verschiedener Chemotherapeutika korreliert. Hierbei konnte eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen SerpinB1 mit der Chemosensitivit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber der Therapiekombination mit Paclitaxel und Cisplatin auf Gen- aber nicht auf Proteinebene identifiziert werden. Weiterhin konnte eine differentielle Expression ebenfalls in chemosensitiven und -resistenten Melanomzelllinien nachgewiesen werden, die allerdings im Vergleich mit dem analysierten Gewebe in gegens{\"a}tzlicher Richtung verlief. Zusammenfassend l{\"a}sst sich sagen, dass SerpinB1 ein vielversprechender Marker f{\"u}r die Chemosensitivit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber Paclitaxel und Cisplatin ist, dessen funktionelle Bedeutung aber unklar bleibt. Das Merkelzellkarzinom (MCC) ist ein seltener und hoch aggressiver Tumor der mit dem Merkelzellpolyomavirus (MCV) in Zusammenhang steht. Da MCC Zelllinien zur Aufrechterhaltung ihrer Viabilit{\"a}t die MCV T-Antigene ben{\"o}tigen, k{\"o}nnte der Einsatz von Interferonen (IFN) ein m{\"o}glicher therapeutischer Ansatz zur Behandlung dieser Krebserkrankung sein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit haben wir daher die Effekte von IFNs auf MCC Zelllinien, mit besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der MCV+ Linien, untersucht. IFNs vom Typ I (hier Multiferon, ein Mix verschiedener IFN α Subtypen, und IFN β) wirkten stark inhibierend auf die zellul{\"a}re Viabilit{\"a}t. Die Zellzyklusanalyse zeigte eine Erh{\"o}hung des sub-G Anteils der Zellen nach Behandlung mit IFN, was auf Apoptose als ausschlagebenden Grund schließen ließ. Diese Effekte waren f{\"u}r die Behandlung mit IFN β weniger stark ausgepr{\"a}gt. Der inhibitorische Effekt von Typ I IFNs auf MCV+ MCC Zelllinien war assoziiert mit einer verringerten Expression des viralen großen T-Antigens (LTA) und einer Erh{\"o}hung in der Expression von promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), das daf{\"u}r bekannt ist, die Funktion des LTA st{\"o}rend zu beeinflussen. Zus{\"a}tzlich f{\"u}hrte die intratumorale Anwendung von Multiferon in vivo zu einer Regression im Wachstum von MCV+, aber nicht MCV- MCC Xenotransplantaten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen das Typ I IFNs einen starken antitumoralen Effekt haben, der zum Teil durch die Regulierung des LTA herbeigef{\"u}hrt wird. Neben diesen direkten Effekten der IFNs auf die Zellproliferation induzieren diese auch die Expression von MHC Klasse I Molek{\"u}len in MCC Zelllinien. Die Durchflusszytometrie zeigte eine Induktion der MHC Klasse I Expression in drei MHC I negativen MCC Zelllinien und eine Erh{\"o}hung der Expression, die vor der Behandlung eine geringe Menge an MHC I aufwiesen. Diese Effekte konnten auch in den in vivo Xenotransplantaten beobachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Behandlung mit IFN sowohl direkte als auch indirekte Effekte auf das MCC hat und eine breite Anwendung in Patienten mit MCV+ und MCV- Tumoren finden kann. Neben IFNs sind auch Artemisinin und seine Derivate bekannt f{\"u}r ihre antitumoralen und antiviralen Eigenschaften. Daher haben wir den Effekt des Artemisininderivats Artesunate auf MCV+ und MCV- MCC Zelllinien getestet. Tats{\"a}chlich konnten wir auch hier einen antiproliferativen Effekt des Stoffes nachweisen, der st{\"a}rker auf MCV+ als auf MCV- Zelllinien wirkte und bei ersteren wiederum mit einer reduzierten LTA Expression einherging. Im Vergleich dazu blieben Fibroblasten von der Behandlung unbeeinflusst. Das verringerte Tumorwachstum konnte ebenfalls f{\"u}r in vivo Xenotransplantationsmodelle gezeigt werden. Auf Grundlage dieser Erkenntnis sollte eine genauere Untersuchung dieses alten Naturheilstoffes f{\"u}r die Behandlung von MCC Patienten in Betracht gezogen werden.},
  subject      = {Interferon},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Williams2005,
  author    = {Williams, Tatjana},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Rolle des Phosphoproteins Stathmin in Listeria monocytogenes-infizierten S{\"a}ugerzellen und Molekulare Charakterisierung der listeriellen Zweikomponetensysteme},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-15388},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Das fakultativ intrazellul{\"a}re Bakterium Listeria monocytogenes besitzt die F{\"a}higkeit, eukaryotische Wirtszellen zu penetrieren, sich in diesen zu vermehren, fortzubewegen und zwischen den Zellen auszubreiten. Im Zuge des intrazellul{\"a}ren Lebenszyklus gehen Listerien Wechselwirkungen mit ver-schiedenen zellul{\"a}ren Proteinen ein. Als eines dieser Proteine konnte das zellul{\"a}re Phosphoprotein Stathmin identifiziert werden. Dieses Protein bindet an Untereinheiten des Tubulins und destabilisiert dadurch Mikrotubuli (MT). Es wird durch Phosphorylierung von vier spezifischen Serinresten in seiner MT-destabilisierenden Aktivit{\"a}t reguliert. Da Stathmin als Antwort auf externe Signale zellul{\"a}re Funktionen, z. B. Zell-Proliferation und Differenzierung reguliert, vermutet man seine Funktion in einer Art Relais welches verschiedene Signale aus dem Umfeld der Zelle integriert. In mit L. monocytogenes infizierten Wirtszellen wird Stathmin an die Oberfl{\"a}che intrazellul{\"a}rer Bakterien rekrutiert. Inwiefern diese Rekrutierung das Phosphorylierungsmuster von Stathmin und damit dessen Aktivit{\"a}t beeinflusst, konnte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht gekl{\"a}rt werden. Stathmin knock-out M{\"a}use sollten sich gut eignen, um die Rolle von Stathmin w{\"a}hrend einer Infektion mit L. monocytogenes EGD in vitro und in vivo zu untersuchen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass in Stathmin(-/-)-Makrophagen der intrazellul{\"a}re Lebenszyklus der Listerien nicht signifikant beeinflusst ist. Nach intraven{\"o}ser Verabreichung von 5x103 L. monocytogenes waren drei Tage nach der Infektion in Leber und Milz der knock-out M{\"a}use allerdings signifikant mehr Listerien nachzuweisen, als in den Organen wildtypischer M{\"a}use. Mittels Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie und einem anti-Stathmin-Antiersum konnte an mit verschiedenen L. monocytogenes-Mutanten infizierten Zellen gezeigt werden, dass Stathmin mit der Oberfl{\"a}che intrazellul{\"a}rer Listerien kolokalisiert. Allerdings konnten dabei die Angaben in der Literatur nicht best{\"a}tigt werden, wonach f{\"u}r diese Kolokalisation die Expression von ActA notwendig ist. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit sprechen im Gegensatz zu den publizierten Daten daf{\"u}r, dass Stathmin {\"u}ber einen bisher noch unbekannten Mechanismus ActA-unabh{\"a}ngig an intrazellul{\"a}re Listerien rekrutiert wird. Zweikomponentensysteme erm{\"o}glichen Bakterien eine rasche Anpassung an sich ver{\"a}ndernde Umweltbedingungen, da sie extra- und intrazellul{\"a}re Stimuli in zellul{\"a}re Signale umwandeln. Um die 16 in der Genomsequenz von L. mono-cytogenes EGDe identifizierten Zweikomponentensysteme charakterisieren zu k{\"o}nnen, wurden individuelle Mutanten konstruiert, in denen individuelle Response Regulatorgene deletiert sind. Die erhaltenen Mutanten wurden in vitro und in vivo auf ihr Wachstumsverhalten hin untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass unter den angewandten Kultur- und Versuchsbedingungen keines der Zweikomponentensysteme eine signifikante Rolle bei der Anpassung an Temperatur, sowie an oxidativen oder osmotischen Stress spielt. Die Zugabe von 5 \% Ethanol hatte einen stark hemmenden Effekt auf das Wachstum von 4 Mutanten, wohingegen zwei andere Mutanten in Gegenwart des Alkohols deutlich besser wuchsen. Unter anaeroben Bedingungen konnte kein Unterschied im Wachstum beobachtet werden. Die Expression wichtiger Virulenzgene war in keiner der untersuchten Mutanten im Vergleich zum Ausgangsstamm ver{\"a}ndert. Die intrazellul{\"a}re Replikation sowie intrazellul{\"a}re Bewegung und Ausbreitung im Zellrasen waren durch die Deletion der Response Regulatorgene nicht beeintr{\"a}chtigt. Abgesehen von geringen Unterschieden in der Invasivit{\"a}t einiger Deletionsmutanten f{\"u}r Cos-1 und Caco-2 Zellen zeigte sich keiner der Response Regulatoren f{\"u}r den intrazellul{\"a}ren Lebenszyklus von L. monocytogenes erforderlich. Es zeigte sich, dass der in der vorliegenden Arbeit verwendete L. monocyto-genes-Wildstamm auch bei der f{\"u}r die Flagellenexpression normalerweise nicht-permissiven Temperatur von 37° C noch beweglich ist. Die L. monocytogenes \&\#916;degU-Mutante war dagegen auf Weichagar temperaturunabh{\"a}ngig unbeweglich. Die elektronenmikroskopische Analyse ergab, dass dieser Stamm im Gegensatz zum Wildtyp auch bei 24° C keine Flagellen ausbildet. Durch vergleichende Proteomanalysen konnte gezeigt werden, dass L. monocytogenes \&\#916;degU bei 24° C wesentliche Proteine des Flagellenapparates nicht synthetisiert. Mittels Transkriptomanalysen konnten die Ergebnisse der Proteomanalysen best{\"a}tigt werden. Es wurden neben Genen, die f{\"u}r Proteine der Flagellenbiosynthese und Chemotaxis codieren, noch weitere Gene identifiziert, die offensichtlich unter der transkriptionellen Kontrolle des Response Regulators DegU stehen. Die Ergebnisse der in vivo Studien zeigten, dass L. monocytogenes \&\#916;degU deutlich virulenzattenuiert ist. F{\"u}r die restlichen L. monocytogenes \&\#916;TCS-Mutanten waren im Vergleich zum Wildtyp die Unterschiede in Leber und Milz nur leicht ver{\"a}ndert und statistisch nicht signifikant.},
  subject      = {Phosphoproteine},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WilliamsChagtaiAlcaideGermanetal.2015,
  author    = {Williams, Richard D. and Chagtai, Tasnim and Alcaide-German, Marisa and Apps, John and Wegert, Jenny and Popov, Sergey and Vujanic, Gordan and Van Tinteren, Harm and Van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Marry M and Kool, Marcel and De Kraker, Jan and Gisselsson, David and Graf, Norbert and Gessler, Manfred and Pritchard-Jones, Kathy},
  title     = {Multiple mechanisms of MYCN dysregulation in Wilms tumour},
  series = {Oncotarget},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Oncotarget},
  number    = {9},
  doi       = {10.18632/oncotarget.3377},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143471},
  pages     = {7232-7243},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Genomic gain of the proto-oncogene transcription factor gene MYCN is associated with poor prognosis in several childhood cancers. Here we present a comprehensive copy number analysis of MYCN in Wilms tumour (WT), demonstrating that gain of this gene is associated with anaplasia and with poorer relapse-free and overall survival, independent of histology. Using whole exome and gene-specific sequencing, together with methylation and expression profiling, we show that MYCN is targeted by other mechanisms, including a recurrent somatic mutation, P44L, and specific DNA hypomethylation events associated with MYCN overexpression in tumours with high risk histologies. We describe parallel evolution of genomic copy number gain and point mutation of MYCN in the contralateral tumours of a remarkable bilateral case in which independent contralateral mutations of TP53 also evolve over time. We report a second bilateral case in which MYCN gain is a germline aberration. Our results suggest a significant role for MYCN dysregulation in the molecular biology of Wilms tumour. We conclude that MYCN gain is prognostically significant, and suggest that the novel P44L somatic variant is likely to be an activating mutation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WilkenKossnerSenecaletal.1993,
  author    = {Wilken, Norbert and Kossner, Ursula and Sen{\´e}cal, Jean-Luc and Scheer, Ulrich and Dabauvalle, Marie-Christine},
  title     = {Nup180, a novel nuclear pore complex protein localizing to the cytoplasmic ring and associated fibrils},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32049},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wilde2019,
  author    = {Wilde, Sabrina},
  title     = {Einsatz von mechanistischen Biomarkern zur Charakterisierung und Bewertung von \(in\) \(vitro\) Genotoxinen},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18278},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182782},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Die verf{\"u}gbaren in vitro Genotoxizit{\"a}tstests weisen hinsichtlich ihrer Spezifit{\"a}t und ihres Informationsgehalts zum vorliegenden Wirkmechanismus (Mode of Action, MoA) Einschr{\"a}nkungen auf. Um diese M{\"a}ngel zu {\"u}berwinden, wurden in dieser Arbeit zwei Ziele verfolgt, die zu der Entwicklung und Etablierung neuer in vitro Methoden zur Pr{\"u}fung auf Genotoxizit{\"a}t in der Arzneimittelentwicklung beitragen. 1. Etablierung und Bewertung einer neuen in vitro Genotoxizit{\"a}tsmethode (MultiFlow Methode) Die MultiFlow Methode basiert auf DNA-schadensassoziierten Proteinantworten von γH2AX (DNA-Doppelstrangbr{\"u}che), phosphorylierten H3 (S10) (mitotische Zellen), nukle{\"a}ren Protein p53 (Genotoxizit{\"a}t) und cleaved PARP1 (Apoptose) in TK6-Zellen. Insgesamt wurden 31 Modellsubstanzen mit dem MultiFlow Assay und erg{\"a}nzend mit dem etablierten Mikrokerntest (MicroFlow MNT), auf ihre F{\"a}higkeit verschiedene MoA-Gruppen (Aneugene/Klastogene/Nicht-Genotoxine) zu differenzieren, untersucht. Die Performance der „neuen" gegen{\"u}ber der „alten" Methode f{\"u}hrte zu einer verbesserten Sensitivit{\"a}t von 95\% gegen{\"u}ber 90\%, Spezifit{\"a}t von 90\% gegen{\"u}ber 72\% und einer MoA-Klassifizierungsrate von 85\% gegen{\"u}ber 45\% (Aneugen vs. Klastogen). 2. Identifizierung mechanistischer Biomarker zur Klassifizierung genotoxischer Substanzen Die Analyse 67 ausgew{\"a}hlter DNA-schadensassoziierter Gene in der QuantiGene Plex Methode zeigte, dass mehrere Gene gleichzeitig zur MoA-Klassifizierung beitragen k{\"o}nnen. Die Kombination der h{\"o}chstrangierten Marker BIK, KIF20A, TP53I3, DDB2 und OGG1 erm{\"o}glichte die beste Identifizierungsrate der Modellsubstanzen. Das synergetische Modell kategorisierte 16 von 16 Substanzen korrekt in Aneugene, Klastogene und Nicht-Genotoxine. Unter Verwendung der Leave-One-Out-Kreuzvalidierung wurde das Modell evaluiert und erreichte eine Sensitivit{\"a}t, Spezifit{\"a}t und Pr{\"a}diktivit{\"a}t von 86\%, 83\% und 85\%. Ergebnisse der traditionellen qPCR Methode zeigten, dass Genotoxizit{\"a}t mit TP53I3, Klastogenit{\"a}t mit ATR und RAD17 und oxidativer Stress mit NFE2L2 detektiert werden kann. Durch die Untersuchungen von posttranslationalen Modifikationen unter Verwendung der High-Content-Imaging-Technologie wurden mechanistische Assoziationen f{\"u}r BubR1 (S670) und pH3 (S28) mit Aneugenit{\"a}t, 53BP1 (S1778) und FANCD2 (S1404) mit Klastogenit{\"a}t, p53 (K373) mit Genotoxizit{\"a}t und Nrf2 (S40) mit oxidativem Stress identifiziert. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass (Geno)toxine unterschiedliche Gen- und Proteinver{\"a}nderungen in TK6-Zellen induzieren, die zur Erfassung mechanistischer Aktivit{\"a}ten und Einteilung (geno)toxischer MoA-Gruppen (Aneugen/Klastogen/ Reaktive Sauerstoffspezies) eingesetzt werden k{\"o}nnen und daher eine bessere Risikobewertung von Wirkstoffkandidaten erm{\"o}glichen.},
  subject      = {Genotoxizit{\"a}t},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Wietek2001,
  author    = {Wietek, Irina},
  title     = {Human Interleukin-4 binding protein epitope involved in high-affinity binding of interleukin-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-3190},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Mensch},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wiese2015,
  author    = {Wiese, Katrin Evelyn},
  title     = {Sensing supraphysiological levels of MYC : mechanisms of MIZ1-dependent MYC-induced Apoptosis in Mammary Epithelial Cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132532},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Deregulated MYC expression contributes to cellular transformation as well as progression and maintenance of human tumours. Interestingly, in the absence of additional genetic alterations, potentially oncogenic levels of MYC sensitise cells to a variety of apoptotic stimuli. Hence, MYC-induced apoptosis has long been recognised as a major barrier against cancer development. However, it is largely unknown how cells discriminate physiological from supraphysiological levels of MYC in order to execute an appropriate biological response. The experiments described in this thesis demonstrate that induction of apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells depends on the repressive actions of MYC/MIZ1 complexes. Analysis of gene expression profiles and ChIP-sequencing experiments reveals that high levels of MYC are required to invade low-affinity binding sites and repress target genes of the serum response factor SRF. These genes are involved in cytoskeletal dynamics as well as cell adhesion processes and are likely needed to transmit survival signals to the AKT kinase. Restoration of SRF activity rescues MIZ1- dependent gene repression and increases AKT phosphorylation and downstream function. Collectively, these results indicate that association with MIZ1 leads to an expansion of MYC's transcriptional response that allows sensing of oncogenic levels, which points towards a tumour-suppressive role for the MYC/MIZ1 complex in epithelial cells.},
  subject      = {Myc},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WiegeringPfannUtheetal.2013,
  author    = {Wiegering, Armin and Pfann, Christina and Uthe, Friedrich Wilhelm and Otto, Christoph and Rycak, Lukas and M{\"a}der, Uwe and Gasser, Martin and Waaga-Gasser, Anna-Maria and Eilers, Martin and Germer, Christoph-Thomas},
  title     = {CIP2A Influences Survival in Colon Cancer and Is Critical for Maintaining Myc Expression},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0075292},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-97252},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is an oncogenic factor that stabilises the c-Myc protein. CIP2A is overexpressed in several tumours, and expression levels are an independent marker for long-term outcome. To determine whether CIP2A expression is elevated in colon cancer and whether it might serve as a prognostic marker for survival, we analysed CIP2A mRNA expression by real-time PCR in 104 colon cancer samples. CIP2A mRNA was overexpressed in colon cancer samples and CIP2A expression levels correlated significantly with tumour stage. We found that CIP2A serves as an independent prognostic marker for disease-free and overall survival. Further, we investigated CIP2A-dependent effects on levels of c-Myc, Akt and on cell proliferation in three colon cancer cell lines by silencing CIP2A using small interfering (si) and short hairpin (sh) RNAs. Depletion of CIP2A substantially inhibited growth of colon cell lines and reduced c-Myc levels without affecting expression or function of the upstream regulatory kinase, Akt. Expression of CIP2A was found to be dependent on MAPK activity, linking elevated c-Myc expression to deregulated signal transduction in colon cancer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WiegeringMatthesMuehlingetal.2017,
  author    = {Wiegering, Armin and Matthes, Niels and M{\"u}hling, Bettina and Koospal, Monika and Quenzer, Anne and Peter, Stephanie and Germer, Christoph-Thomas and Linnebacher, Michael and Otto, Christoph},
  title     = {Reactivating p53 and Inducing Tumor Apoptosis (RITA) Enhances the Response of RITA-Sensitive Colorectal Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin},
  series = {Neoplasia},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Neoplasia},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neo.2017.01.007},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171067},
  pages     = {301-309},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract with frequently dysregulated intracellular signaling pathways, including p53 signaling. The mainstay of chemotherapy treatment of CRC is 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin. The two anticancer drugs mediate their therapeutic effect via DNA damage-triggered signaling. The small molecule reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis (RITA) is described as an activator of wild-type and reactivator of mutant p53 function, resulting in elevated levels of p53 protein, cell growth arrest, and cell death. Additionally, it has been shown that RITA can induce DNA damage signaling. It is expected that the therapeutic benefits of 5FU and oxaliplatin can be increased by enhancing DNA damage signaling pathways. Therefore, we highlighted the antiproliferative response of RITA alone and in combination with 5FU or oxaliplatin in human CRC cells. A panel of long-term established CRC cell lines (n = 9) including p53 wild-type, p53 mutant, and p53 null and primary patient-derived, low-passage cell lines (n = 5) with different p53 protein status were used for this study. A substantial number of CRC cells with pronounced sensitivity to RITA (IC\(_{50}\)< 3.0 μmol/l) were identified within established (4/9) and primary patient-derived (2/5) CRC cell lines harboring wild-type or mutant p53 protein. Sensitivity to RITA appeared independent of p53 status and was associated with an increase in antiproliferative response to 5FU and oxaliplatin, a transcriptional increase of p53 targets p21 and NOXA, and a decrease in MYC mRNA. The effect of RITA as an inducer of DNA damage was shown by a strong elevation of phosphorylated histone variant H2A.X, which was restricted to RITA-sensitive cells. Our data underline the primary effect of RITA, inducing DNA damage, and demonstrate the differential antiproliferative effect of RITA to CRC cells independent of p53 protein status. We found a substantial number of RITA-sensitive CRC cells within both panels of established CRC cell lines and primary patient-derived CRC cell lines (6/14) that provide a rationale for combining RITA with 5FU or oxaliplatin to enhance the antiproliferative response to both chemotherapeutic agents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WiegeringKorbThalheimeretal.2014,
  author    = {Wiegering, Armin and Korb, Doreen and Thalheimer, Andreas and K{\"a}mmerer, Ulrike and Allmanritter, Jan and Matthes, Niels and Linnebacher, Michael and Schlegel, Nicolas and Klein, Ingo and Erg{\"u}n, S{\"u}leyman and Germer, Christoph-Thomas and Otto, Christoph},
  title     = {E7080 (Lenvatinib), a Multi-Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Demonstrates Antitumor Activities Against Colorectal Cancer Xenografts},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neo.2014.09.008},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111165},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Clinical prognosis of metastasized colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is still not at desired levels and novel drugs are needed. Here, we focused on the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor E7080 (Lenvatinib) and assessed its therapeutic efficacy against human CRC cell lines in vitro and human CRC xenografts in vivo. The effect of E7080 on cell viability was examined on 10 humanCRCcell lines and humanendothelial cells (HUVEC). The inhibitory effect of E7080 on VEGF-induced angiogenesis was studied in an ex vivo mouse aortic ring angiogenesis assay. In addition, the efficacy of E7080 against xenografts derived fromCRC cell lines and CRC patient resection specimenswithmutated KRASwas investigated in vivo. Arelatively low cytotoxic effect of E7080 on CRC cell viabilitywas observed in vitro. Endothelial cells (HUVEC)weremore susceptible to the incubation with E7080. This is in line with the observation that E7080 demonstrated an anti-angiogenic effect in a three-dimensional ex vivo mouse aortic ring angiogenesis assay. E7080 effectively disrupted CRC cell-mediated VEGF-stimulated growth of HUVEC in vitro. Daily in vivo treatment with E7080 (5 mg/kg) significantly delayed the growth of KRAS mutated CRC xenografts with decreased density of tumor-associated vessel formations and without tumor regression. This observation is in line with results that E7080 did not significantly reduce the number of Ki67-positive cells in CRC xenografts. The results suggest antiangiogenic activity of E7080 at a dosage thatwas well tolerated by nudemice. E7080 may provide therapeutic benefits in the treatment of CRC with mutated KRAS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WiegeringIsbertDietzetal.2014,
  author    = {Wiegering, Armin and Isbert, Christoph and Dietz, Ulrich A. and Kunzmann, Volker and Ackermann, Sabine and Kerscher, Alexander and Maeder, Uwe and Flentje, Michael and Schlegel, Nicolas and Reibetanz, Joachim and Germer, Christoph-Thomas and Klein, Ingo},
  title     = {Multimodal therapy in treatment of rectal cancer is associated with improved survival and reduced local recurrence - a retrospective analysis over two decades},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2407-14-816},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110606},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background The management of rectal cancer (RC) has substantially changed over the last decades with the implementation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, adjuvant therapy and improved surgery such as total mesorectal excision (TME). It remains unclear in which way these approaches overall influenced the rate of local recurrence and overall survival. Methods Clinical, histological and survival data of 658 out of 662 consecutive patients with RC were analyzed for treatment and prognostic factors from a prospectively expanded single-institutional database. Findings were then stratified according to time of diagnosis in patient groups treated between 1993 and 2001 and 2002 and 2010. Results The study population included 658 consecutive patients with rectal cancer between 1993 and 2010. Follow up data was available for 99.6\% of all 662 treated patients. During the time period between 2002 and 2010 significantly more patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (17.6\% vs. 60\%) and adjuvant chemotherapy (37.9\% vs. 58.4\%). Also, the rate of reported TME during surgery increased. The rate of local or distant metastasis decreased over time, and tumor related 5-year survival increased significantly with from 60\% to 79\%. Conclusion In our study population, the implementation of treatment changes over the last decade improved the patient's outcome significantly. Improvements were most evident for UICC stage III rectal cancer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WidmannArtingerBiesingeretal.2016,
  author    = {Widmann, Annekathrin and Artinger, Marc and Biesinger, Lukas and Boepple, Kathrin and Peters, Christina and Schlechter, Jana and Selcho, Mareike and Thum, Andreas S.},
  title     = {Genetic Dissection of Aversive Associative Olfactory Learning and Memory in Drosophila Larvae},
  series = {PLoS Genetics},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS Genetics},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1006378},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166672},
  pages     = {e1006378},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Memory formation is a highly complex and dynamic process. It consists of different phases, which depend on various neuronal and molecular mechanisms. In adult Drosophila it was shown that memory formation after aversive Pavlovian conditioning includes—besides other forms—a labile short-term component that consolidates within hours to a longer-lasting memory. Accordingly, memory formation requires the timely controlled action of different neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and molecules that were initially identified by classical forward genetic approaches. Compared to adult Drosophila, memory formation was only sporadically analyzed at its larval stage. Here we deconstruct the larval mnemonic organization after aversive olfactory conditioning. We show that after odor-high salt conditioning larvae form two parallel memory phases; a short lasting component that depends on cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and synapsin gene function. In addition, we show for the first time for Drosophila larvae an anesthesia resistant component, which relies on radish and bruchpilot gene function, protein kinase C activity, requires presynaptic output of mushroom body Kenyon cells and dopamine function. Given the numerical simplicity of the larval nervous system this work offers a unique prospect for studying memory formation of defined specifications, at full-brain scope with single-cell, and single-synapse resolution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WidderKelmReibetanzetal.2022,
  author    = {Widder, Anna and Kelm, Matthias and Reibetanz, Joachim and Wiegering, Armin and Matthes, Niels and Germer, Christoph-Thomas and Seyfried, Florian and Flemming, Sven},
  title     = {Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic left hemicolectomy — postoperative inflammation status, short-term outcome and cost effectiveness},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {17},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph191710606},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286203},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Robotic-assisted colon surgery may contain advantages over the laparoscopic approach, but clear evidence is sparse. This study aimed to analyze postoperative inflammation status, short-term outcome and cost-effectiveness of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. All consecutive patients who received minimal-invasive left hemicolectomy at the Department of Surgery I at the University Hospital of Wuerzburg in 2021 were prospectively included. Importantly, no patient selection for either procedure was carried out. The robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic approaches were compared head to head for postoperative short-term outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness. A total of 61 patients were included, with 26 patients having received a robotic-assisted approach. Baseline characteristics did not differ among the groups. Patients receiving a robotic-assisted approach had a significantly decreased length of hospital stay as well as lower rates of complications in comparison to patients who received laparoscopic surgery (n = 35). In addition, C-reactive protein as a marker of systemic stress response was significantly reduced postoperatively in patients who were operated on in a robotic-assisted manner. Consequently, robotic-assisted surgery could be performed in a cost-effective manner. Thus, robotic-assisted left hemicolectomy represents a safe and cost-effective procedure and might improve patient outcomes in comparison to laparoscopic surgery.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wicovsky2007,
  author    = {Wicovsky, Andreas},
  title     = {Die Rolle von TRAF1 und JNK bei der TNF-vermittelten Apoptose},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23689},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {TNF (Tumor Nekrose Faktor) vermittelt seine biologischen Funktionen durch Interaktionen mit TNFR1 (TNFRezeptor 1) und TNFR2 (TNFRezeptor 2). In fr{\"u}heren Arbeiten konnte gezeigt werden, dass der TNFR2 sowohl durch die Induktion von membrangebundenem TNF als auch durch die proteasomale Degradation von TRAF2 (TNFRezeptor-assozierter Faktor 2) die TNFR1-vermittelte Apoptose verst{\"a}rken kann. Des Weiteren war bekannt, dass TRAF1 (TNFRezeptor-assozierter Faktor 1), ein anderes Mitglied der TRAF-Familie, mit TRAF2 Heterotrimere bilden kann und zudem nach TNF-induzierter NFkappaB- (nuclear factor kappaB) Aktivierung verst{\"a}rkt exprimiert wird. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte nun erstmals gezeigt werden, dass TRAF1 in beide TNFR-Signalkomplexe rekrutiert wird und darin in einem TRAF2/TRAF1-Heterotrimer TRAF2 funktionell ersetzen kann. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus verhindert TRAF1 die Rekrutierung von TRAF2 in lipid rafts sowie dessen anschließende proteasomale Degradation. Auf diese Weise kann TRAF1 die TNFR2-abh{\"a}ngige Verst{\"a}rkung der TNFR1-induzierten Apoptose verhindern. Im zweiten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die TNF-vermittelte Aktivierung der JNK (c-Jun N-terminale Kinase), dessen Regulation durch ROS (reactive oxygen species), Caspasen (Cysteinyl-Aspartat-spezifische Proteasen) sowie NFkappaB-induzierte Faktoren untersucht. TNF induziert in den meisten Zellen zun{\"a}chst nach zehn bis 30 Minuten eine transiente JNK-Aktivierung, woraufhin bei NFkB-inhibierten Zellen eine zweite andauernde JNK-Aktivierung folgt. Die meisten in der Literatur beschriebenen Studien gehen dabei von einem ROS-abh{\"a}ngigen, Caspase-unabh{\"a}ngigen Mechanismus der persistierenden JNK-Aktivierung aus. Des Weiteren wurde in den vor allem bei embryonale Mausfibroblasten durchgef{\"u}hrten Untersuchungen davon ausgegangen, dass bestimmte NFkappaB-induzierte Radikalf{\"a}nger die andauernde Aktivierung der JNK verhindern. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass in den humanen Zelllinien KB, Jurkat und HaCaT die andauernde Aktivierung der JNK, im Gegensatz zur transienten JNK-Aktivierung, Caspase-abh{\"a}ngig verl{\"a}uft. Es ergab sich {\"u}berdies, dass die inhibierende Wirkung des NFkB-Signalweges auf die persistierende JNK-Aktivierung in diesen Zelllinien in erster Linie auf die indirekte Verhinderung der Apoptose durch die Induktion von antiapoptotischen Proteinen wie Flip-L (FLICE-inhibitory protein long) und IAPs (inhibitor of apoptosis) zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist, als auf die direkte Expression von Radikalf{\"a}ngern. Zudem wurde in den untersuchten Zelllinien die Caspase-vermittelte Spaltung von MEKK-1 (MAP/ERK kinase kinase-1) und p21WAF/Cip 1 nachgewiesen, von denen bekannt ist, dass die Spaltprodukte eine JNK-stimulierende Wirkung haben. Dennoch m{\"u}ssen k{\"u}nftige Studien zeigen, ob die Spaltung von p21WAF/Cip 1 und MEKK-1 in Fragmente mit JNK-stimulierender Aktivit{\"a}t oder andere Caspasesubstrate f{\"u}r die Caspase-vermittelte andauernde Aktivierung der JNK verantwortlich sind.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WhisnantJuergesHennigetal.2020,
  author    = {Whisnant, Adam W. and J{\"u}rges, Christopher S. and Hennig, Thomas and Wyler, Emanuel and Prusty, Bhupesh and Rutkowski, Andrzej J. and L'hernault, Anne and Djakovic, Lara and G{\"o}bel, Margarete and D{\"o}ring, Kristina and Menegatti, Jennifer and Antrobus, Robin and Matheson, Nicholas J. and K{\"u}nzig, Florian W. H. and Mastrobuoni, Guido and Bielow, Chris and Kempa, Stefan and Liang, Chunguang and Dandekar, Thomas and Zimmer, Ralf and Landthaler, Markus and Gr{\"a}sser, Friedrich and Lehner, Paul J. and Friedel, Caroline C. and Erhard, Florian and D{\"o}lken, Lars},
  title     = {Integrative functional genomics decodes herpes simplex virus 1},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41467-020-15992-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229884},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The predicted 80 open reading frames (ORFs) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) have been intensively studied for decades. Here, we unravel the complete viral transcriptome and translatome during lytic infection with base-pair resolution by computational integration of multi-omics data. We identify a total of 201 transcripts and 284 ORFs including all known and 46 novel large ORFs. This includes a so far unknown ORF in the locus deleted in the FDA-approved oncolytic virus Imlygic. Multiple transcript isoforms expressed from individual gene loci explain translation of the vast majority of ORFs as well as N-terminal extensions (NTEs) and truncations. We show that NTEs with non-canonical start codons govern the subcellular protein localization and packaging of key viral regulators and structural proteins. We extend the current nomenclature to include all viral gene products and provide a genome browser that visualizes all the obtained data from whole genome to single-nucleotide resolution. Here, using computational integration of multi-omics data, the authors provide a detailed transcriptome and translatome of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), including previously unidentified ORFs and N-terminal extensions. The study also provides a HSV-1 genome browser and should be a valuable resource for further research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WersebeckmannBiegerlLeyeretal.2023,
  author    = {Wersebeckmann, Vera and Biegerl, Carolin and Leyer, Ilona and Mody, Karsten},
  title     = {Orthopteran diversity in steep slope vineyards: the role of vineyard type and vegetation management},
  series = {Insects},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Insects},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2075-4450},
  doi       = {10.3390/insects14010083},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304891},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The abandonment of traditional agricultural practices and subsequent succession are major threats to many open-adapted species and species-rich ecosystems. Viticulture on steep slopes has recently suffered from strong declines due to insufficient profitability, thus increasing the area of fallow land considerably. Changing cultivation systems from vertically oriented to modern vineyard terraces offers an opportunity to maintain management economically viable and thus reduces further abandonment. Hillside parallel terraces favor mechanization, and their embankments offer large undisturbed areas that could provide valuable habitats. We investigated the effects of vineyard abandonment, different vineyard management types (vertically oriented vs. terraced), and local parameters on Orthoptera diversity in 45 study sites along the Upper Middle Rhine Valley in Germany. Our results show that woody structures and vineyard abandonment reduced Orthoptera diversity at the local and landscape scale due to decreased habitat quality, especially for open-adapted species. In contrast, open inter-rows of actively managed vineyard types supported heat-adapted Caelifera species. On terrace embankments, extensive management and taller vegetation benefited Ensifera species, while short and mulched vegetation in vertically oriented vineyards favored the dominance of one single Caelifera species. Our results highlight the significance of maintaining viticultural management on steep slopes for the preservation of both open-adapted Orthoptera species and the cultural landscape.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WernerSebald1981,
  author    = {Werner, S. and Sebald, Werner},
  title     = {Immunological techniques for studies on the biogenesis of mitochondrial membrane proteins},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82044},
  year      = {1981},
  abstract  = {no abstract available},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wenzel2014,
  author    = {Wenzel, Jens},
  title     = {Regulation of TLR-induced macrophage responses by cytoskeleton-associated phosphoproteins},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-98843},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors (PRR) by which macrophages (M{\O}) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the PAMP of gram negative bacteria, by TLR4 triggers signaling cascades and leads to the pro-inflammatory activation of the cells. A recent quantitative and kinetic analysis of the phosphoproteome of LPS-activated primary macrophages highlighted the cytoskeleton as a cell compartment with an enriched protein phosphorylation. In total 44 cytoskeleton-associated proteins were regulated by this post-translational modification and thus might be involved in the control and regulation of key macrophage functions like spreading, motility and phagocytosis. To investigate the control of cytoskeleton-associated cell functions by TLR4 activation, we first developed a method to quantitatively measure the spreading response of bone marrow M{\O} after stimulation with LPS. Fluorescence microscopy was used for cell imaging and visualisation of the M{\O} contact area. In collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute Erlangen, we developed and validated a software tool for the semi-automated segmentation and quantitation of M{\O} fluorescence microscopy data, which allowed fast, robust and objective image analysis. Using this method, we observed that LPS caused time-dependent spreading, which was detectable after 1-2 h and maximal after 24 h. Next, the impact of genetic or pharmacological inhibition of known TLR signaling components was investigated. Deficiency in the adapter protein MYD88 strongly reduced spreading activity at the late time points, but had no impact early after LPS-stimulation. A similar effect was observed upon pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling, indicating that ERK1/2 mediates MYD88-dependent M{\O} spreading. In contrast, M{\O} lacking the MAPK p38 were impaired in the initial spreading response but responded normally 8-24 h after stimulation. The genetic deletion of the MAPK phosphatases DUSP1 and DUSP16 resulted in impaired late spreading, corroborating the essential role for functional MAPK signaling in TLR4-driven M{\O} spreading. To identify the contribution of other cytoskeletal phosphoproteins to M{\O} spreading, siRNA knockdown of selected candidate genes in primary murine M{\O} was employed and combined with automated quantitative image analysis. These experiments revealed a functional role for the Myosins MYO1e and MYO1f in M{\O} spreading. These motor proteins are strongly phosphorylated in LPS-activated M{\O}. Because of their ability to simultaneously bind to actin filaments and cell membrane or other proteins, we investigated their role in phagocytosis, cytokine production and antigen presentation. Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria were not affected in Myo1e-/- macrophages. However, MYO1e plays a role in chemokine secretion and antigen presentation processes. MCP1 (CCL2) release was selectively increased in Myo1e-deficient M{\O} and dendritic cells (DC), while cytokine secretion was unaffected. Furthermore, macrophages and DCs lacking MYO1e showed lower levels of MHC-II on the cell surface. However, mRNA levels of CCL2 and of MHC-II were unaltered. These data suggest a role for MYO1e in the transport of selected chemokines and of MHC-II molecules to the cell surface. MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation assays revealed an impaired capacity of macrophages and DC lacking MYO1e to stimulate antigen-specific T cells, suggesting that the reduced MHC-II expression is functionally relevant. Taken together, in this study first a quantitative image analysis method was developed which allows the unbiased, robust and efficient investigation of the macrophage spreading response. Combination of this method with siRNA knockdown of selected cytoskeleton-associated phosphoproteins led to the identification of MYO1e and MYO1f as regulators of macrophage spreading. Furthermore, we identified MYO1e in M{\O} and DC to be essential for the intracellular transport of CCL2 and MHC-II to the cell surface and for optimal stimulation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells.},
  subject      = {Toll-like-Rezeptoren},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Wenzel2011,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Wenzel, Frank},
  title     = {Smell and repel: Resin based defense mechanisms and interactions between Australian ants and stingless bees},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65960},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Bees are subject to permanent threat from predators such as ants. Their nests with large quantities of brood, pollen and honey represent lucrative targets for attacks whereas foragers have to face rivalry at food sources. This thesis focused on the role of stingless bees as third party interactor on ant-aphid-associations as well as on the predatory potential represented by ants and defense mechanisms against this threat. Regular observations of an aphid infested Podocarpus for approaching stingless bees yielded no results. Another aim of this thesis was the observation of foraging habits of four native and one introduced ant species for assessment of their predatory potential to stingless bees. All species turned out to be dietary balanced generalists with one mostly carnivorous species and four species predominantly collecting nectar roughly according to optimal foraging theory. Two of the species monitored, Rhytidoponera metallica and Iridomyrmex rufoniger were considered potential nest robbers. As the name implies, stingless bees lack the powerful weapon of their distant relatives; hence they specialized on other defense strategies. Resin is an important, multipurpose resource for stingless bees that is used as material for nest construction, antibiotic and for defensive means. For the latter purpose highly viscous resin is either directly used to stick down aggressors or its terpenic compounds are included in the bees cuticular surface. In a feeding choice experiment, three ant species were confronted with the choice between two native bee species - Tetragonula carbonaria and Austroplebeia australis - with different cuticular profiles and resin collection habits. Two of the ant species, especially the introduced Tetramorium bicarinatum did not show any preferences. The carnivorous R. metallica predominantly took the less resinous A. australis as prey. The reluctance towards T. carbonaria disappeared when the resinous compounds on its cuticle had been washed off with hexane. To test whether the repulsive reactions were related to the stickiness of the resinous surface or to chemical substances, hexane extracts of bees' cuticles, propolis and three natural tree resins were prepared. In the following assay responses of ants towards extract treated surfaces were observed. Except for one of the resin extracts, all tested substances had repellent effects to the ants. Efficacy varied with the type of extract and species. Especially to the introduced T. bicarinatum the cuticular extract had no effect. GCMS-analyses showed that some of the resinous compounds were also found in the cuticular profile of T. carbonaria which featured reasonable analogies to the resin of Corymbia torelliana that is highly attractive for stingless bees. The results showed that repellent effects were only partially related to the sticky quality of resin but were rather caused by chemical substances, presumably sesqui- and diterpenes. Despite its efficacy this defense strategy only provides short time repellent effects sufficient for escape and warning of nest mates to initiate further preventive measures.},
  subject      = {Stachellose Biene},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Weniger2007,
  author    = {Weniger, Markus},
  title     = {Genome Expression Pathway Analysis Tool - Analyse und Visualisierung von Microarray Genexpressionsdaten unter genomischen, proteomischen und metabolischen Gesichtspunkten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-25392},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Die Messung der Genexpression ist f{\"u}r viele Bereiche der Biologie und Medizin wichtig geworden und unterst{\"u}tzt Studien {\"u}ber Behandlung, Krankheiten und Entwicklungsstadien. Microarrays k{\"o}nnen verwendet werden, um die Expression von tausenden mRNA-Molek{\"u}len gleichzeitig zu messen und erm{\"o}glichen so einen Einblick und einen Vergleich der verschiedenen zellul{\"a}ren Bedingungen. Die Daten, die durch Microarray-Experimente gewonnen werden, sind hochdimensional und verrauscht, eine Interpretation der Daten ist deswegen nicht einfach. Obwohl Programme f{\"u}r die statistische Auswertung von Microarraydaten existieren, fehlt vielen eine Integration der Analyseergebnisse mit einer automatischen Interpretationsm{\"o}glichkeit. In dieser Arbeit wurde GEPAT, Genome Expression Pathway Analysis Tool, entwickelt, das eine Analyse der Genexpression unter dem Gesichtspunkten der Genomik, Proteomik und Metabolik erm{\"o}glicht. GEPAT integriert statistische Methoden zum Datenimport und -analyse mit biologischer Interpretation f{\"u}r Genmengen oder einzelne Gene, die auf dem Microarray gemessen werden. Verschiedene Typen von Oligonukleotid- und cDNAMicroarrays k{\"o}nnen importiert werden, unterschiedliche Normalisierungsmethoden k{\"o}nnen auf diese Daten angewandt werden, anschließend wird eine Datenannotation durchgef{\"u}hrt. Nach dem Import k{\"o}nnen mit GEPAT verschiedene statische Datenanalysemethoden wie hierarchisches, k-means und PCA-Clustern, ein auf einem linearen Modell basierender t-Test, oder ein Vergleich chromosomaler Profile durchgef{\"u}hrt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen k{\"o}nnen auf H{\"a}ufungen biologischer Begriffe und Vorkommen in Stoffwechselwegen oder Interaktionsnetzwerken untersucht werden. Verschiedene biologische Datenbanken wurden integriert, um zu jeder Gensonde auf dem Array Informationen zur Verf{\"u}gung stellen zu k{\"o}nnen. GEPAT bietet keinen linearen Arbeitsablauf, sondern erlaubt die Benutzung von beliebigen Teilmengen von Genen oder biologischen Proben als Startpunkt einer neuen Analyse oder Interpretation. Dabei verl{\"a}sst es sich auf bew{\"a}hrte Datenanalyse-Pakete, bietet einen modularen Ansatz zur einfachen Erweiterung und kann auf einem verteilten Computernetzwerk installiert werden, um eine große Zahl an Benutzern zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Es ist unter der LGPL Open-Source Lizenz frei verf{\"u}gbar und kann unter http://gepat.sourceforge.net heruntergeladen werden.},
  subject      = {Microarray},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Wende2011,
  author    = {Wende, Elisabeth Sophie},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Rolle der melanominduzierenden Rezeptortyrosinkinase Xmrk bei der Migration melanozyt{\"a}rer Zellen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70945},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Das maligne Melanom ist ein Hauttumor mit steigender Inzidenz und hohen Mortalit{\"a}tsraten. Da die molekularbiologischen Ereignisse, die der Melanomentwicklung zugrundeliegen, nur unzureichend bekannt sind, gibt es kaum spezifische Therapieans{\"a}tze. Zur Untersuchung der Melanomentwicklung eignet sich das Xiphophorus-Modell. In diesem System ist die Anwesenheit der RTK Xmrk ausreichend, um durch Aktivierung proliferativer und entdifferenzierender Signalwege und Apoptoseinhibition Melanome zu verursachen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass Xmrk auch die Migration der Melanozytenzellinie Melan a-Hm induzieren kann. Die Migration der durch Xmrk transformierten Zellen ist am{\"o}boid und unabh{\"a}ngig von MAPK- und PI3K-Signalwegen. Eine Funktion bei der Migration haben jedoch die Kinasen FAK und Fyn. Sie bilden m{\"o}glicherweise einen Proteinkomplex, der f{\"u}r FAK und Src aus zahlreichen anderen Systemen bekannt ist und als Signalplattform f{\"u}r die Zellmigration fungiert. Diese Erkenntnisse k{\"o}nnen dazu beitragen, das Xiphophorus-Modell weiterzuentwickeln und die Grundlagen der Melanomgenese besser zu verstehen.},
  subject      = {Epidermaler Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Wende2014,
  author    = {Wende, Beate},
  title     = {Diversity of saproxylic beetles and host tree specialisation in differently managed forests across Germany},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-107049},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Chapter I The gradual turnover of dead organic material into mineral nutrients is a key ecological function, linking decomposition and primary production, the essential parts of the nutrient-energy cycle. However, disturbances in terms of species or resource losses might impair the equilibrium between production and decomposition. Humanity has converted large proportions of natural landscapes and intensified land-use activity for food production. Globally, only very few areas are totally unaffected by human activity today. To ensure the maintenance of both essential ecosystem services, knowledge about the interplay of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning as well as effects of intensified management on both is crucial. The vast majority of terrestrial biomass production as well as decomposition take place in forest ecosystems. Though forestry has a long sustainable history in Europe, its intensification during the last century has caused severe impacts on forest features and, consequently, on the associated biota, especially deadwood dependent organisms. Among these, saproxylic beetles are the most diverse group in terms of species numbers and functional diversity, but also most endangered due to habitat loss. These features classify them as ideal research organisms to study effects of intensified forestry on ecosystem services. The BELONGDEAD project located in Germany aimed to investigate deadwood decay and functional consequences of diversity changes in the associated fauna on the decomposition process from the initialisation of deadwood decay to complete degradation. As part of the BeLongDead project, this dissertation focussed on saproxylic beetle species, thereby evaluating (1) regionally effects of tree species identity of fresh deadwood and (2) forest management of varying intensities on the diversity, abundance and community composition of saproxylic beetles (chapter II); (3) the specialisation degree of different trophic guilds of saproxylic beetles, and thus the stability and robustness of their interaction networks against disturbances (chapter III); (4) the impact of environmental features of local to regional spatial scales on species richness of saproxylic beetles differing in their habitat niche in terms of deadwood decay stages (chapter IV). Chapter II The vast majority of European forest ecosystems have been anthropogenically affected, leaving less than 1\% of the about 1 milliard hectare as natural forests. A long history of forestry and especially the technological progress during the last century have caused massive habitat fragmentation as well as substantial loss of essential resources in European forest ecosystems. Due to this, the substrate-dependent group of saproxylic beetles has experienced severe species losses. Thus, investigations concerning saproxylic diversity and deadwood volume were badly needed. However, the importance of different deadwood in terms of tree species identity for the colonization by saproxylic beetles under different local and regional management regimes is poorly understood. Therefore, we studied possible regional differences in colonization patterns of saproxylic beetle species in a total of 688 fresh deadwood logs of 13 tree species in 9 sites of managed conifer and beech forests, and unmanaged beech forests, respectively. We found that tree species identity was an important driver in determining saproxylic species composition and abundance within fresh deadwood. However, saproxylic species showed different colonization patterns of deadwood items of the same tree species among the study regions. Regionally consistent, conifer forests were most diverse. We attribute the latter result to the historically adaption of saproxylic beetle species to semi-open forests, which conditions are actually best reflected by conifer forests. To preserve a diverse local species pool of early successional saproxylic beetles, we suggest an equal high degree of deadwood diversity in a tree species context in due consideration of regional differences. Chapter III The extinction risk of a particular species corresponds with its species-specific requirements on resources and habitat conditions, in other words with the width of the species` ecological niche. Species with a narrow ecological niche are defined as specialists. Members of this group experience higher extinction risk by resource limitation than generalists, which are able to utilize a variety of resources. For the classification of species as specialists or generalists, thus evaluating possible extinction risks, ecologists use the concept of interaction networks. This method has often been applied for mutualistic or antagonistic plant-animal interactions, but information for networks of detritivores is scarce. Therefore, saproxylic beetle species sampled as described in chapter II were categorised according to their larval diet; additionally their interaction networks (N=108) with 13 dead host tree species were analysed. Specialisation degree was highest for wood-digesting beetles and decreased with increasing trophic level. Also the network indices evaluating robustness and generality indicated a higher susceptibility to species extinctions for xylophagous than for mycetophagous and predatory beetles. The specialisation of xylophagous species on specific tree species might be an adaption to tree species specific ingredients stored for defence against pathogens and pests. However, we conclude that the high specialisation degree of xylophages and thus their higher extinction risk by resource loss harbours certain dangers for ecosystem function and stability as species diversity is positively linked to both. Chapter IV Populations depend on individual emigration and immigration events to ensure genetic exchange. For successful migration it is of utmost importance that spatially separated populations are obtainable by specimen. Migratory success depends on the one hand on the species dispersal abilities and on the other on the availability of suitable habitats in the surrounding landscape in which the distinct host populations exist. However, consequences of intensive forest management correspond not only to severe reduction of local deadwood amount, but, among others, also a change in tree species composition and high levels of fragmentation in the surrounding forest area. Saproxylic beetle species differ in their dispersal behaviour according to the temporal availability of their preferred habitat. Generally, early successional saproxylic beetles are able to disperse over large distances, whereas beetles inhabiting advanced decayed wood often remain close to their larval habitat. Due to this, environmental factors might affect saproxylic beetle guilds differently. We classified the saproxylic beetles sampled as described in chapter II according to their calculated habitat niche as early, intermediate or late successional saproxylic beetles. For the different guilds the effects of 14 environmental factors on different spatial scales (stand factors at 0.1 km radius, landscape composition at 2 km radius, and regionally differing abiotic factors in 400 km to 700 km distance) were investigated. Consistently for all guilds, species richness decreased with fragmentation at local and landscape scale, and increased in warmer climate. However, we found contradictory results between the guilds to some extent. We relate this to guild specific habitat requirements of the saproxylic beetles. Therefore, for the development of appropriate conservation practices guild-specific requirements saproxylic beetles have to be considered not only locally but on larger spatial scales. Chapter V In conclusion, this dissertation identified main drivers of early successional saproxylic beetle species richness on various spatial scales. Our results emphasize the importance to develop management schemes meeting species-specific and guild-specific habitat requirements of the saproxylic beetle fauna at relevant spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, short-term actions suggested for sustainable forest management should be the focus on a diverse tree species composition consisting of indigenous tree species with respect to regional differences. Moreover, senescent trees, fallen and standing deadwood should remain in the forests, and some tree individuals should be allowed to grow old. Long-term actions should involve the reduction of forest fragmentation and the connection of spatial widely separated forest fragments. Furthermore, to fully understand the effects of forest management long-term research should be conducted to compare habitat requirements of intermediate and late successional beetles with the results presented in this dissertation.},
  subject      = {Saproxylophage},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WelterWagnerFurtwaengleretal.2021,
  author    = {Welter, Nils and Wagner, Angelo and Furtw{\"a}ngler, Rhoikos and Melchior, Patrick and Kager, Leo and Vokuhl, Christian and Schenk, Jens-Peter and Meier, Clemens Magnus and Siemer, Stefan and Gessler, Manfred and Graf, Norbert},
  title     = {Correction: Welter et al. Characteristics of nephroblastoma/nephroblastomatosis in children with a clinically reported underlying malformation or cancer predisposition syndrome. Cancers 2021, 13, 5016},
  series = {Cancers},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Cancers},
  number    = {22},
  issn      = {2072-6694},
  doi       = {10.3390/cancers13225743},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250135},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the original article [1] there was a mistake in Table 2 as published. Table 2 contains wrong percentages in lines Bilateral disease and Patients with CPS or GU. For this reason the table should be replaced with the correct one as shown below.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WelterWagnerFurtwaengleretal.2021,
  author    = {Welter, Nils and Wagner, Angelo and Furtw{\"a}ngler, Rhoikos and Melchior, Patrick and Kager, Leo and Vokuhl, Christian and Schenk, Jens-Peter and Meier, Clemens Magnus and Siemer, Stefan and Gessler, Manfred and Graf, Norbert},
  title     = {Characteristics of nephroblastoma/nephroblastomatosis in children with a clinically reported underlying malformation or cancer predisposition syndrome},
  series = {Cancers},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Cancers},
  number    = {19},
  issn      = {2072-6694},
  doi       = {10.3390/cancers13195016},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-248434},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {(1) Background: about 10\% of Wilms Tumor (WT) patients have a malformation or cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) with causative germline genetic or epigenetic variants. Knowledge on CPS is essential for genetic counselling. (2) Methods: this retrospective analysis focused on 2927 consecutive patients with WTs registered between 1989 and 2017 in the SIOP/GPOH studies. (3) Results: Genitourinary malformations (GU, N = 66, 2.3\%), Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWS, N = 32, 1.1\%), isolated hemihypertrophy (IHH, N = 29, 1.0\%), Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS, N = 24, 0.8\%) and WAGR syndrome (N = 20, 0.7\%) were reported most frequently. Compared to others, these patients were younger at WT diagnosis (median age 24.5 months vs. 39.0 months), had smaller tumors (349.4 mL vs. 487.5 mL), less often metastasis (8.2\% vs. 18\%), but more often nephroblastomatosis (12.9\% vs. 1.9\%). WT with IHH was associated with blastemal WT and DDS with stromal subtype. Bilateral WTs were common in WAGR (30\%), DDS (29\%) and BWS (31\%). Chemotherapy induced reduction in tumor volume was poor in DDS (0.4\% increase) and favorable in BWS (86.9\% reduction). The event-free survival (EFS) of patients with BWS was significantly (p = 0.002) worse than in others. (4) Conclusions: CPS should be considered in WTs with specific clinical features resulting in referral to a geneticist. Their outcome was not always favorable.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeisseHeddergottHeydtetal.2012,
  author    = {Weiße, Sebastian and Heddergott, Niko and Heydt, Matthias and Pfl{\"a}sterer, Daniel and Maier, Timo and Haraszti, Tamas and Grunze, Michael and Engstler, Markus and Rosenhahn, Axel},
  title     = {A Quantitative 3D Motility Analysis of Trypanosoma brucei by Use of Digital In-line Holographic Microscopy},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0037296},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130666},
  pages     = {e37296},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {We present a quantitative 3D analysis of the motility of the blood parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Digital in-line holographic microscopy has been used to track single cells with high temporal and spatial accuracy to obtain quantitative data on their behavior. Comparing bloodstream form and insect form trypanosomes as well as mutant and wildtype cells under varying external conditions we were able to derive a general two-state-run-and-tumble-model for trypanosome motility. Differences in the motility of distinct strains indicate that adaption of the trypanosomes to their natural environments involves a change in their mode of swimming.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Weiss2011,
  author    = {Weiß, Sabine},
  title     = {Function of the Spir actin nucleators in intracellular vesicle transport processes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64589},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Spir proteins are the founding members of the novel class of WH2-actin nucleators. A C-terminal modified FYVE zinc finger motif is necessary to target Spir proteins towards intracellular membranes. The function and regulation of the Spir actin organizers at vesicular membranes is almost unknown. Live cell imaging analyses performed in this study show that Spir-2 is localized at tubular vesicles. Cytoplasmic Spir-2-associated vesicles branch and form protrusions, which can make contacts to the microtubule network, where the Spir-2 vesicles stretch and slide along the microtubule filaments. The analysis of living HeLa cells expressing eGFP-tagged Spir-2, Spir-2-ΔKIND and Spir-2-ΔKW (lacking the 4 WH2 domains and the KIND domain) showed Spir-2-associated tubular structures which differ in their length and motility. Throughout the course of that study it could be shown that the tail domain of the actin motor protein myosin Vb, as a force-generating molecule, is colocalizing and co-immunoprecipitating with Spir-2-ΔKW. By using the tail domain of myosin Vb as a dominant negative mutant for myosin Vb-dependent vesicle transport processes it could be shown that Spir-2-ΔKW/MyoVb-cc-tail- associated vesicles exhibit an increased elongation. Moreover, using the microtubule depolymerizing drug nocodazole it could be shown that the elongation and the motility of Spir-2-ΔKW-associated vesicles depends on an intact microtubule cytoskeleton. Motility and morphological dynamics of Spir-2-associated vesicles is therefore dependent on actin, actin motorproteins and microtubule filaments. These results propose a model in which myosin/F-actin forces mediate vesicle branching, allowing the vesicles to move to and in between the microtubule filaments and thereby providing a new degree of freedom in vesicular motility. To determine the exact subcellular localization of Spir-2, colocalization studies were performed. It could be shown that Spir-2 shows a partial colocalization to Rab11a-positive compartments. Furthermore, Spir-2 exhibits an almost identical localization to Arf1 and the Arf1 small G protein but not Rab11a could be immunoprecipitated with Spir-2-ΔKW. This suggests, that Arf1 recruits Spir-2 to Arf1/Rab11a-positive membranes. Another important function of the Spir-2 C-terminus is the membrane targeting by the FYVE domain. By performing a protein-lipid overlay assay, it has been shown that purified GST- and 6xHis-tagged Spir-2-ΔKW bind phosphatidic acid suggesting a mechanism in which Spir-2 is recruited to phosphatidic acid-enriched membranes. To further elucidate the mechanism in which Spir-2 membrane-targeting could be regulated, interaction studies of C-terminal parts of Spir-2 revealed that the Spir-2 proteins interact directly.},
  subject      = {Aktin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeissSchultz2015,
  author    = {Weiß, Clemens Leonard and Schultz, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Identification of divergent WH2 motifs by HMM-HMM alignments},
  series = {BMC Research Notes},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {BMC Research Notes},
  number    = {18},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13104-015-0981-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126413},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background The actin cytoskeleton is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. Its regulation as well as its interaction with other proteins is carefully orchestrated by actin interaction domains. One of the key players is the WH2 motif, which enables binding to actin monomers and filaments and is involved in the regulation of actin nucleation. Contrasting conserved domains, the identification of this motif in protein sequences is challenging, as it is short and poorly conserved. Findings To identify divergent members, we combined Hidden-Markov-Model (HMM) to HMM alignments with orthology predictions. Thereby, we identified nearly 500 proteins containing so far not annotated WH2 motifs. This included shootin-1, an actin binding protein involved in neuron polarization. Among others, WH2 motifs of 'proximal to raf' (ptr)-orthologs, which are described in the literature, but not annotated in genome databases, were identified. Conclusion In summary, we increased the number of WH2 motif containing proteins substantially. This identification of candidate regions for actin interaction could steer their experimental characterization. Furthermore, the approach outlined here can easily be adapted to the identification of divergent members of further domain families.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeisschuhMayerStrometal.2016,
  author    = {Weisschuh, Nicole and Mayer, Anja K. and Strom, Tim M. and Kohl, Susanne and Gl{\"o}ckle, Nicola and Schubach, Max and Andreasson, Sten and Bernd, Antje and Birch, David G. and Hamel, Christian P. and Heckenlively, John R. and Jacobson, Samuel G. and Kamme, Christina and Kellner, Ulrich and Kunstmann, Erdmute and Maffei, Pietro and Reiff, Charlotte M. and Rohrschneider, Klaus and Rosenberg, Thomas and Rudolph, G{\"u}nther and V{\´a}mos, Rita and Vars{\´a}nyi, Bal{\´a}zs and Weleber, Richard G. and Wissinger, Bernd},
  title     = {Mutation Detection in Patients with Retinal Dystrophies Using Targeted Next Generation Sequencing},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0145951},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167398},
  pages     = {e0145951},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Retinal dystrophies (RD) constitute a group of blinding diseases that are characterized by clinical variability and pronounced genetic heterogeneity. The different nonsyndromic and syndromic forms of RD can be attributed to mutations in more than 200 genes. Consequently, next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are among the most promising approaches to identify mutations in RD. We screened a large cohort of patients comprising 89 independent cases and families with various subforms of RD applying different NGS platforms. While mutation screening in 50 cases was performed using a RD gene capture panel, 47 cases were analyzed using whole exome sequencing. One family was analyzed using whole genome sequencing. A detection rate of 61\% was achieved including mutations in 34 known and two novel RD genes. A total of 69 distinct mutations were identified, including 39 novel mutations. Notably, genetic findings in several families were not consistent with the initial clinical diagnosis. Clinical reassessment resulted in refinement of the clinical diagnosis in some of these families and confirmed the broad clinical spectrum associated with mutations in RD genes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeissSebaldSchwabetal.1973,
  author    = {Weiss, H. and Sebald, Walter and Schwab, A. J. and Kleinow, W. and Lorenz, B.},
  title     = {Contribution of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis to the formation of cytochrome b and cytochrome aa\(_3\)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62835},
  year      = {1973},
  abstract  = {A cytochrome b preparation from Neurospora crassa mitochondria is found to consist of three polypeptides (apparent molecular weight 10 000, 11 000 and 32 000), a cytochrome aa3 preparation of six to seven polypeptides (apparent molecular weight 8 000, 11 000, 13 000, 18 000, 28 000 and 36 000). Selective incorporation of radioactive amino acids by eilher mitochondrial protein synthesis when the cytoplasmic one is blocked or by the cytoplasmic protein synthesis, when the mitochondrial one is blocked, indicates that one cytochrome b polypeptide (mw 32 000) and one to three cytochrome aa3 polypeptides (mw 36 000, 28 000 and 18 000) are mitochondrial translation products, the other cytochrome b and cytochrome aa3 polypeptides cytoplasmic translation products. The delayed appearance of labeling in the cytochrome b and cytochrome aa3 polypeptides compared to the average cell protein after a pulse of <~H leueine revealed that these polypeptides are derived from separate pools of precursor polypeptides. The pool sizes range from 2 p. cent to 25 p. cent of the amount of the corresponding polypeptide present in the cytochromes. The 32 000 molecular weight polypeptide of cytochrome band at least the 18 000 molecular weight polypeptide of cytochrome aa\(_3\) are mitochondrial translation products as well in the fungus Neurospora crassa as in the insect Locusta migratoria. So, despite the fact that the size of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial ribosomes is reduced in insects, the products have maintained their characteristics.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeissSebaldBuecher1971,
  author    = {Weiss, H. and Sebald, Walter and B{\"u}cher, T.},
  title     = {Cycloheximide resistant incorporation of amino acids into a polypeptide of the cytochrome oxidase of Neurospora crassa},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62866},
  year      = {1971},
  abstract  = {Radioaetive leueine was ineorporated by N eurospora crassa mitoehondria in vivo in the presence of cyeloheximide. When the membrane protein of these mitochondria was ehromatographieally separated on oleyl polymethaerylie aeid resin, \& nurober of fraetions were obtained whieh differ with respeet to their eontents of radioaetivity and eytoehromes. The highest speeifie radioaetivity was found in the fraction eontaining eytoehrome aa3• This fraetion proved to be a pure and enzymatically aetive cytoehrome oxidase. Its ratio of absorbanee at 280 nm (ox)/ 443 nm (red.) was 2.1. By means of sodium dodeeylsulfate gel-electrophoresis, this enzymewas separated into five polypeptides with molecular weights of 30000, 20000, 13000, 10000, and 8000. Only the polypeptide with the molecular weight 20000 displayed a high specific radioaetivity.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeissSebald1978,
  author    = {Weiss, H. and Sebald, Walter},
  title     = {Purification of cytochrome oxidase from Neurospora crassa and other sources},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82082},
  year      = {1978},
  abstract  = {A chromatographic procedure 1 is described by means of which cytochrome oxidase has been purified from a variety of organisms including the fungus N eurospora crassa,2,3 the unicellular alga Po/ytoma mirum, 4 the insect Locusta migratoria ,5 the frog Xenopus muel/eri,4 and the mammal Rattus norwegicus. 4 This procedure can be used to equal effect for large-scale preparations, starting from grams of mitochondrial protein, or for small-scale preparations starting from milligrams. The cytochrome oxidase preparations from the different organisms are enzymically active. They show similar subunit compositions.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeissSchlegelTerpitzetal.2020,
  author    = {Weiss, Esther and Schlegel, Jan and Terpitz, Ulrich and Weber, Michael and Linde, J{\"o}rg and Schmitt, Anna-Lena and H{\"u}nniger, Kerstin and Marischen, Lothar and Gamon, Florian and Bauer, Joachim and L{\"o}ffler, Claudia and Kurzai, Oliver and Morton, Charles Oliver and Sauer, Markus and Einsele, Hermann and Loeffler, Juergen},
  title     = {Reconstituting NK Cells After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Show Impaired Response to the Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus},
  series = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  issn      = {1664-3224},
  doi       = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.02117},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212581},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Delayed natural killer (NK) cell reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is associated with a higher risk of developing invasive aspergillosis. The interaction of NK cells with the human pathogen Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus is mediated by the fungal recognition receptor CD56, which is relocated to the fungal interface after contact. Blocking of CD56 signaling inhibits the fungal mediated chemokine secretion of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES and reduces cell activation, indicating a functional role of CD56 in fungal recognition. We collected peripheral blood from recipients of an allograft at defined time points after alloSCT (day 60, 90, 120, 180). NK cells were isolated, directly challenged with live A. fumigatus germ tubes, and cell function was analyzed and compared to healthy age and gender-matched individuals. After alloSCT, NK cells displayed a higher percentage of CD56\(^{bright}\)CD16\(^{dim}\) cells throughout the time of blood collection. However, CD56 binding and relocalization to the fungal contact side were decreased. We were able to correlate this deficiency to the administration of corticosteroid therapy that further negatively influenced the secretion of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES. As a consequence, the treatment of healthy NK cells ex vivo with corticosteroids abrogated chemokine secretion measured by multiplex immunoassay. Furthermore, we analyzed NK cells regarding their actin cytoskeleton by Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) and flow cytometry and demonstrate an actin dysfunction of NK cells shown by reduced F-actin content after fungal co-cultivation early after alloSCT. This dysfunction remains until 180 days post-alloSCT, concluding that further actin-dependent cellular processes may be negatively influenced after alloSCT. To investigate the molecular pathomechansism, we compared CD56 receptor mobility on the plasma membrane of healthy and alloSCT primary NK cells by single-molecule tracking. The results were very robust and reproducible between tested conditions which point to a different molecular mechanism and emphasize the importance of proper CD56 mobility.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Weismann2002,
  author    = {Weismann, Dirk Thorsten},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zum enzymatischen und immunchemischen Nachweis der Phytanoyl-CoA-Hydroxylase in CHO-Zellen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-8064},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde nach Wegen gesucht, den Import peroxisomaler Matrixproteine, der {\"u}ber ein peroxisomales Targeting Signal Typ 2 gesteuert wird, zu messen. Es war vorgesehen, in erster Linie einen enzymchemischen Nachweis zu etablieren, da diese Methode den Vorteil einer Quantifizierbarkeit der Aktivit{\"a}t der gemessenen Enzyme bietet und somit R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse auf den Grad einer Beeintr{\"a}chtigung des Importes zulassen w{\"u}rden. Von dem Test wurde eine Sensitivit{\"a}t gefordert, die eine Messung auch in Homogenaten kultivierter Zellen, insbesondere von CHO-Zellen, erlaubt. Dieses war deswegen gefordert, weil der Test zur Charakterisierung induzierter CHO-Zell-Mutanten eingesetzt werden sollte, die die Merkmale eines PTS 2-Import-Defektes aufweisen. Dieser Nachweis sollte durch eine Messung der Phytanoyl-CoA-Hydroxylase erfolgen. Dieses Enzym ist eines von drei derzeit bekannten Proteinen, die eine PTS 2 besitzen und {\"u}ber diesen Weg importiert werden. Das Substrat f{\"u}r die Hydroxylase war als Phytans{\"a}ure mit einer 2,3-3H-Markierung in der Arbeitsgruppe vorr{\"a}tig und wurde f{\"u}r den Test zum CoA-Thioester chemisch umgesetzt. Nach erfolgter enzymatischer Umsetzung von Phytonoyl-CoA zu a-Hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA durch die Hydroxylase waren dann sowohl Edukt wie auch das Produkt durch eine radioaktive Markierung gekennzeichnet und konnten nach einer d{\"u}nnschicht-chromatographischen Trennung {\"u}ber Kieselgel durch einem Radiod{\"u}nnschichtscanner nachgewiesen werden. Zun{\"a}chst wurde mit Hilfe von Homogenaten aus Rattenlebergewebe ein bereits beschriebenes Verfahren zur Messung der Phytanoyl-CoA-Hydroxylase optimiert. Es stellte sich jedoch heraus, daß die Sensitivit{\"a}t dieses Testes nicht hoch genug ist, um die Hydroxylase-Aktivit{\"a}t in Homogenaten kultivierter CHO-Zellen zu messen. An dieser Stelle wurde die Etablierung eines immunchemischen Nachweises begonnen. Hierzu sollten Antik{\"o}rper gegen die Hydroxylase des chinesischen Zwerghamsters, des Ursprungsorganismus der CHO-Zellen, generiert werden. Eine Reinigung des Enzyms kam nicht in Betracht, weil die Hamster nicht im Labortierhandel erh{\"a}ltlich waren. Folglich musste die cDNA der Hydroxylase aus einer Hamster-cDNA-Bank kloniert werden, nachdem sie durch ihre bekannten Homologe aus Mensch und Maus identifizierbar war. In den verf{\"u}gbaren cDNA-Banken fand sich keine vollst{\"a}ndige Sequenz, so daß mit einer partiellen Sequenz ohne 5´-Ende weitergearbeitet werden musste. Es bot sich im Institut die M{\"o}glichkeit, aus dieser Sequenz Pepetide zu bestimmen, die mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit stark immunogen wirken. Solche Peptide wurden synthetisiert und nach Koppelung an Tr{\"a}gerproteine neuseel{\"a}ndischen weißen Kaninchen geimpft. Im Elisa wies das Antiserum zum Zeitpunkt seiner Gewinnung einen Titer von etwa 1:10000 auf, zeigte aber im Westernblot neben einer starken Detektion in Laufweite der Hydroxylase auch eine unspezifische Anf{\"a}rbung der Proben. In der nun durchgef{\"u}hrten Affinit{\"a}tsreinigung des Antiserums {\"u}ber einer mit den antigenen Peptiden beladenen S{\"a}ule tauchte das Problem auf, daß die Antik{\"o}rper so fest binden, daß sie von ihren Antigenen nicht mehr ohne dentaturierende Bedingungen zu l{\"o}sen waren. F{\"u}r die weitere Arbeit sollte sich nun eine affinit{\"a}tschromatographische Reinigung {\"u}ber Peptide, die den Antik{\"o}rper mit geringerer Avidit{\"a}t binden, anschließen, so daß nach Trennung der Immunkomplexe native Antik{\"o}rper isoliert werden k{\"o}nnten. Hierzu w{\"a}re ein Epitop-mapping w{\"u}nschenswert, damit auf dieser Grundlage Peptide mit den geforderten Eigenschaften synthetisiert werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WeisingFiala1992,
  author    = {Weising, Kurt and Fiala, Brigitte},
  title     = {Botanische Eindr{\"u}cke vom Bako-Nationalpark / Sarawak},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42947},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WeisingFialaRamlochetal.1990,
  author    = {Weising, K. and Fiala, Brigitte and Ramloch, K. and Kahl, K. and Epplen, J. T.},
  title     = {Olingonucleotide fingerprinting in angiosperms},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42884},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Weisert2024,
  author    = {Weisert, Nadine},
  title     = {Characterization of telomere-associated proteins in \(Trypanosoma\) \(brucei\)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-35273},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-352732},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {The unicellular pathogen Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, an endemic disease prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Trypanosoma brucei alternates between a mammalian host and the tsetse fly vector. The extracellular parasite survives in the mammalian bloodstream by periodically exchanging their ˈvariant surface glycoproteinˈ (VSG) coat to evade the host immune response. This antigenic variation is achieved through monoallelic expression of one VSG variant from subtelomeric ˈbloodstream form expression sitesˈ (BES) at a given timepoint. During the differentiation from the bloodstream form (BSF) to the procyclic form (PCF) in the tsetse fly midgut, the stage specific surface protein is transcriptionally silenced and replaced by procyclins. Due to their subtelomeric localization on the chromosomes, VSG transcription and silencing is partly regulated by homologues of the mammalian telomere complex such as TbTRF, TbTIF2 and TbRAP1 as well as by ˈtelomere-associated proteinsˈ (TelAPs) like TelAP1. To gain more insights into transcription regulation of VSG genes, the identification and characterization of other TelAPs is critical and has not yet been achieved. In a previous study, two biochemical approaches were used to identify other novel TelAPs. By using ˈco-immunoprecipitationˈ (co-IP) to enrich possible interaction partners of TbTRF and by affinity chromatography using telomeric repeat oligonucleotides, a listing of TelAP candidates has been conducted. With this approach TelAP1 was identified as a novel component of the telomere complex, involved in the kinetics of transcriptional BES silencing during BSF to PCF differentiation. To gain further insights into the telomere complex composition, other previously enriched proteins were characterized through a screening process using RNA interference to deplete potential candidates. VSG expression profile changes and overall proteomic changes after depletion were analyzed by mass spectrometry. With this method, one can gain insights into the functions of the proteins and their involvement in VSG expression site regulation. To validate the interaction of proteins enriched by co-IP with TbTRF and TelAP1 and to identify novel interaction proteins, I performed reciprocal affinity purifications of the four most promising candidates (TelAP2, TelAP3, PPL2 and PolIE) and additionally confirmed colocalization of two candidates with TbTRF via immunofluorescence (TelAP2, TelAP3). TelAP3 colocalizes with TbTRF and potentially interacts with TbTRF, TbTIF2, TelAP1 and TelAP2, as well as with two translesion polymerases PPL2 and PolIE in BSF. PPL2 and PolIE seem to be in close contact to each other at the telomeric ends and fulfill different roles as only PolIE is involved in VSG regulation while PPL2 is not. TelAP2 was previously characterized to be associated with telomeres by partially colocalizing with TbTRF and cells show a VSG derepression phenotype when the protein was depleted. Here I show that TelAP2 interacts with the telomere-binding proteins TbTRF and TbTIF2 as well as with the telomere-associated protein TelAP1 in BSF and that TelAP2 depletion results in a loss of TelAP1 colocalization with TbTRF in BSF. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that characterizing potential TelAPs is effective in gaining insights into the telomeric complex's composition and its role in VSG regulation in Trypanosoma brucei. Understanding these interactions could potentially lead to new therapeutic targets for combatting African trypanosomiasis.},
  subject      = {Telomer <Molekulargenetik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeisenbergerScheerBenavente1993,
  author    = {Weisenberger, Dieter and Scheer, Ulrich and Benavente, Ricardo},
  title     = {The DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin blocks postmitotic reformation of nucleoli in mammmalian cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41434},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Cytologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeigelMeyerSebald1989,
  author    = {Weigel, U. and Meyer, M. and Sebald, Walter},
  title     = {Mutant proteins of human interleukin 2. Renaturation yield, proliferative activity and receptor binding},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62543},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Weidenmueller2001,
  author    = {Weidenm{\"u}ller, Anja},
  title     = {From individual behavior to collective structure},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-2448},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {The social organization of insect colonies has long fascinated naturalists. One of the main features of colony organization is division of labor, whereby each member of the colony specializes in a subset of all tasks required for successful group functioning. The most striking aspect of division of labor is its plasticity: workers switch between tasks in response to external challenges and internal perturbations. The mechanisms underlying flexible division of labor are far from being understood. In order to comprehend how the behavior of individuals gives rise to flexible collective behavior, several questions need to be addressed: We need to know how individuals acquire information about their colony's current demand situation; how they then adjust their behavior according; and which mechanisms integrate dozens or thousands of insect into a higher-order unit. With these questions in mind I have examined two examples of collective and flexible behavior in social bees. First, I addressed the question how a honey bee colony controls its pollen collection. Pollen foraging in honey bees is precisely organized and carefully regulated according to the colony's needs. How this is achieved is unclear. I investigated how foragers acquire information about their colony's pollen need and how they then adjust their behavior. A detailed documentation of pollen foragers in the hive under different pollen need conditions revealed that individual foragers modulate their in-hive working tempo according to the actual pollen need of the colony: Pollen foragers slowed down and stayed in the hive longer when pollen need was low and spent less time in the hive between foraging trips when pollen need of their colony was high. The number of cells inspected before foragers unloaded their pollen load did not change and thus presumably did not serve as cue to pollen need. In contrast, the trophallactic experience of pollen foragers changed with pollen need conditions: trophallactic contacts were shorter when pollen need was high and the number and probability of having short trophallactic contacts increased when pollen need increased. Thus, my results have provided support for the hypothesis that trophallactic experience is one of the various information pathways used by pollen foragers to assess their colony's pollen need. The second example of collective behavior I have examined in this thesis is the control of nest climate in bumble bee colonies, a system differing from pollen collection in honey bees in that information about task need (nest climate parameters) is directly available to all workers. I have shown that an increase in CO2 concentration and temperature level elicits a fanning response whereas an increase in relative humidity does not. The fanning response to temperature and CO2 was graded; the number of fanning bees increased with stimulus intensity. Thus, my study has evidenced flexible colony level control of temperature and CO2. Further, I have shown that the proportion of total work force a colony invests into nest ventilation does not change with colony size. However, the dynamic of the colony response changes: larger colonies show a faster response to perturbations of their colony environment than smaller colonies. Thus, my study has revealed a size-dependent change in the flexible colony behavior underlying homeostasis. I have shown that the colony response to perturbations in nest climate is constituted by workers who differ in responsiveness. Following a brief review of current ideas and models of self-organization and response thresholds in insect colonies, I have presented the first detailed investigation of interindividual variability in the responsiveness of all workers involved in a collective behavior. My study has revealed that bumble bee workers evidence consistent responses to certain stimulus levels and differ in their response thresholds. Some consistently respond to low stimulus intensities, others consistently respond to high stimulus intensities. Workers are stimulus specialists rather than task specialists. Further, I have demonstrated that workers of a colony differ in two other parameters of responsiveness: response probability and fanning activity. Response threshold, response probability and fanning activity are independent parameters of individual behavior. Besides demonstrating and quantifying interindividual variability, my study has provided empirical support for the idea of specialization through reinforcement. Response thresholds of fanning bees decreased over successive trials. I have discussed the importance of interindividual variability for specialization and the collective control of nest climate and present a general discussion of self-organization and selection. This study contributes to our understanding of individual behavior and collective structure in social insects. A fascinating picture of social organization is beginning to emerge. In place of centralized systems of communication and information transmission, insect societies frequently employ mechanisms based upon self-organization. Self-organization promises to be an important and unifying principle in physical, chemical and biological systems.},
  subject      = {Hummeln},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeichSebaldSchaireretal.1986,
  author    = {Weich, H. A. and Sebald, Walter and Schairer, H. U. and Hoppe, J.},
  title     = {The human osteosarcoma cell line U-2 OS expresses a 3.8 kilobase mRNA which codes for the sequence of the PDGF-B chain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62588},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {A cDNA clone of about 2500 basepairswas prepared from the human osteosarcoma cellline U-2 OS by hybridizing with a v-sis probe. Sequence analysis showed that this cDNA contains the coding region for the PDGF-B chain. Here we report that the mitogen secreted by these osteosarcoma cells contains the PDGF-B chain and is probably a homodimer of two B-chains.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WegertVokuhlCollordetal.2018,
  author    = {Wegert, Jenny and Vokuhl, Christian and Collord, Grace and Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera, Martin and Farndon, Sarah J. and Guzzo, Charlotte and Jorgensen, Mette and Anderson, John and Slater, Olga and Duncan, Catriona and Bausenwein, Sabrina and Streitenberger, Heike and Ziegler, Barbara and Furtw{\"a}ngler, Rhoikos and Graf, Norbert and Stratton, Michael R. and Campbell, Peter J. and Jones, David TW and Koelsche, Christian and Pfister, Stefan M. and Mifsud, William and Sebire, Neil and Sparber-Sauer, Monika and Koscielniak, Ewa and Rosenwald, Andreas and Gessler, Manfred and Behjati, Sam},
  title     = {Recurrent intragenic rearrangements of EGFR and BRAF in soft tissue tumors of infants},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41467-018-04650-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233446},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Soft tissue tumors of infancy encompass an overlapping spectrum of diseases that pose unique diagnostic and clinical challenges. We studied genomes and transcriptomes of cryptogenic congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), and extended our findings to five anatomically or histologically related soft tissue tumors: infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS), nephroblastomatosis, Wilms tumor, malignant rhabdoid tumor, and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. A key finding is recurrent mutation of EGFR in CMN by internal tandem duplication of the kinase domain, thus delineating CMN from other childhood renal tumors. Furthermore, we identify BRAF intragenic rearrangements in CMN and IFS. Collectively these findings reveal novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies and highlight a prominent role of isolated intragenic rearrangements as drivers of infant tumors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WegertVokuhZiegleretal.2017,
  author    = {Wegert, Jenny and Vokuh, Christian and Ziegler, Barbara and Ernestus, Karen and Leuschner, Ivo and Furtw{\"a}ngler, Rhoikos and Graf, Norbert and Gessler, Manfred},
  title     = {TP53 alterations in Wilms tumour represent progression events with strong intratumour heterogeneity that are closely linked but not limited to anaplasia},
  series = {The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research},
  doi       = {10.1002/cjp2.77},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158302},
  pages     = {234-248},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {TP53 mutations have been associated with anaplasia in Wilms tumour, which conveys a high risk for relapse and fatal outcome. Nevertheless, TP53 alterations have been reported in no more than 60\% of anaplastic tumours, and recent data have suggested their presence in tumours that do not fulfil the criteria for anaplasia, questioning the clinical utility of TP53 analysis. Therefore, we characterized the TP53 status in 84 fatal cases of Wilms tumour, irrespective of histological subtype. We identified TP53 alterations in at least 90\% of fatal cases of anaplastic Wilms tumour, and even more when diffuse anaplasia was present, indicating a very strong if not absolute coupling between anaplasia and deregulation of p53 function. Unfortunately, TP53 mutations do not provide additional predictive value in anaplastic tumours since the same mutation rate was found in a cohort of non-fatal anaplastic tumours. When classified according to tumour stage, patients with stage I diffuse anaplastic tumours still had a high chance of survival (87\%), but this rate dropped to 26\% for stages II-IV. Thus, volume of anaplasia or possible spread may turn out to be critical parameters. Importantly, among non-anaplastic fatal tumours, 26\% had TP53 alterations, indicating that TP53 screening may identify additional cases at risk. Several of these non-anaplastic tumours fulfilled some criteria for anaplasia, for example nuclear unrest, suggesting that such partial phenotypes should be under special scrutiny to enhance detection of high-risk tumours via TP53 screening. A major drawback is that these alterations are secondary changes that occur only later in tumour development, leading to striking intratumour heterogeneity that requires multiple biopsies and analysis guided by histological criteria. In conclusion, we found a very close correlation between histological signs of anaplasia and TP53 alterations. The latter may precede development of anaplasia and thereby provide diagnostic value pointing towards aggressive disease.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WegertBausenweinKneitzetal.2011,
  author    = {Wegert, Jenny and Bausenwein, Sabrina and Kneitz, Susanne and Roth, Sabine and Graf, Norbert and Geissinger, Eva and Gessler, Manfred},
  title     = {Retinoic acid pathway activity in Wilms tumors and characterization of biological responses in vitro},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69137},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background: Wilms tumor (WT) is one of the most common malignancies in childhood. With current therapy protocols up to 90\% of patients can be cured, but there is still a need to improve therapy for patients with aggressive WT and to reduce treatment intensity where possible. Prior data suggested a deregulation of the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway in high-risk WT, but its mode of action remained unclear. Results: The association of retinoid signaling and clinical parameters could be validated in a large independent tumor set, but its relevance in primary nephrectomy tumors from very young children may be different. Reduced RA pathway activity and MYCN overexpression were found in high risk tumors as opposed to tumors with low/ intermediate risk, suggesting a beneficial impact of RA especially on advanced WT. To search for possible modes of action of retinoids as novel therapeutic options, primary tumor cell cultures were treated in vitro with all-trans-RA (ATRA), 9cis-RA, fenretinide and combinations of retinoids and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Genes deregulated in high risk tumors showed opposite changes upon treatment suggesting a positive effect of retinoids. 6/7 primary cultures tested reduced proliferation, irrespective of prior RA signaling levels. The only variant culture was derived from mesoblastic nephroma, a distinct childhood kidney neoplasm. Retinoid/HDAC inhibitor combinations provided no synergistic effect. ATRA and 9cis-RA induced morphological changes suggestive of differentiation, while fenretinide induced apoptosis in several cultures tested. Microarray analysis of ATRA treated WT cells revealed differential expression of many genes involved in extracellular matrix formation and osteogenic, neuronal or muscle differentiation. The effects documented appear to be reversible upon drug withdrawal, however. Conclusions: Altered retinoic acid signaling has been validated especially in high risk Wilms tumors. In vitro testing of primary tumor cultures provided clear evidence of a potential utility of retinoids in Wilms tumor treatment based on the analysis of gene expression, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.},
  subject      = {Krebs},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wegert2010,
  author    = {Wegert, Jenny},
  title     = {WTX-Mutationsscreen und funktionelle Analyse des Retins{\"a}ure-Signalwegs in Wilms Tumoren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52822},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Der Wilms Tumor (WT), auch Nephroblastom genannt, ist einer der h{\"a}ufigsten b{\"o}sartigen Tumoren im Kindesalter. Er entsteht aus embryonalem undifferenziertem Nierengewebe und tritt meist als unilateraler und sporadischer Tumor auf. In 10-15\% der Wilms Tumoren finden sich WT1- und/oder CTNNB1-Mutationen. W{\"a}hrend diese schon l{\"a}nger als genetische Ursachen des Nephroblastoms bekannt sind, wurde erst k{\"u}rzlich WTX als drittes Gen beschrieben, welches eine Rolle in der Tumorentstehung spielt. F{\"u}r einen Großteil der WT ist die genetische Ursache jedoch unklar. Da die bisher publizierten WTX-Mutationsraten auf Untersuchungen kleiner Gruppen basieren und sich stark unterscheiden, sollten in dieser Arbeit WTX-, CTNNB1- und WT1-Mutationen in einem großen WT-Set bestimmt werden. Verluste genetischen Materials in der WTX-Region traten in 17\% der F{\"a}lle auf und waren zwischen den Geschlechtern gleich verteilt. Die Sequenzierung von WT-Proben zeigte, dass nur 2\% von WTX-Punktmutationen betroffen sind. In weiteren 11,5\% der Proben konnte keine WTX-Expression nachgewiesen werden. Die WTX-Ver{\"a}nderungen traten z. T. gemeinsam mit WT1- und/oder CTNNB1-Mutationen auf. Die unvollst{\"a}ndige WTX-Deletion in einigen WT legte die Vermutung nahe, dass innerhalb eines Tumors eine Heterogenit{\"a}t in Bezug auf den WTX-Status m{\"o}glich ist. Dieser Verdacht konnte durch die detaillierte Untersuchung verschiedener Regionen solcher Tumoren erh{\"a}rtet werden: Hierzu wurden histologisch unterschiedliche Bereiche auf den Anteil einer WTX-Mutation bzw. eines WTX-LOH hin untersucht. Obwohl alle Regionen des jeweiligen Tumors einen kompletten LOH auf Chromosom 11 aufwiesen, waren die WTX-Ver{\"a}nderungen unterschiedlich stark ausgepr{\"a}gt. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass WTX-Ver{\"a}nderungen keine notwendigen und fr{\"u}hen Ereignisse in der Tumorentstehung sind, sondern erst sp{\"a}ter auftreten und nur einen Teil der Tumorzellen betreffen k{\"o}nnen. Die Vermutung, dass WTX-Mutationen keinen direkten Einfluss auf die Tumorentwicklung und prognose haben, wird durch das Fehlen eines signifikanten Zusammenhangs zwischen WTX-Deletion bzw. WTX-Expression und den klinischen Eigenschaften der WT gest{\"u}tzt. Um die Rolle von Genen, die potentiell an der Entstehung und Entwicklung des Nephroblastoms beteiligt sind, zu untersuchen oder m{\"o}gliche neue Therapiestrategien zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen, sind in vitro-Modelle n{\"o}tig. Da ein solches f{\"u}r Wilms Tumoren nicht etabliert ist, wurden Prim{\"a}rkulturen aus verschiedenen WT-Proben angelegt. Kulturen aus Tumorgewebe von 12 Patienten mit unterschiedlichen genetischen Ver{\"a}nderungen konnten als echte Tumorzellen validiert werden. Zwei Zelltypen ließen sich morphologisch und immunhistochemisch unterscheiden: Zum einen runde, langsam wachsende Zellen mit Epithelcharakter und zum anderen fibroblasten{\"a}hnliche Zellen, welche weniger differenziert waren und h{\"a}ufig f{\"u}r viele Passagen kultiviert werden konnten. Somit wurde ein Set verschiedener WT-Prim{\"a}rkulturen etabliert, welches nun f{\"u}r in vitro-Experimente zur Untersuchung grundlegender Mechanismen der WT-Entstehung oder zum Test neuer Therapieans{\"a}tze eingesetzt werden kann. Fr{\"u}here Microarray-Analysen deuteten auf eine Deregulation des Retins{\"a}ure (RA)-Signalwegs in fortgeschrittenen Wilms Tumoren hin. Diese Ergebnisse sollten in einem großen unabh{\"a}ngigen Proben-Set mittels Realtime-RT-PCR validiert werden. Eine Deregulation des RA-Signalwegs und die {\"U}berexpression von NMYC wurden f{\"u}r Tumoren der Hochrisikogruppe im Vergleich zu Tumoren mit geringem/mittlerem Risiko nachgewiesen. So stellte sich die Frage, ob Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem WT von einem Retins{\"a}ure-Einsatz in der Therapie profitieren k{\"o}nnten. Um dies zu beantworten, wurde der Effekt von verschiedenen Retinoiden auf WT-Prim{\"a}rkulturen untersucht. Die WT-Zellen wurden mit all-trans RA (ATRA), 9cisRA, dem synthetischen Retinoid Fenretinid (4HPR) und Kombinationen von ATRA bzw. 4HPR und einem HDAC-Inhibitor (SAHA) behandelt. Gene, welche in Hochrisiko-WT differenziell reguliert waren, wurden untersucht und zeigten nach RA-Behandlung eine entgegengesetzte Expression. In sechs der sieben verwendeten Prim{\"a}rkulturen wurde eine RA-vermittelte Proliferationsreduktion nachgewiesen. F{\"u}r die Kombinationen von Retinoiden mit SAHA wurden keine synergistischen Effekte beobachtet. W{\"a}hrend Fenretinid in den meisten Kulturen Apoptose induzierte, verursachten ATRA und 9cisRA morphologische Ver{\"a}nderungen, welche auf Differenzierungsvorg{\"a}nge hindeuteten. Eine Microarray-Analyse ATRA-behandelter WT-Zellen zeigte die differenzielle Regulation vieler Gene, welche eine Rolle in der Bildung der extrazellul{\"a}ren Matrix oder bei Differenzierungsvorg{\"a}ngen von Knochen-, Knorpel-, Nerven- oder Muskelgewebe spielen. Diese Befunde bieten einen weiteren Hinweis darauf, dass Retinoide f{\"u}r den Einsatz in der Therapie des Nephroblastoms geeignet sein k{\"o}nnten.},
  subject      = {Nephroblastom},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WegenerKarsaiPollaketal.2013,
  author    = {Wegener, Christian and Karsai, Gergely and Poll{\´a}k, Edit and Wacker, Matthias and V{\"o}mel, Matthias and Selcho, Mareike and Berta, Gergely and Nachman, Ronald J. and Isaac, R. Elwyn and Moln{\´a}r, L{\´a}szl{\´o}},
  title     = {Diverse in- and output polarities and high complexity of local synaptic and non-synaptic signaling within a chemically defined class of peptidergic Drosophila neurons},
  series = {Frontiers in Neural Circuits},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Neural Circuits},
  doi       = {10.3389/fncir.2013.00127},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96914},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Peptidergic neurons are not easily integrated into current connectomics concepts, since their peptide messages can be distributed via non-synaptic paracrine signaling or volume transmission. Moreover, the polarity of peptidergic interneurons in terms of in- and out-put sites can be hard to predict and is very little explored. We describe in detail the morphology and the subcellular distribution of fluorescent vesicle/dendrite markers in CCAP neurons (NCCAP), a well defined set of peptidergic neurons in the Drosophila larva. NCCAP can be divided into five morphologically distinct subsets. In contrast to other subsets, serial homologous interneurons in the ventral ganglion show a mixed localization of in- and output markers along ventral neurites that defy a classification as dendritic or axonal compartments. Ultrastructurally, these neurites contain both pre- and postsynaptic sites preferably at varicosities. A significant portion of the synaptic events are due to reciprocal synapses. Peptides are mostly non-synaptically or parasynaptically released, and dense-core vesicles and synaptic vesicle pools are typically well separated. The responsiveness of the NCCAP to ecdysis-triggering hormone may be at least partly dependent on a tonic synaptic inhibition, and is independent of ecdysteroids. Our results reveal a remarkable variety and complexity of local synaptic circuitry within a chemically defined set of peptidergic neurons. Synaptic transmitter signaling as well as peptidergic paracrine signaling and volume transmission from varicosities can be main signaling modes of peptidergic interneurons depending on the subcellular region. The possibility of region-specific variable signaling modes should be taken into account in connectomic studies that aim to dissect the circuitry underlying insect behavior and physiology, in which peptidergic neurons act as important regulators.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WegenerChen2022,
  author    = {Wegener, Christian and Chen, Jiangtian},
  title     = {Allatostatin A signalling: progress and new challenges from a paradigmatic pleiotropic invertebrate neuropeptide family},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2022.920529},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278749},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Neuropeptides have gained broad attraction in insect neuroscience and physiology, as new genetic tools are increasingly uncovering their wide-ranging pleiotropic functions with high cellular resolution. Allatostatin A (AstA) peptides constitute one of the best studied insect neuropeptide families. In insects and other panarthropods, AstA peptides qualify as brain-gut peptides and have regained attention with the discovery of their role in regulating feeding, growth, activity/sleep and learning. AstA receptor homologs are found throughout the protostomia and group with vertebrate somatostatin/galanin/kisspeptin receptors. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the evolution and the pleiotropic and cell-specific non-allatostatic functions of AstA. We speculate about the core functions of AstA signalling, and derive open questions and challengesfor future research on AstA and invertebrate neuropeptides in general.},
  language  = {en}
}