@phdthesis{Blasshofer2009, author = {Blaßhofer, Sophia Katharina Charlotte}, title = {Rezidivmuster bei Kindern mit Medulloblastom}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38636}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, das Rezidivmuster der Medulloblastome aufzuzeigen. Die Bedeutung prognostischer Faktoren, wie Therapie oder initiale Erkrankungsausdehnung soll im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten eines Rezidivs oder einer Progression n{\"a}her untersucht werden. Es handelt sich um ein Patientenkollektiv von 40 Kindern mit einem Rezidiv eines Medulloblastoms. Die Patienten sind Teil des HIT 2000 Kollektivs, ein Patient war Teil der HIT ´91 Studie, 7 waren Beobachtungspatienten. Die Altersverteilung der Rezidivpatienten unterschied sich von der Altersverteilung aller HIT 2000-Studienpatienten. Die Patienten in der Gruppe der unter Vierj{\"a}hrigen mit einem Rezidiv waren signifikant j{\"u}nger als die des gesamten Kollektivs unter vier Jahren. Bei den {\"a}lteren Kindern war der Unterschied nicht signifikant. Von insgesamt 40 Kindern fanden sich acht Patienten mit Lokalrezidiv (20\%) und 32 Patienten mit einem Rezidiv in Form einer Meningeose (80\%). Bei Patienten mit Lokalrezidiv zeigte ein postoperativ verbliebener Resttumor keinen Einfluß auf das Entstehen eines Lokalrezidivs. 100\% der Patienten, die Angaben zu einem verbliebenen Resttumor hatten, waren S0 reseziert. F{\"u}nf der acht Kinder wurden aufgrund ihres jungen Alters nicht bestrahlt. 32 Patienten (80\%) zeigten eine Meningeose als Rezidiv auf. 73,3\% der Patienten wiesen bereits initial eine Disseminationen in den Meningen auf. 50\% der Patienten (n=16) boten die Dissemination im frontalen oder frontobasalen Bereich. Alle lokal begrenzten, frontalen Meningeoseherde traten an einer vorher nicht betroffenen Stelle auf. Es ließen sich keine Hinweise auf eine Unterdosierung der Radiatio als Ursache finden. Ein Einfluß der Chemotherapie unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der durch die Liquorzirkulation bedingten Schwankungen in den Wirkspiegeln bleibt zu kl{\"a}ren und wird Gegenstand weiterer Studien sein m{\"u}ssen.}, subject = {Rezidiv}, language = {de} } @article{BiedererMirsadraeeBeeretal.2012, author = {Biederer, J{\"u}rgen and Mirsadraee, S. and Beer, M. and Molinari, F. and Hintze, C. and Bauman, G. and Both, M. and Van Beek, E. J. R. and Wild, J. and Puderbach, M.}, title = {MRI of the lung (3/3)—current applications and future perspectives}, series = {Insights into Imaging}, volume = {3}, journal = {Insights into Imaging}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1007/s13244-011-0142-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124348}, pages = {373-386}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background MRI of the lung is recommended in a number of clinical indications. Having a non-radiation alternative is particularly attractive in children and young subjects, or pregnant women. Methods Provided there is sufficient expertise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be considered as the preferential modality in specific clinical conditions such as cystic fibrosis and acute pulmonary embolism, since additional functional information on respiratory mechanics and regional lung perfusion is provided. In other cases, such as tumours and pneumonia in children, lung MRI may be considered an alternative or adjunct to other modalities with at least similar diagnostic value. Results In interstitial lung disease, the clinical utility of MRI remains to be proven, but it could provide additional information that will be beneficial in research, or at some stage in clinical practice. Customised protocols for chest imaging combine fast breath-hold acquisitions from a "buffet" of sequences. Having introduced details of imaging protocols in previous articles, the aim of this manuscript is to discuss the advantages and limitations of lung MRI in current clinical practice. Conclusion New developments and future perspectives such as motion-compensated imaging with self-navigated sequences or fast Fourier decomposition MRI for non-contrast enhanced ventilation- and perfusion-weighted imaging of the lung are discussed. Main Messages • MRI evolves as a third lung imaging modality, combining morphological and functional information. • It may be considered first choice in cystic fibrosis and pulmonary embolism of young and pregnant patients. • In other cases (tumours, pneumonia in children), it is an alternative or adjunct to X-ray and CT. • In interstitial lung disease, it serves for research, but the clinical value remains to be proven. • New users are advised to make themselves familiar with the particular advantages and limitations.}, language = {en} } @article{BiedererBeerHirschetal.2012, author = {Biederer, J. and Beer, M. and Hirsch, W. and Wild, J. and Fabel, M. and Puderbach, M. and Van Beek, E. J. R.}, title = {MRI of the lung (2/3). Why … when … how?}, series = {Insights into Imaging}, volume = {3}, journal = {Insights into Imaging}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1007/s13244-011-0146-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124268}, pages = {355-371}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background Among the modalities for lung imaging, proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the latest to be introduced into clinical practice. Its value to replace X-ray and computed tomography (CT) when radiation exposure or iodinated contrast material is contra-indicated is well acknowledged: i.e. for paediatric patients and pregnant women or for scientific use. One of the reasons why MRI of the lung is still rarely used, except in a few centres, is the lack of consistent protocols customised to clinical needs. Methods This article makes non-vendor-specific protocol suggestions for general use with state-of-the-art MRI scanners, based on the available literature and a consensus discussion within a panel of experts experienced in lung MRI. Results Various sequences have been successfully tested within scientific or clinical environments. MRI of the lung with appropriate combinations of these sequences comprises morphological and functional imaging aspects in a single examination. It serves in difficult clinical problems encountered in daily routine, such as assessment of the mediastinum and chest wall, and even might challenge molecular imaging techniques in the near future. Conclusion This article helps new users to implement appropriate protocols on their own MRI platforms. Main Messages • MRI of the lung can be readily performed on state-of-the-art 1.5-T MRI scanners. • Protocol suggestions based on the available literature facilitate its use for routine • MRI offers solutions for complicated thoracic masses with atelectasis and chest wall invasion. • MRI is an option for paediatrics and science when CT is contra-indicated}, language = {en} } @article{BaurSchedelbeckPulzeretal.2015, author = {Baur, Johannes and Schedelbeck, Ulla and Pulzer, Alina and Bluemel, Christina and Wild, Vanessa and Fassnacht, Martin and Steger, U.}, title = {A case report of a solitary pancreatic metastasis of an adrenocortical carcinoma}, series = {BMC Surgery}, volume = {15}, journal = {BMC Surgery}, number = {93}, doi = {10.1186/s12893-015-0076-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126130}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background Solitary metastases to the pancreas are rare. Therefore the value of resection in curative intention remains unclear. In the literature there are several promising reports about resection of solitary metastasis to the pancreas mainly of renal origin. Case presentation Here we report for the first time on the surgical therapy of a 1.5 cm solitary pancreatic metastasis of an adrenocortical carcinoma. The metastasis occurred almost 6 years after resection of the primary tumor. A partial pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and postoperatively adjuvant mitotane treatment was initiated. During the follow-up of 3 years after surgery no evidence of tumor recurrence occurred. Conclusion Resection of pancreatic tumors should be considered, even if the mass is suspicious for metastatic disease including recurrence of adrenocortical cancer.}, language = {en} } @article{BaurRitterGermeretal.2016, author = {Baur, Johannes and Ritter, Christian O. and Germer, Christoph-Thomas and Klein, Ingo and Kickuth, Ralph and Steger, Ulrich}, title = {Transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads versus conventional transarterial chemoembolization in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma}, series = {Hepatic Medicine}, volume = {2016}, journal = {Hepatic Medicine}, number = {8}, doi = {10.2147/HMER.S105395}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146553}, pages = {69-74}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Purpose: In hepatocellular carcinoma patients with large or multinodal tumors, where curative treatment options are not feasible, transarterial therapies play a major role. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) is a promising new approach due to higher intratumoral and lower systemic concentration of the chemotherapeutic agent compared to conventional TACE (cTACE). Patients and methods: In a retrospective analysis, 32 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received either DEB or a cTACE were compared regarding survival time, disease recurrence, and side effects such as pain and fever. Results: No significant differences could be detected between the cTACE and DEB-TACE groups with regard to mean hospital stay, appearance of postinterventional fever, or 30-day mortality. However, the application of intravenous analgesics as postinterventional pain medication was needed more often in patients treated with DEB-TACE (57.1\% vs 12.5\%, P=0.0281). The overall median survival after the initial procedure was 10.8 months in the cTACE group and 9.2 months in the DEB-TACE group, showing no significant difference. Conclusion: No survival benefit for patients treated with either DEB-TACE or cTACE was observed. Surprisingly, a higher rate of postinterventional pain could be detected after DEB-TACE.}, language = {en} } @article{BartmannJanakiRamanFloeteretal.2018, author = {Bartmann, Catharina and Janaki Raman, Sudha R. and Fl{\"o}ter, Jessica and Schulze, Almut and Bahlke, Katrin and Willingstorfer, Jana and Strunz, Maria and W{\"o}ckel, Achim and Klement, Rainer J. and Kapp, Michaela and Djuzenova, Cholpon S. and Otto, Christoph and K{\"a}mmerer, Ulrike}, title = {Beta-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) can influence the energetic phenotype of breast cancer cells, but does not impact their proliferation and the response to chemotherapy or radiation}, series = {Cancer \& Metabolism}, volume = {6}, journal = {Cancer \& Metabolism}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1186/s40170-018-0180-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175607}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Ketogenic diets (KDs) or short-term fasting are popular trends amongst supportive approaches for cancer patients. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) is the main physiological ketone body, whose concentration can reach plasma levels of 2-6 mM during KDs or fasting. The impact of 3-OHB on the biology of tumor cells described so far is contradictory. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a physiological concentration of 3 mM 3-OHB on metabolism, proliferation, and viability of breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro. Methods: Seven different human BC cell lines (BT20, BT474, HBL100, MCF-7, MDA-MB 231, MDA-MB 468, and T47D) were cultured in medium with 5 mM glucose in the presence of 3 mM 3-OHB at mild hypoxia (5\% oxygen) or normoxia (21\% oxygen). Metabolic profiling was performed by quantification of the turnover of glucose, lactate, and 3-OHB and by Seahorse metabolic flux analysis. Expression of key enzymes of ketolysis as well as the main monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT2 and the glucose-transporter GLUT1 was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The effect of 3-OHB on short- and long-term cell proliferation as well as chemo- and radiosensitivity were also analyzed. Results: 3-OHB significantly changed the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in BT20 cells resulting in a more oxidative energetic phenotype. MCF-7 and MDA-MB 468 cells had increased ECAR only in response to 3-OHB, while the other three cell types remained uninfluenced. All cells expressed MCT2 and GLUT1, thus being able to uptake the metabolites. The consumption of 3-OHB was not strongly linked to mRNA overexpression of key enzymes of ketolysis and did not correlate with lactate production and glucose consumption. Neither 3-OHB nor acetoacetate did interfere with proliferation. Further, 3-OHB incubation did not modify the response of the tested BC cell lines to chemotherapy or radiation. Conclusions: We found that a physiological level of 3-OHB can change the energetic profile of some BC cell lines. However, 3-OHB failed to influence different biologic processes in these cells, e.g., cell proliferation and the response to common breast cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, we have no evidence that 3-OHB generally influences the biology of breast cancer cells in vitro.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Baldauf2019, author = {Baldauf, Tobias}, title = {Radiologischer Routineultraschall bei Verdacht auf Appendizitis: Retrospektive Analyse der diagnostischen Wertigkeit}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-19223}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192231}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Der allgemeinradiologische Ultraschall leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag in der Routinediagnostik der akuten Appendizitis bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Die Zusammenschau aller verf{\"u}gbaren diagnostischen Befunde sollte zur Entscheidung f{\"u}r oder gegen eine Operation herangezogen werden. Die sonographische Untersuchung kann dazu beitragen, die Negativ Appendektomierate zu senken.}, language = {de} } @article{AugustinWolfschmidtElsaesseretal.2022, author = {Augustin, Anne Marie and Wolfschmidt, Franziska and Els{\"a}sser, Thilo and Sauer, Alexander and Dierks, Alexander and Bley, Thorsten Alexander and Kickuth, Ralph}, title = {Color-coded summation images for the evaluation of blood flow in endovascular aortic dissection fenestration}, series = {BMC Medical Imaging}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC Medical Imaging}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1186/s12880-022-00744-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301107}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background To analyze the benefit of color-coded summation images in the assessment of target lumen perfusion in patients with aortic dissection and malperfusion syndrome before and after fluoroscopy-guided aortic fenestration. Methods Between December 2011 and April 2020 25 patients with Stanford type A (n = 13) or type B dissection (n = 12) and malperfusion syndromes were treated with fluoroscopy-guided fenestration of the dissection flap using a re-entry catheter. The procedure was technically successful in 100\% of the cases and included additional iliofemoral stent implantation in four patients. Intraprocedural systolic blood pressure measurements for gradient evaluation were performed in 19 cases. Post-processed color-coded DSA images were obtained from all DSA series before and following fenestration. Differences in time to peak (dTTP) values in the compromised aortic lumen and transluminal systolic blood pressure gradients were analyzed retrospectively. Correlation analysis between dTTP and changes in blood pressure gradients was performed. Results Mean TTP prior to dissection flap fenestration was 6.85 ± 1.35 s. After fenestration, mean TTP decreased significantly to 4.96 ± 0.94 s (p < 0.001). Available systolic blood pressure gradients between the true and the false lumen were reduced by a median of 4.0 mmHg following fenestration (p = 0.031), with significant reductions in Stanford type B dissections (p = 0.013) and minor reductions in type A dissections (p = 0.530). A moderate correlation with no statistical significance was found between dTTP and the difference in systolic blood pressure (r = 0.226; p = 0.351). Conclusions Hemodynamic parameters obtained from color-coded DSA confirmed a significant reduction of TTP values in the aortic target lumen in terms of an improved perfusion in the compromised aortic region. Color-coded DSA might thus be a suitable complementary tool in the assessment of complex vascular patterns prevailing in aortic dissections, especially when blood pressure measurements are not conclusive or feasible.}, language = {en} } @article{AugustinWelschBleyetal.2021, author = {Augustin, Anne Marie and Welsch, Stefan and Bley, Thorsten Alexander and Lopau, Kai and Kickuth, Ralph}, title = {Color-coded summation images in the evaluation of renal artery stenosis before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty}, series = {BMC Medical Imaging}, volume = {21}, journal = {BMC Medical Imaging}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1186/s12880-020-00540-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259086}, pages = {21}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Endovascular therapy is the gold standard in patients with hemodynamic relevant renal artery stenosis (RAS) resistant to medical therapy. The severity grading of the stenosis as well as the result assessment after endovascular approach is predominantly based on visible estimations of the anatomic appearance. We aim to investigate the application of color-coded DSA parameters to gain hemodynamic information during endovascular renal artery interventions and for the assessment of the procedures technical success. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 32 patients who underwent endovascular renal artery revascularization and applied color-coded summation imaging on selected monochromatic DSA images. The differences in time to peak (dTTP) of contrast enhancement in predefined anatomical measuring points were analyzed. Furthermore, differences in systolic blood pressure values (SBP) and serum creatinine were obtained. The value of underlying diabetes mellitus as a predictor for clinical outcome was assessed. Correlation analysis between the patients gender as well as the presence of diabetes mellitus and dTTP was performed. Results: Endovascular revascularization resulted in statistically significant improvement in 4/7 regions of interest. Highly significant improvement of perfusion in terms of shortened TTP values could be found at the segmental artery level and in the intrastenotical segment (p<0.001), significant improvement prestenotical and in the apical renal parenchyma (p<0.05). In the other anatomic regions, differences revealed not to be significant. Differences between SBP and serum creatinine levels before and after the procedure were significant (p=0.004 and 0.0004). Patients ' gender as well as the presence of diabetes mellitus did not reveal to be predictors for the clinical success of the procedure. Furthermore, diabetes and gender did not show relevant correlation with dTTP in the parenchymal measuring points. Conclusions: The supplementary use of color-coding DSA and the data gained from parametric images may provide helpful information in the evaluation of the procedures ' technical success. The segmental artery might be a particularly suitable vascular territory for analyzing differences in blood flow characteristics. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to further confirm the diagnostic value of this technique.}, language = {en} } @article{AugustinLuciusThurneretal.2022, author = {Augustin, Anne Marie and Lucius, Leonie Johanna and Thurner, Annette and Kickuth, Ralph}, title = {Malignant obstruction of the inferior vena cava: clinical experience with the self-expanding Sinus-XL stent system}, series = {Abdominal Radiology}, volume = {47}, journal = {Abdominal Radiology}, number = {10}, doi = {10.1007/s00261-022-03587-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324951}, pages = {3604-3614}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Purpose To evaluate the technical and clinical outcome of Sinus-XL stent placement in patients with malignant obstruction syndrome of the inferior vena cava. Methods Between October 2010 and January 2021, 21 patients with different malignant primary disease causing inferior vena cava obstruction were treated with Sinus-XL stent implantation. Procedural data, technical and clinical outcome parameters were retrospectively analyzed. Results Technical success was 100\%. Analysis of available manometry data revealed a significant reduction of the mean translesional pressure gradient following the procedure (p = 0.008). Reintervention rate was 4.8\% (1/21). The available follow-up imaging studies showed primary and primary-assisted stent patency rates of 93\% (13/14) and 100\% (14/14), respectively. Major complications did not occur. The clinical success regarding lower extremity edema was 82.4\% (14/17) for the first and 85.7\% (18/21) for the last follow-up. Longer lengths of IVC obstruction were associated with reduced clinical improvement after the procedure (p = 0.025). Improvement of intraprocedural manometry results and lower extremity edema revealed only minor correlation. Ascites and anasarca were not significantly positively affected by the procedure. Conclusion Sinus-XL stent placement in patients with malignant inferior vena cava obstruction showed high technical success and low complication rates. Regarding the clinical outcome, significant symptom improvement could be achieved in lower extremity edema, whereas ascites and anasarca lacked satisfying symptom relief. Based on our results, this procedure should be considered as a suitable therapy in a palliative care setting for patients with advanced malignant disease.}, language = {en} } @article{AugustinKertelsWiegeringetal.2022, author = {Augustin, Anne Marie and Kertels, Olivia and Wiegering, Verena and Thurner, Annette and Kickuth, Ralph}, title = {Percutaneous implantation of peripherally inserted totally implantable venous access systems in the forearm in adolescent patients}, series = {Pediatric Radiology}, volume = {52}, journal = {Pediatric Radiology}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1007/s00247-022-05321-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324947}, pages = {1550-1558}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Children with different underlying malignant diseases require long-term central venous access. As for port systems in a pectoral position, peripherally implanted port systems in the forearm revealed high levels of technical and clinical success in adult cohorts. Objective To investigate the technical and clinical outcomes of percutaneous central venous port implantation in the forearm in adolescents. Materials and methods Between April 2010 and August 2020, 32 children ages 9 to 17 years with underlying malignancy received 35 totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) in the forearm. All venous port systems were peripherally inserted under ultrasound guidance. Correct catheter placement was controlled by fluoroscopy. As primary endpoints, the technical success, rate of complications and catheter maintenance were analyzed. Secondary endpoints were the side of implantation, vein of catheter access, laboratory results on the day of the procedure, procedural radiation exposure, amount of contrast agent and reasons for port device removal. Results Percutaneous TIVAP placement under sonographic guidance was technically successful in 34 of 35 procedures (97.1\%). Procedure-related complications did not occur. During the follow-up, 13,684 catheter days were analyzed, revealing 11 complications (0.8 per 1,000 catheter-duration days), Of these 11 complications, 7 were major and 10 occurred late. In seven cases, the port device had to be removed; removal-related complications did not occur. Conclusion Peripheral TIVAP placement in the forearms of children is a feasible, effective and safe technique with good midterm outcome. As results are comparable with standard access routes, this technique may be offered as an alternative when intermittent venous access is required.}, language = {en} } @article{AnkenbrandLohrSchloetelburgetal.2021, author = {Ankenbrand, Markus Johannes and Lohr, David and Schl{\"o}telburg, Wiebke and Reiter, Theresa and Wech, Tobias and Schreiber, Laura Maria}, title = {Deep learning-based cardiac cine segmentation: Transfer learning application to 7T ultrahigh-field MRI}, series = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, volume = {86}, journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.28822}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257604}, pages = {2179-2191}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose Artificial neural networks show promising performance in automatic segmentation of cardiac MRI. However, training requires large amounts of annotated data and generalization to different vendors, field strengths, sequence parameters, and pathologies is limited. Transfer learning addresses this challenge, but specific recommendations regarding type and amount of data required is lacking. In this study, we assess data requirements for transfer learning to experimental cardiac MRI at 7T where the segmentation task can be challenging. In addition, we provide guidelines, tools, and annotated data to enable transfer learning approaches by other researchers and clinicians. Methods A publicly available segmentation model was used to annotate a publicly available data set. This labeled data set was subsequently used to train a neural network for segmentation of left ventricle and myocardium in cardiac cine MRI. The network is used as starting point for transfer learning to 7T cine data of healthy volunteers (n = 22; 7873 images) by updating the pre-trained weights. Structured and random data subsets of different sizes were used to systematically assess data requirements for successful transfer learning. Results Inconsistencies in the publically available data set were corrected, labels created, and a neural network trained. On 7T cardiac cine images the model pre-trained on public imaging data, acquired at 1.5T and 3T, achieved DICE\(_{LV}\) = 0.835 and DICE\(_{MY}\) = 0.670. Transfer learning using 7T cine data and ImageNet weight initialization improved model performance to DICE\(_{LV}\) = 0.900 and DICE\(_{MY}\) = 0.791. Using only end-systolic and end-diastolic images reduced training data by 90\%, with no negative impact on segmentation performance (DICE\(_{LV}\) = 0.908, DICE\(_{MY}\) = 0.805). Conclusions This work demonstrates and quantifies the benefits of transfer learning for cardiac cine image segmentation. We provide practical guidelines for researchers planning transfer learning projects in cardiac MRI and make data, models, and code publicly available.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Amari2003, author = {Amari, Feriel}, title = {Magnetresonanzangiographie der Becken- und Beingef{\"a}ße}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4559}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2003}, abstract = {In einem Zeitraum von Oktober 1997 bis Mai 1998 werden an 19 Patienten 22 Untersuchungen der Becken- und Bein-Arterien sowohl in MRA-Technik als auch als i.a. DSA durchgef{\"u}hrt. Hierbei finden im Rahmen der MRA-Untersuchung in allen F{\"a}llen die zeitaufgel{\"o}ste, Kontrastmittel-unterst{\"u}tzte 3d-Flash-Sequenz und die EKG-getriggerte 2d-Flash-Multivenc-Pha-senkontrast-Sequenz Anwendung. Beide Methoden werden in der Diagnostik der pAVK von der Aortenbifurkation bis zum distalen Unterschenkel getestet und in 3 F{\"a}llen im Rahmen einer periinterventionellen Kontrolle vor und nach PTA eingesetzt. Das Patientenkollektiv setzt sich ausnahmslos aus Patienten mit pAVK zusammen, die h{\"a}ufig Nebenbefunde wie zum Beispiel einen Diabetes mellitus oder eine Niereninsuffizienz aufweisen. Die Auswertung der Angiographien erfolgt durch die Zuordnung der verschiedenen arte-riellen Abschnitte zu verschiedenen Stenosegraden und dem anschließenden statistischen Ver-gleich der Befunde der MRA und der i.a.DSA. Als Ergebnisse erhalten wir f{\"u}r die Kontrastmittel-unterst{\"u}tzte MRA eine {\"U}bereinstim-mungsrate mit der i.a. DSA von 79\% sowie eine Sensitivit{\"a}t von 96,7\% und eine Spezifit{\"a}t von 97\% f{\"u}r die Abbildung h{\"a}modynamisch relevanter Stenosen. Die Sensitivit{\"a}t f{\"u}r die Detektion von Verschl{\"u}ssen betr{\"a}gt 97,8\% und die entsprechende Spezifit{\"a}t 99,2\%. Die Phasenkontrast-MRA zeigt im Vergleich mit der i.a.DSA eine schw{\"a}chere {\"U}berein-stimmungsrate von 65,4\% sowie eine Sensitivit{\"a}t von 88,3\% und eine Spezifit{\"a}t von 85,6\% f{\"u}r die Darstellung h{\"a}modynamisch relevanter Stenosen. F{\"u}r die Diagnose eines Gef{\"a}ßverschlus-ses ist die Sensitivit{\"a}t 89\% und die Spezifit{\"a}t 91,8\%. Als Schlußfolgerung wird festgestellt, daß die MRA eine nichtinvasive, zur i.a.DSA {\"a}qui-valente Untersuchungsmethode darstellt, die bei Kontraindikationen gegen die i.a.DSA einge-setzt werden kann. Im Vergleich zur Phasenkontrast-MRA ist die Kontrastmittel-unterst{\"u}tzte MRA sowohl ein schnelleres als auch ein pr{\"a}ziseres Verfahren zur Diagnostik von Gef{\"a}ßl{\"a}sio-nen der Becken-Bein-Arterien und bietet den Vorteil der 3-dimensionalen Darstellung. Die Phasenkontrast-MRA ist insbesondere durch die einfache Durchf{\"u}hrbarkeit und die fehlende Invasivit{\"a}t ebenfalls als Verfahren zur Diagnostik der peripheren AVK denkbar, jedoch ist zur exakten Stenosegraduierung im Bereich der L{\"a}sion eine nachgeschaltete Untersuchung mit weiteren Methoden n{\"o}tig. Die MRA kann in der postinterventionellen, angiographischen Kontrolle eingesetzt werden. F{\"u}r die Empfehlung zum routinem{\"a}ßigen Einsatz in diesem Bereich sind jedoch Studien mit gr{\"o}ßeren Fallzahlen n{\"o}tig. In naher Zukunft l{\"a}ßt sich die MRA-Technik durch die Entwicklung von leistungsf{\"a}hi-geren Gradientenspulensystemen, neuen Prototypen von Oberfl{\"a}chenspulen, intelligenteren Nachverarbeitungs-Algorhytmen und Blutpool-Kontrastmitteln noch weiter optimieren. Die Evolution der MRA-Technik wird ihre Integration in die Routinediagnostik vereinfachen und ihr Indikationsspektrum erweitern.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Albert2010, author = {Albert, Christian}, title = {Differentialdiagnostische Kriterien supratentorieller atypischer teratoid/rhabdoider Tumoren und primitiver neuroektodermaler Tumoren in der Magnetresonanztomographie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48497}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Der Atypische teratoid/rhabdoide Tumor (ATRT) und der primitive neuroektodermale Tumor (PNET) sind hochmaligne Tumorentit{\"a}ten (WHO-Grad IV) des zentralen Nervensystems, die {\"u}berwiegend im Kleinkindalter auftreten. Beide zeigen eine sehr heterogene morphologische Struktur und sind bisher nur mittels Histopathologie und Immunhistochemie voneinander zu differenzieren. Bisherige Untersuchungen ließen noch keine neuroradiologische Unterscheidbarkeit zwischen beiden Tumorentit{\"a}ten erkennen. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich anhand eines diesbez{\"u}glich einmalig großen Patientenkollektives (23 ATRT, 36 PNET) mit den spezifisichen morphologischen Kriterien des supratentoriellen (st) ATRT und PNET in der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT). Die Patienten rekrutierten sich aus der multizentrischen Hirntumorstudie HIT 2000 (Teil des Kompetenznetzes der Hirntumorstudien der „Gesellschaft f{\"u}r p{\"a}diatrische Onkologie und H{\"a}matologie"). Retrospektiv wurden MRT-Bilder aus einem Zeitraum von 5 Jahren ausgewertet. Untersucht wurden T1- und T2-Wichtung, nativ und unter Kontrastmittelapplikation. Zur Abgrenzung beider Entit{\"a}ten voneinander wurden verschiedene Kriterien herausgearbeitet. Dazu z{\"a}hlten zun{\"a}chst die Darstellung in der nativen T1-Wichtung, die Sch{\"a}rfe der Tumorbegrenzung, das zeitgleiche Vorliegen von Zysten, {\"O}demen und Blutungen sowie die Auspr{\"a}gung des Kontrastmittel-Enhancements. Als zentrales Ergebnis der Arbeit konnte ein markantes strukturelles Muster des Kontrastmittel-Enhancements herausgearbeitet werden, welches sich als charakteristisch f{\"u}r den stATRT erwies, w{\"a}hrend es nur bei einem sehr geringen Prozentsatz der stPNETs anzutreffen war. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein girlandenf{\"o}rmiges Band, welches den Tumor randst{\"a}ndig um eine zentrale Nekrose herum auskleidet. Dieses als „ATRT-typisch" bezeichnete Muster wiesen zehn der stATRTs (43,5\%) und drei der stPNETs (8,3\%) auf. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus konnte man bei f{\"u}nf stATRTs (21,7\%) Areale mit wie in der Girlande anzutreffenden vesikul{\"a}ren Strukturen aber ohne begleitende zentrale Tumornekrose beobachten. Nur ein stPNET (2,8\%) wies ebenfalls vesikul{\"a}re Anteile ohne zentrale Nekrose auf. Es konnten somit charakteristische Muster identifiziert werden, welche auff{\"a}llig h{\"a}ufig in Kontrastmittel-verst{\"a}rkten T1-gewichteten MRT-Bildern des stATRT in Erscheinung treten, w{\"a}hrend sie bei stPNETs nur ausgesprochen selten vorzufinden sind.}, subject = {Differentialdiagnose}, language = {de} }