@article{GueldenpenningKoesterKundeetal.2011,
  author    = {G{\"u}ldenpenning, Iris and Koester, Dirk and Kunde, Wilfried and Weigelt, Matthias and Schack, Thomas},
  title     = {Motor expertise modulates the unconscious processing of human body postures},
  series = {Experimental Brain Research},
  volume    = {213},
  journal   = {Experimental Brain Research},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00221-011-2788-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141089},
  pages     = {383-391},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Little is known about the cognitive background of unconscious visuomotor control of complex sports movements. Therefore, we investigated the extent to which novices and skilled high-jump athletes are able to identify visually presented body postures of the high jump unconsciously. We also asked whether or not the manner of processing differs (qualitatively or quantitatively) between these groups as a function of their motor expertise. A priming experiment with not consciously perceivable stimuli was designed to determine whether subliminal priming of movement phases (same vs. different movement phases) or temporal order (i.e. natural vs. reversed movement order) affects target processing. Participants had to decide which phase of the high jump (approach vs. flight phase) a target photograph was taken from. We found a main effect of temporal order for skilled athletes, that is, faster reaction times for prime-target pairs that reflected the natural movement order as opposed to the reversed movement order. This result indicates that temporal-order information pertaining to the domain of expertise plays a critical role in athletes' perceptual capacities. For novices, data analyses revealed an interaction between temporal order and movement phases. That is, only the reversed movement order of flight-approach pictures increased processing time. Taken together, the results suggest that the structure of cognitive movement representation modulates unconscious processing of movement pictures and points to a functional role of motor representations in visual perception.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReussPohlKieseletal.2011,
  author    = {Reuss, Heiko and Pohl, Carsten and Kiesel, Andrea and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Follow the sign! Top-down contingent attentional capture of masked arrow cues},
  series = {Advances in Cognitive Psychology},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Advances in Cognitive Psychology},
  doi       = {10.2478/v10053-008-0091-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140030},
  pages     = {82-91},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Arrow cues and other overlearned spatial symbols automatically orient attention according to their spatial meaning. This renders them similar to exogenous cues that occur at stimulus location. Exogenous cues trigger shifts of attention even when they are presented subliminally. Here, we investigate to what extent the mechanisms underlying the orienting of attention by exogenous cues and by arrow cues are comparable by analyzing the effects of visible and masked arrow cues on attention. In Experiment 1, we presented arrow cues with overall 50\% validity. Visible cues, but not masked cues, lead to shifts of attention. In Experiment 2, the arrow cues had an overall validity of 80\%. Now both visible and masked arrows lead to shifts of attention. This is in line with findings that subliminal exogenous cues capture attention only in a top-down contingent manner, that is, when the cues fit the observer's intentions.},
  language  = {en}
}