@article{GoepelBiehlKissleretal.2011,
  author    = {Goepel, Johanna and Biehl, Stefanie C. and Kissler, Johanna and Paul-Jordanov, Isabelle},
  title     = {Pro- and antisaccades in children elicited by visual and acoustic targets - does modality matter?},
  series = {BMC Pediatrics},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {BMC Pediatrics},
  number    = {116},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2431-11-116},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141807},
  pages     = {1-8},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background: Children are able to inhibit a prepotent reaction to suddenly arising visual stimuli, although this skill is not yet as pronounced as it is in adulthood. However, up to now the inhibition mechanism to acoustic stimuli has been scarcely investigated Methods: Reflexive (prosaccade) and inhibitory (antisaccade) responses to visual and acoustic targets were examined with an eye tracker system in 31 children between seven and twelve years of age using a gap-overlap task and two target eccentricities. Results: Acoustically cued saccades had longer reaction times than visually cued saccades. A gap effect (i.e., shorter reaction time in the gap than the overlap condition) was only found for visually elicited saccades, whereas an eccentricity effect (i.e., faster saccades to more laterally presented targets - 12 degrees vs. 6 degrees or rather 90 degrees vs. 45 degrees) was only present in the acoustic condition. Longer reaction times of antisaccades compared to prosaccades were found only in the visual task. Across both tasks the typical pattern of elevated error rates in the antisaccade condition was found. Antisaccade errors declined with age, indicating an ongoing development of inhibitory functions. Conclusions: The present results lay the ground for further studies of acoustically triggered saccades in typically as well as atypically developing children and it might thus be possible to upgrade physiological diagnostic tools.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BiehlDreslerReifetal.2011,
  author    = {Biehl, Stefanie C. and Dresler, Thomas and Reif, Andreas and Scheuerpflug, Peter and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Herrmann, Martin J.},
  title     = {Dopamine Transporter (DAT1) and Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4) Genotypes Differentially Impact on Electrophysiological Correlates of Error Processing},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0028396},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137930},
  pages     = {e28396},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Recent studies as well as theoretical models of error processing assign fundamental importance to the brain's dopaminergic system. Research about how the electrophysiological correlates of error processing—the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe)—are influenced by variations of common dopaminergic genes, however, is still relatively scarce. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether polymorphisms in the DAT1 gene and in the DRD4 gene, respectively, lead to interindividual differences in these error processing correlates. One hundred sixty participants completed a version of the Eriksen Flanker Task while a 26-channel EEG was recorded. The task was slightly modified in order to increase error rates. During data analysis, participants were split into two groups depending on their DAT1 and their DRD4 genotypes, respectively. ERN and Pe amplitudes after correct responses and after errors as well as difference amplitudes between errors and correct responses were analyzed. We found a differential effect of DAT1 genotype on the Pe difference amplitude but not on the ERN difference amplitude, while the reverse was true for DRD4 genotype. These findings are in line with predictions from theoretical models of dopaminergic transmission in the brain. They furthermore tie results from clinical investigations of disorders impacting on the dopamine system to genetic variations known to be at-risk genotypes.},
  language  = {en}
}