@article{MuthWirthKunde2021,
  author    = {Muth, Felicitas V. and Wirth, Robert and Kunde, Winfried},
  title     = {Temporal binding past the Libet clock: testing design factors for an auditory timer},
  series = {Behavior Research Methods},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Behavior Research Methods},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13428-020-01474-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234922},
  pages     = {1322-1341},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Voluntary actions and causally linked sensory stimuli are perceived to be shifted towards each other in time. This so-called temporal binding is commonly assessed in paradigms using the Libet Clock. In such experiments, participants have to estimate the timing of actions performed or ensuing sensory stimuli (usually tones) by means of a rotating clock hand presented on a screen. The aforementioned task setup is however ill-suited for many conceivable setups, especially when they involve visual effects. To address this shortcoming, the line of research presented here establishes an alternative measure for temporal binding by using a sequence of timed sounds. This method uses an auditory timer, a sequence of letters presented during task execution, which serve as anchors for temporal judgments. In four experiments, we manipulated four design factors of this auditory timer, namely interval length, interval filling, sequence predictability, and sequence length, to determine the most effective and economic method for measuring temporal binding with an auditory timer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzWeller2023,
  author    = {Schwarz, Katharina A. and Weller, Lisa},
  title     = {Distracted to a fault: attention, actions, and time perception},
  series = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics},
  volume    = {85},
  journal   = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13414-022-02632-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324936},
  pages     = {301-314},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {In the last years, it has become general consensus that actions change our time perception. Performing an action to elicit a specific event seems to lead to a systematic underestimation of the interval between action and effect, a phenomenon termed temporal (or previously intentional) binding. Temporal binding has been closely associated with sense of agency, our perceived control over our actions and our environment, and because of its robust behavioral effects has indeed been widely utilized as an implicit correlate of sense of agency. The most robust and clear temporal binding effects are typically found via Libet clock paradigms. In the present study, we investigate a crucial methodological confound in these paradigms that provides an alternative explanation for temporal binding effects: a redirection of attentional resources in two-event sequences (as in classical operant conditions) versus singular events (as in classical baseline conditions). Our results indicate that binding effects in Libet clock paradigms may be based to a large degree on such attentional processes, irrespective of intention or action-effect sequences. Thus, these findings challenge many of the previously drawn conclusions and interpretations with regard to actions and time perception.},
  language  = {en}
}