@article{HruschkaAppel2023,
  author    = {Hruschka, Timon M. J. and Appel, Markus},
  title     = {Learning about informal fallacies and the detection of fake news: an experimental intervention},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0283238},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350404},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The philosophical concept of informal fallacies-arguments that fail to provide sufficient support for a claim-is introduced and connected to the topic of fake news detection. We assumed that the ability to identify informal fallacies can be trained and that this ability enables individuals to better distinguish between fake news and real news. We tested these assumptions in a two-group between-participants experiment (N = 116). The two groups participated in a 30-minute-long text-based learning intervention: either about informal fallacies or about fake news. Learning about informal fallacies enhanced participants' ability to identify fallacious arguments one week later. Furthermore, the ability to identify fallacious arguments was associated with a better discernment between real news and fake news. Participants in the informal fallacy intervention group and the fake news intervention group performed equally well on the news discernment task. The contribution of (identifying) informal fallacies for research and practice is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EderRothermundDeHouwer2013,
  author    = {Eder, Andreas B. and Rothermund, Klaus and De Houwer, Jan},
  title     = {Affective Compatibility between Stimuli and Response Goals: A Primer for a New Implicit Measure of Attitudes},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0079210},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129872},
  pages     = {e79210},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {We examined whether a voluntary response becomes associated with the (affective) meaning of intended response effects. Four experiments revealed that coupling a keypress with positive or negative consequences produces affective compatibility effects when the keypress has to be executed in response to positively or negatively evaluated stimulus categories. In Experiment 1, positive words were evaluated faster with a keypress that turned the words ON (versus OFF), whereas negative words were evaluated faster with a keypress that turned the words OFF (versus ON). Experiment 2 showed that this compatibility effect is reversed if an aversive tone is turned ON and OFF with keypresses. Experiment 3 revealed that keypresses acquire an affective meaning even when the association between the responses and their effects is variable and intentionally reconfigured before each trial. Experiment 4 used affective response effects to assess implicit ingroup favoritism, showing that the measure is sensitive to the valence of categories and not to the valence of exemplars. Results support the hypothesis that behavioral reactions become associated with the affective meaning of the intended response goal, which has important implications for the understanding and construction of implicit attitude measures.},
  language  = {en}
}