@article{GroeberSchoberSchmidetal.2016,
  author    = {Groeber, Florian and Schober, Lena and Schmid, Freia F. and Traube, Andrea and Kolbus-Hernandez, Silvia and Daton, Karolina and Hoffmann, Sebastian and Petersohn, Dirk and Schaefer-Korting, Monika and Walles, Heike and Mewes, Karsten R.},
  title     = {Catch-up validation study of an in vitro skin irritation test method based on an open source reconstructed epidermis (phase II)},
  series = {Toxicology in Vitro},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Toxicology in Vitro},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.008},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187311},
  pages     = {254-261},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {To replace the Draize skin irritation assay (OECD guideline 404) several test methods based on reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) have been developed and were adopted in the OECD test guideline 439. However, all validated test methods in the guideline are linked to RHE provided by only three companies. Thus,the availability of these test models is dependent on the commercial interest of the producer. To overcome this limitation and thus to increase the accessibility of in vitro skin irritation testing, an open source reconstructed epidermis (OS-REp) was introduced. To demonstrate the capacity of the OS-REp in regulatory risk assessment, a catch-up-validation study was performed. The participating laboratories used in-house generated OS-REp to assess the set of 20 reference substances according to the performance standards amending the OECD test guideline 439. Testing was performed under blinded conditions. The within-laboratory reproducibility of 87\% and the inter-laboratory reproducibility of 85\% prove a high reliability of irritancy testing using the OS-REp protocol. In addition, the prediction capacity was with an accuracy of 80\% comparable to previous published RHE based test protocols. Taken together the results indicate that the OS-REp test method can be used as a standalone alternative skin irritation test replacing the OECD test guideline 404.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrendtkeWiehlGroeberetal.2016,
  author    = {Brendtke, Rico and Wiehl, Michael and Groeber, Florian and Schwarz, Thomas and Walles, Heike and Hansmann, Jan},
  title     = {Feasibility Study on a Microwave-Based Sensor for Measuring Hydration Level Using Human Skin Models},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0153145},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179934},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Tissue dehydration results in three major types of exsiccosis—hyper-, hypo-, or isonatraemia. All three types entail alterations of salt concentrations leading to impaired biochemical processes, and can finally cause severe morbidity. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a microwave-based sensor technology for the non-invasive measurement of the hydration status. Electromagnetic waves at high frequencies interact with molecules, especially water. Hence, if a sample contains free water molecules, this can be detected in a reflected microwave signal. To develop the sensor system, human three-dimensional skin equivalents were instituted as a standardized test platform mimicking reproducible exsiccosis scenarios. Therefore, skin equivalents with a specific hydration and density of matrix components were generated and microwave measurements were performed. Hydration-specific spectra allowed deriving the hydration state of the skin models. A further advantage of the skin equivalents was the characterization of the impact of distinct skin components on the measured signals to investigate mechanisms of signal generation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of a non-invasive microwave-based hydration sensor technology. The sensor bears potential to be integrated in a wearable medical device for personal health monitoring.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GroeberEngelhardtLangeetal.2016,
  author    = {Groeber, Florian and Engelhardt, Lisa and Lange, Julia and Kurdyn, Szymon and Schmid, Freia F. and R{\"u}cker, Christoph and Mielke, Stephan and Walles, Heike and Hansmann, Jan},
  title     = {A First Vascularized Skin Equivalent as an Alternative to Animal Experimentation},
  series = {ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.14573/altex.1604041},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164438},
  pages     = {415-422},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Tissue-engineered skin equivalents mimic key aspects of the human skin, and can thus be employed as wound coverage for large skin defects or as in vitro test systems as an alternative to animal models. However, current skin equivalents lack a functional vasculature limiting clinical and research applications. This study demonstrates the generation of a vascularized skin equivalent with a perfused vascular network by combining a biological vascularized scaffold (BioVaSc) based on a decellularized segment of a porcine jejunum and a tailored bioreactor system. Briefly, the BioVaSc was seeded with human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and human microvascular endothelial cells. After 14 days at the air-liquid interface, hematoxylin \& eosin and immunohistological staining revealed a specific histological architecture representative of the human dermis and epidermis including a papillary-like architecture at the dermal-epidermal-junction. The formation of the skin barrier was measured non-destructively using impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, endothelial cells lined the walls of the formed vessels that could be perfused with a physiological volume flow. Due to the presence of a complex in-vivo-like vasculature, the here shown skin equivalent has the potential for skin grafting and represents a sophisticated in vitro model for dermatological research.},
  language  = {en}
}