@article{Kleinhans1994,
  author    = {Kleinhans, Martha},
  title     = {"Schlafende Seel', erinn're dich ..." : Zur Funktion spanischer Literatur in Anna Maria Orteses Roman L'Iguana},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54478},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Romanistik},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TackeKropfgansTafeletal.1994,
  author    = {Tacke, Reinhold and Kropfgans, Martin and Tafel, Andrea and Wiesenberger, Frank and Sheldrick, William S. and Mutschler, Ernst and Egerer, Hansj{\"o}rg and Rettenmayr, Nikola and Gross, Jan and Waelbroeck, Magali and Lambrecht, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {(Hydroxymethyl)diphenyl(piperidinoalkyl)silane des Typs (HOCH2)(C6H5)2Si(CH2)nNC5H10 (n = 2,3) und deren Methoiodide: Synthese, Struktur und antimuscarinische Eigenschaften},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86904},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ChristlLessMueller1994,
  author    = {Christl, Manfred and Leß, Roland and M{\"u}ller, Heinrich},
  title     = {6,7-Dimethylene-2,4-diphenylbicyclo[3.2.l]oct-3-en-2-yl Anion : A Test for the Origin of the Unusual Properties of the Bicyclo[3.2.l]octa-3,6-dien-2-yl Anion},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31547},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrunickePyerinEisenbrandetal.1994,
  author    = {Grunicke, H. and Pyerin, W. and Eisenbrand, G. and Havemann, K. and Rabes, H. M. and Molling, K. and Schwab, M. and Lutz, Werner K. and Wahrendorf, J. and Schirrmacher, V.},
  title     = {7th International Symposium of the Division of Experimental Cancer Research (AEK) of the German Cancer Society : [Meeting report]},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60651},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FroudakisZdetsisMuehlhaeuseretal.1994,
  author    = {Froudakis, G. and Zdetsis, A. and M{\"u}hlh{\"a}user, M. and Engels, Bernd and Peyerimhoff, S. D.},
  title     = {A comparative ab initio study of the Si\(_2\)C\(_4\), Si\(_3\)C\(_3\), Si\(_4\)C\(_2\) clusters},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59097},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Various structural possibilities for the Si\(_2\)C\(_4\) and Si\(_4\)C\(_2\) clusters are investigated by employing a basis set of triple-zeta plus polarization quality; electron correlation is generally accounted for by second-order M0ller-Plesset and, in certain instances, by higher-order perturbation (CASPT2) approaches. The building-up principle recently suggested from an analysis of Si\(_3\)C\(_3\) clusters is found to be fully operative for Si\(_2\)C\(_4\) and Si\(_4\)C\(_2\) clusters. A comparison of the structure and stability of various geometrical arrangements in the series C\(_6\) , Si\(_2\)C\(_4\) , Si\(_3\)C\(_3\) , Si\(_4\)C\(_2\), and Si\(_6\) shows that linear and planar structures become rapidly less stable if carbons are replaced by silicons and that the three-dimensional bipyramidal forms become less favorable as soon as silicons are exchanged by carbons in the parent Si\(_6\) structure. The effects can be rationalized in qualitative terms based on differences in silicon and carbon bonding.},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SuterHuangEngels1994,
  author    = {Suter, H. U. and Huang, M.-B. and Engels, Bernd},
  title     = {A Multireference Configuration Interaction Study of the Hyperfine Structure of the Molecules CCO, CNN and NCN in their triplet ground states},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59108},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The hyperfine structures of the isoelectronic molecules CCO. CNN, and NCN in their triplet ground states (X\(^3 \sum ^-\)) are investigated by means of ab initio methods. The infrared frequencies and geometries are detennined and compared with experiment. Configuration selected multireference configuration interaction calculations in combination with perturbation theory to correct the wave function (MRD-CI/B\(_K\)) employing extended atomic orbital (AO) basis sets yielded very accurate hyperfine properties. The theoretical values for CCO are in excellent agreement with the experimental values determined by Smith and Weltner [J. Chem. Phys. 62,4592 (1975)]. For CNN, the first assignment of Smith and Weltner for the two nitrogen atoms has to be changed. A qualitative discussion of the electronic structure discloses no simple relation between the structure of the singly occupied orbitals and the measured hyperfine coupling constants. Vibrational effects were found to be of little importance.},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwartzNeveEisenmanetal.1994,
  author    = {Schwartz, Faina and Neve, Rachel and Eisenman, Robert and Gessler, Manfred and Bruns, Gail},
  title     = {A WAGR region gene between PAX-6 and FSHB expressed in fetal brain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59125},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Developmental delay or mental retardation is a frequent component of multi-system anomaly syndromes associated with chromosomal deletions. Isolation of genes involved in the mental dysfunction in these disorders should define loci important in brain formation or function. We have identified a highly conserved locus in the distal part of 11 p 13 that is prominently expressed in fetal brain. Minimal expression is observed in a number of other fetal tissues. The gene maps distal to PAX-6 but proximal to the loci for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone (FSHB), within a region previously implicated in the mental retardation component of some WAGR syndrome patients. Within fetal brain, the corresponding transcript is prominent in frontal, motor and primary visual cortex as weil as in the caudate-putamen. The characteristics of this gene, including the striking evolutionary conservation at the locus, suggest that the encoded protein may function in brain development.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KauppSchnering1994,
  author    = {Kaupp, Martin and Schnering, Hans Georg von},
  title     = {Ab Initio Comparision of the (MX\(_2\))\(_2\) Dimers (m=Zn, Cd, Hg; X F, Cl, H), and Study of Relativistic Effects in Crystalline HgF\(_2\)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59971},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Anorganische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaikovaEngelsPeric1994,
  author    = {Staikova, M. and Engels, Bernd and Peric, M.},
  title     = {Ab initio investigation of the hyperfine structure in the 1\(^2\)Π\(_u\)(X\(^2\)A\(_1\), A\(^2\)B\(_1\) system of BH\(_2\))},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59000},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuehlhaeuserFroudakisZdetsisetal.1994,
  author    = {M{\"u}hlh{\"a}user, M. and Froudakis, G. and Zdetsis, A. and Engels, Bernd and Flytzanis, N. and Peyerimhoff, S. D.},
  title     = {Ab initio investigation of the stability of Si\(_3\)C<\(_3\) clusters and their structural and bonding features},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59060},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Various structural possibilities for Si\(_3\)C\(_3\) clusters are investigated by ab initio calculations employing basis sets of double- and triple-zeta quality augmented by d polarization functions. Correlation effects are included by a second-order Moeller Piesset perturbation treatment. For the two lowest-lying structures higher-order correlation corrections and multi-reference effects are also included. Bonding features are investigated by two different types of population analyses to obtain insight into the nature of chemical bonding. A total of 17 stationary points were investigated, 14 of which correspond to local minima and three being transition states. The energetically lowest-lying structures are: A "pyramidlike" structure with various multicenter bonds, followed by a es symmetric isomer closely related to the ground state Si6 structure. Planar structures, favoured in small carbon clusters, lie higher in energy and are transition states. The lowest-lying triplet system is found to be the linear nonsymmetric Si - C-C-C-Si -Si structure, which is calculated to lie about 38 kcalfmole above the singlet ground state. A building-up principle based on bonding criteria is suggested for the occurence of the various structural possibilities.},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaikovaPericEngelsetal.1994,
  author    = {Staikova, M. and Peric, M. and Engels, Bernd and Peyerimhoff, S. D.},
  title     = {Ab initio Investigation of the Structure of the X\(^2\)A', A\(^2\)A'' (1\(^2\)Π) Spectral System of HCO: Investigation of the Magnetic Hyperfine Effects},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59089},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Results ofan ab initio study ofthe hyperfine structure of the X\(^2\)A', A\(^2\) A" ( 1\(^2 \Pi\)) system ofthe formyl radical are presented. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the interplay between the vibronic and magnetic hyperfine etfects. The results of computations are in very good agreement with the available experimental findings. The values for the hyperfine coupling constants in lower bending Ievels of both electronic species are predicted.},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PlessSuterEngels1994,
  author    = {Pleß, V. and Suter, H. U. and Engels, Bernd},
  title     = {Ab initio study of the energy difference between the benzene and the cumulene form of the C\(_6\) molecule},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59059},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The energy difference between the three lowest-lying isomers of C\(_6\) the linear \(^3 \sum ^-\) state and the two ring forms,the benzene structure (\(^1\)A\(_{18}\)) possessing D\(_{6h}\) symmetry and a distorted cyclic form ( \(^1\)A'\(_1\), D\(_{3h}\) symmetry) have been calculated using various ab initio methods. Variational methods such as multireference configuration interaction (MR-CI) and complete active space second order perturbatiOn treatment (CASPT2) have been applied, as weil as perturbational treatments and coupled cluster calculations (CCD). The correlation of all valence shell electrons is found to be important for a balanced description of the isomers of C\(_6\) . Methods which do not account for higher-order effects appropriately proved to be unsuitable for calculating the energy difference correctly. The results from multireference configuration interaction methods show that the isomers are close in energy with the cyclic forms somewhat lower than the linear form. The ring form possessing D\(_{3h}\) symmetry (\(^1\)A'\(_1\)} is found tobe the lowest-lying structure.},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SendtnerDittrichHughesetal.1994,
  author    = {Sendtner, Michael and Dittrich, F. and Hughes, R. A. and Thoenen, H.},
  title     = {Actions of CNTF and neurotrophins on degenerating motoneurons : preclinical studies and clinical implications},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62939},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Spinal motoneurons innervating skeletal muscle were amongst the first neurons shown to require the presence of their target cells to develop appropriately. Isolated embryonie chick and rat motoneurons have been used to identify neurotrophic factors and cytokines capable of supporting the survival of developing motoneurons. Such factors include ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which is present physiologically in high amounts in myelinating Schwann cells of peripheral nerves, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is synthesized in skeletal muscle and, after peripheral nerve lesion. in Schwann cells. These factors have been further analyzed for their physiological significance in maintaining motoneuron function in vivo, and for their potential therapeutic usefulness in degenerative motoneuron disease. Both CNTF and BDNF are capable of rescuing injured facial motoneurons in newbom rats. Furthermore, CNTF prolongs survival and improves motor function of pmn mice, an animal model for degenerative motoneuron disease, by preventing degeneration of motoneuron axons and somata. Thus treatment of human motoneuron disease with neurotrophic factors should be possible, provided that rational means for application of these factors can be established considering also the appearance of potential side effects.},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{McCarronWangSirenetal.1994,
  author    = {McCarron, R. M. and Wang, L. and Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena and Spatz, M. and Hallenbeck, J. M.},
  title     = {Adhesion molecules on normotensive and hypertensive rat brain endothelial cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86819},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The intercellular adhesion of circulating leukocytes to vascular endothellum ls a prerequisite for leukocyte emigration from the blood to extravascular tlssues. This process is facllltated by adhesion molecules on the surfaces of both the vascular endothelial cells and the leukocytes. The experiments presented here demonstrate for the first time that the leukocyte adhesion receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, is constitutively expressed on cultured cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell lines derived from both spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and normotensive WistarKyoto (WKY) rats. Both cultures contained simliar numbers of cells constitutively expressing this adhesion molecule (31.4\% and 29.6\%, respectlvely). Adhesion molecule expression was up-regulated by interleukin-1 ß, tumor necrosis factor-a, interferon-y and lipopolysaccharide in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both cultures exhibited similar maximum levels of adhesion molecule up-regulation to optimal concentrations of all three cytokines. However, SHR endothelial cells were moresensitive to all three cytokines; significantly higher levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expresslon were seen on SHR as opposed to WKY endothelial cells cultured with sub-optimal cytokine concentrations. It was also observed that lipopolysaccharide up-regulated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on SHR endothelial cells to a greater extent than on WKY endothelial cells. The findings that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 can be up-regulated to a greater degree on SHR endothelial cells may have important implications for in vivo perivascular leukocyte accumulation under hypertensive conditions. These observations indicate a possible mechanism by which hypertension may predispose to the development of disorders such as atherosclerosis and stroke.},
  subject      = {Endothelzelle},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RabinowitzOrnsteinFoldsBennettetal.1994,
  author    = {Rabinowitz, Mitchell and Ornstein, Peter A. and Folds-Bennett, Trisha H. and Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Age-related differences in speed of processing: Unconfounding age and experience},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62223},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WissingKauppBoersmaetal.1994,
  author    = {Wissing, Elmo and Kaupp, Martin and Boersma, Jaap and Spek, Anthony L. and Koten, Gerard van},
  title     = {Alkylation Reactions of Dialkylzinc Compounds with 1,4- Diaza- 1,3-butadienes: Cationic and radical Anionic Organozinc Intermediates. Molecular Structure of the Cationic Organozinc Species [MeZn(t-BuN=CHCH=N-t-Bu)]O\(_3\)SCF\(_3\) and Me\(_2\)Zn(bpy)(bpy = 2,2' -Bipyridine)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60008},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Anorganische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DandekarArgos1994,
  author    = {Dandekar, Thomas and Argos, Patrick},
  title     = {Amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na\(^+\) channel is made of three homologous subunits},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29734},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HigginsSmilinichSaitetal.1994,
  author    = {Higgins, M. J. and Smilinich, N. J. and Sait, S. and Koenig, A. and Pongratz, J. and Gessler, Manfred and Richard III., C. W. and James, M. R. and Sanford, J. P. and Kim, B.-W. and Cattelane, J. and Nowak, N. J. and Winterpacht, A. and Zabel, B. U. and Munroe, D. J. and Bric, E. and Housman, D. E. and Jones, C. and Nakamura, Y. and Gerhard, D. S. and Shows, T. B.},
  title     = {An Ordered NotI Fragment Map of Human Chromosome Band 11p15},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45766},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {An ordered NotI fragment map containing over 60 loci and encompassing approximately 17 Mb has been constructed for human chromosome band llpl5. Forty-two probes, including 11 NotI-linking cosmids, were subregionaUy mapped to llpl5 using a subset of the Jl-deletion hybrids. These and 23 other probes defining loci previously mapped to 11p15 were hybridized to genomic DNA digested with NotI and 5 other infrequently cleaving restriction enzymes and separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Thirty-nine distinct NotI fragments were detected encompassing approximately 85\% of the estimated length of llp15. The predicted order of the gene loci used is cenMYODI- PTH-CALCA-ST5-RBTNI-HPX-HBB-RRMlTH/ INS!1GF2-H19-CTSD-MUC2-DRD4-HRAS-RNHtel. This map wiu allow higher resolution mapping of new Ilp15 markers, facilitate positional cloning of disease genes, and provide a framework for the physical mapping of llp15 in clone contigs.},
  subject      = {Genom / Genkartierung / Genanalyse},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerSebaldOschkinat1994,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, T. and Sebald, Walter and Oschkinat, H.},
  title     = {Antagonist design through forced electrostatic mismatch},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62408},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerDieckmannSebaldetal.1994,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, T. and Dieckmann, T. and Sebald, Walter and Oschkinat, H.},
  title     = {Aspects of receptor binding and signalling of interleukin-4 investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62444},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Cytokines are hormones that carry information from ceJI to ceH. This information is read from their surface upon binding to transmembrane receptors and by the subsequent initiation of receptor oligomerization. An inftuence on this process through mutagenesis on the hormone surface is highly desirab)e for medical reasons. However, an understanding of hormone-receptor interactions requires insight into the structural changes introduced by the mutations. In this line structural studies on human TL-4 and the medically important IL-4 antagonists YI24D and Y124G are presented. The site a.round YI24 is an important epitope responsible for the a.bility of 11-4 t.o ca.use a signal in the target cells. It is shown that the local main-chain structure around residue 124 in the variants remains unchanged. A strategy is presented here which allows the study of these types of proteins and their variants by NMR which does not require carbon Iabeiied sa.mples.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Marohn1994,
  author    = {Marohn, Frank},
  title     = {Asymptotic sufficiency of order statistics for almost regular Weibull type densities},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45837},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Consider a location family which is defined via a Weibull type density having shape parameter a = 1. We treat the problem, which portion of the order statistics is asymptotically sufficient. It turns out that the intermediate order statistics are relevant.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderViseReimersetal.1994,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang and Vis{\´e}, Mechthild and Reimers, Petra and Blaesser, Barbara},
  title     = {Auswirkungen eines Trainings der sprachlichen Bewußtheit auf den Schriftspracherwerb in der Schule},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87491},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Mit der vorliegenden Trainingsstudie wird der Versuch unternommen, Ergebni e eines F{\"o}rderprograrnms zur sprachlichen Bewußtheit (Lundberg, Frost \& Petersen 1988) im deutschsprachigen Raum zu validieren. An unserer Replikationsstudie nahmen insgesamt 371 Kinder teil, von denen 205 Kinder einer Trainingsgruppe und 166 Kinder einer Kontrollgruppe zugewiesen wurden. Das F{\"o}rderprograrnm bestand aus Sprachspielen, die {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von zirka 6 Monaten t{\"a}glich 15 Minuten in den Kindergartengruppen durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt keine spezielle F{\"o}rderung, sondern nahm am regul{\"a}ren Kindergartenprogramm teil. Indikatoren der sprachlichen Bewußtheit und weitere metalinguistische und kognitive Variablen wurden unmittelbar vor und nach der F{\"o}rderung erhoben. Zu Beginn des ersten Schuljahres wurde ein metalinguistischer Transfertest, gegen Ende dann ein Rechtschreibtest durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Befunde replizieren die Ergebnisse der d{\"a}nischen Ausgangsstudie insofern, als kurz- und langfristige Trainingseffekte gesichert werden konnten. Sie verdeutlichen jedoch zus{\"a}tzlich, daß die Qualit{\"a}t der F{\"o}rderung f{\"u}r die Langzeitwirkung entscheidend war.},
  subject      = {phonologische Bewusstheit},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MalitschekWittbrodtFischeretal.1994,
  author    = {Malitschek, Barbara and Wittbrodt, Joachim and Fischer, Petra and Lammers, Reiner and Ullrich, Axel and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Autocrine stimulation of the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase in Xiphophorus melanoma cells and identification of a source for the physiological ligand},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61551},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The melanoma·inducing gene of Xiphophorus fish encodes the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase. U sing a highly specific antiserum p~oduced against the recombinant receptor expressed with a baculovirus, it is shown that Xmrk is the most abundant phosphotyrosine protein in fish melanoma and thus highly activated in the tumors. Studies on a melanoma cellline revealed that these cells produce an activity that considerably stimulates receptor autophosphorylation. The stimulating activity induces receptor down-regulation and can be depleted from the melanoma cellsupernatant by the immobilized recombinant receptor protein. The fish melanoma cells can thus be considered autocrine tumor cells providing a source for future purification and characterization of the Xmrk ligand.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Wilhelm1994,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {Bemerkungen zur urart{\"a}ischen Pal{\"a}ographie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87784},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Alter Orient},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WaelbroeckCamusTastenoyetal.1994,
  author    = {Waelbroeck, M. and Camus, J. and Tastenoy, M. and Feifel, R. and Mutschler, E. and Tacke, R. and Strohmann, C. and Rafeiner, K. and Rodrigues de Miranda, J. F. and Lambrecht, G.},
  title     = {Binding and functional properties of hexocyclium and sila-hexocyclium derivatives to muscarinic receptor suhtypes},
  series = {British Journal of Pharmacology},
  volume    = {112},
  journal   = {British Journal of Pharmacology},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128265},
  pages     = {505-514},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {1 We have compared the binding properties of several hexocyclium and sila-hexocyclium derivatives to muscarinic Ml receptors (in rat brain, human neuroblastoma (NB-OK I) cells and calf superior cervical ganglia), rat heart M2 receptors, rat pancreas M3 receptors and M4 receptors in rat striatum, with their functional antimuscarinic properties in rabbit vas deferens (Ml/M4-like), guinea-pig atria (M2), and guinea-pig ileum (M3) muscarinic receptors. 2 Si la-substitution (C/Si exchange) of hexocyclium (~ sila-hexocyclium) and demethyl-hexocyclium (~demethyl-sila-hexocyclium) did not significantly affect their affinities for muscarinic receptors. By contrast, sila-substitution of demethoxy-hexocyclium increased its affinity 2 to 3 fold for all the muscarinic receptor subtypes studied. 3 The p-fluoro- and p-chloro-derivatives of sila-hexocyclium had lower affinities than the parent compound at the four receptor subtypes, in binding and pharmacological studies. 4 In binding studies, o-methoxy-sila-hexocyclium (Ml = M4 ~ M3 ~ M2) had a much lower affinity than sila-hexocyclium for the four receptor subtypes, and discriminated the receptor subtypes more poorly than sila-hexocyclium (Ml = M3> M4> M2)' This is in marked contrast with the very clear selectivity of demethoxy-sila-hexocyclium for the prejunctional MtlM4-like heteroreceptors in rabbit vas deferens. 5 The tertiary amines demethyl-hexocyclium, demethyl-sila-hexocyclium and demethyl-o-methoxy-silahexocyclium had 10 to 30 fold lower affinities than the corresponding quaternary ammonium derivatives.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaisnerSchneiderSchauliesLiszewskietal.1994,
  author    = {Maisner, A. and Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and Liszewski, M.K. and Atkinson, J.P. and Herrler, G.},
  title     = {Binding of measles virus to membrane cofactor protein (CD46): importance of disulfide bonds and N-glycans for the receptor function},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34324},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Two cellular proteins, membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and moesin, were reported recently to be functionally associated with the initiation of a measles virus infection. We bave analyzed the interaction of measles virus with cell surface proteins, using an overlay binding assay with cellular proteins immobilized on nitrocellulose. Among surface-biotinylated proteins from a human rectal tumor cellline (HRT), measles virus, was able to bind only to a 67-kDa proteinthat was identified as MCP. The virus recognized dift'erent isoforms of MCP expressed from human (HRT and HeLa) and simian (Vero) celllines. The binding of measles virus to MCP was abolished after cleavage of the disulfide bonds by reducing agents as weil as after enzymatic release of N-linked oligosaccharides. By contrast, removal of sialic acid or 0-linked oligosaccharides did not aft'ect the recognition of MCP by measles virus. These data indicate that the receptor determinant of MCP is dependent on a conformation of the protein that is maintained by disulfide bonds and N-glycans present in tbe complement binding domains. Our results are consistent with a roJe of MCP as primary attacbment site for measles virus in the initial stage of an infection. The functional relationship between MCP and moesin in a measles virus infection is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Linsenmair1994,
  author    = {Linsenmair, Karl Eduard},
  title     = {Biologische Vielfalt und {\"o}kologische Stabilit{\"a}t},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31157},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TackeSperlichBecker1994,
  author    = {Tacke, Reinhold and Sperlich, J. and Becker, B.},
  title     = {Bis[2,3-naphthalenediolato(2-)](pyrrolidinio-methyl)germanate-tetartoacetonitrile, the first zwitterionic \(\lambda_5\)-germanate: synthesis and crystal structure analysis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64329},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The zwitterionic spirocyclic \(\lambda_5\)-germanate bis(2,3-naphthalenediolato( 2-)](pyrrolidiniomethyl)germanate (8) was synthesized and the crystal structure of its tetartoacetonitrile solvate 8 · 1/4 CH\(_3\)CN studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 8 was prepared by reaction of (MeO)\(_3\)GeCH\(_2\)NC\(_4\)H\(_8\) (11; NC\(_4\)H\(_8\) = pyrrolidino) with two equivalents of 2,3-naphthalenediol (isolated as 8 · 1/4 CH\(_3\)CN; yield 92\%). The coordination polyhedron around the pentacoordi- naphthalenediolatonate germanium atom of 8 · 1/4 CH\(_3\)CN can be described as a strongly distorted trigonal bipyramid (the structure is displaced by 38.9\% from the ideal trigonal bipyrarnid towards the ideal square pyramid), the carbon atom occupying an equatorial position. In the crystal lattice of 8 · 1/4 CH\(_3\)CN, the zwitterions form intermolecular N-H ... o hydrogen bonds leading to the formation of dimers. 1H- and \(^{13}\C-NMR studies revealed that 8 also exists in solution ([D\(_6\)]DMSO).},
  subject      = {Anorganische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TackeMuehleisen1994,
  author    = {Tacke, Reinhold and M{\"u}hleisen, M.},
  title     = {Bis[benzilato(2-)-O\(^1\),O\(^2\)][2-(dimethylammonio)ethoxy]silicate: synthesis and structural characterization of a zwitterionic \(\lambda^5\)Si-silicate with a SiO\(_5\) framework},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64400},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Anorganische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PauliLutzenbergerRauetal.1994,
  author    = {Pauli, Paul and Lutzenberger, W. and Rau, H. and Birbaumer, N. and Rickard, T. C. and Yaroush, R. A. and Bourne, L. E. J.},
  title     = {Brain potentials during mental arithmetic: effects of extensive practice and problem difficulty},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61345},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Recent behavioral investigations indicate that the processes underlying mental arithmetic change systematically with practice from deliberate, conscious calculation to automatic, direct retrieval of answers from memory [Bourne, L.E.Jr. and Rickard, T.C., Mental calculation: The development of a cognitive skill, Paper presented at the Interamerican Congress of Psychology, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1991; Psychol. Rev., 95 (1988) 492-527]. Results reviewed by Moscovitch and Winocur [In: The handbook of aging and cognition, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1992, pp. 315-372] suggest that consciously controlled processes are more dependent on frontal lobe function than are automatic processes. It is appropriate, therefore to determine whether transitions in the locus of primary brain activity occur with practice on mental calculation. In this experiment, we examine the relationship between characteristics of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and mental arithmetic. Single-digit mental multiplication problems varying in difficulty (problem size) were used, and subjects were trained on these problems for four sessions. Problem-size and practice effects were reliably found in behavioral measures (RT). The ERP was characterized by a pronounced late positivity after task presentation followed by a slow wave, and a negativity during response indication. These components responded differentially to the practice and problem-size manipulations. Practice mainly affected topography of the amplitude of positivity and offset latency of slow wave, and problem-size mainly offset latency of slow wave and pre-response negativity. Fronto-central positivity diminished from session to session, and the focus of positivity centered finally at centro-parietal regions. This finding suggests that frontal lobe processing is necessary as long as task performance is not automatized, while automatized arithmetic processing requires parietal brain activity only. The pre-response negativity observed in the first session and during more difficult tasks is assumed to reflect excitatory preparatory processes, which could be associated with activation of calculation strategies.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StopperKirchnerSchiffmannetal.1994,
  author    = {Stopper, Helga and Kirchner, S. and Schiffmann, D. and Poot, M.},
  title     = {Cell cycle disturbance in relation to micronucleus formation induced by the carcinogenic estrogen diethylstilbestrol},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82250},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {In addition to its tumor-promoting activity in honnone-receptive tissue, the carcinogenic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been found to induce cell transformation, aneuploidy and micronucleus formation in mammalian cells. The majority of these micronuclei contained whole chromosomes and were fonned during mitosis. Here a possible relationship between a disturbance in cell cycle progression and micronucleus fonnation is investigated by exposing Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells to DES. Continuous bromodeoxyuridine labeling followed by bivariate Hoechst 33258/ethidium bromide flow cytometry was employed for analysis of cell cycle transit and related to the time course of micronucleus formation. Treatment of SHE cells with DES resulted in delayed and impaired cell activation (exit from the GO/G 1 phase), impaired S-phase transit and, mainly, G2-phase traverse. Cells forming micronuclei, on the other hand, were predominantly in G2 phase during DES treatment. These results suggest that impairment of Sand G2 transit may involve a process ultimately leading to micronucleus formation.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesSchneiderSchauliesSchusteretal.1994,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle and Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and Schuster, A. and Bayer, M. and Pavlovic, J. and ter Meulen, V.},
  title     = {Cell type specific MxA-mediated inhibition of measles virus transcription in human brain cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62255},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesSchneiderSchauliesSchusteretal.1994,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and Schneider-Schaulies, S. and Schuster, A. and Bayer, M. and Pavlovic, J. and ter Meulen, V.},
  title     = {Cell type specific MxA-mediated inhibition of measles virus transcription in human brain cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34313},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Measles virus (MV)-specific transcription in human brain cells is characterized by particularly low abundances of the distal mRNAs encoding the MV envelope proteins. Similar transcriptional restrictions of the closely related vesicular stomatitis virus have been observed in mouse fibroblasts constitutively expressing the interferon-inducible MxA protein (P. Staeheli and J. Pavlovic, J. Virol. 65:4498-4501, 1991). We found that MV infection of human brain cells is accompanied by rapid induction and high-level expression of endogenous MxA proteins. After stable transfection of MxA, human glioblastoma cells (U-87-MxA) released 50- to 100-fold less infectious virus and expression of viral proteinswas highly restricted. The overall MV-specific transcription Ievels were reduced by up to 90\%, accompanied by low relative frequencies of the distal MV-specific mRNAs. These restrictions were linked to an inhibition of viral RNA synthesis and not to a decreased stability of the viral RNAs. Our results indicate that expression of MxA is associated with transcriptional attenuation of MV in brain cells, thus probably contributing to the establishment of persistent MV central nervous system infections. In addition, the mechanism of MxA-dependent resistance against MV infection, in contrast to that of vesicular Stomatitis virus, is cell type specific, because an inhibition of MV glycoprotein synthesis independent of transcriptional alterations was observed in MxA-transfected human monocytes},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UlrichsEcksteinKorsgrenetal.1994,
  author    = {Ulrichs, Karin and Eckstein, V. and Korsgren, O. and Tibell, A. and Groth, C. G. and M{\"u}ller-Ruchholtz, W.},
  title     = {Characterization of natural and induced human xenophile antibodies before and after transplantation of the fetal porcine endocrine pancreas},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86985},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Bauspeicheldr{\"u}se},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SendtnerCarrollHoltmannetal.1994,
  author    = {Sendtner, Michael and Carroll, P. and Holtmann, B and Hughes, R. A. and Thoenen, H.},
  title     = {Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42545},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DittrichThoenenSendtner1994,
  author    = {Dittrich, Falk and Thoenen, Hans and Sendtner, Michael},
  title     = {Ciliary neurotrophic factor: pharmacokinetics and acute-phase response in rat},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42639},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaschwitzFialaLinsenmair1994,
  author    = {Maschwitz, Ulrich and Fiala, Brigitte and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard},
  title     = {Clerodendrum fistulosum (Verbenanceae), an unspecific myrmecophyte from Borneo with spontaneously opening domatia},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31013},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Clerodendrumjistulosum Becc. is a true myrmecophyte as it offers nesting space for ants in hollow intemodes. In contrast to previous reports our investigations proved that these domatia open by themselves, thus providing cavities for a variety of different ant species. In Sarawak, Malaysia, we did not find an obligate relationship between C. jistulosum and a specific ant-partner. For comparison, studies on herbarium material of other Clerodendrum species were carried out a further species, C. deflexum from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra presumably also is myrmecophytic.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StopperKuehnelPodschun1994,
  author    = {Stopper, Helga and K{\"u}hnel, A. and Podschun, B.},
  title     = {Combination of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil with an inhibitor of its catabolism results in increased micronucleus induction},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63383},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The rate limiting step in 5-fluorouracil catabolism is catalyzed by the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Since degradation of 5-fluorouracil decreases its efficacy in chemotherapy, the inhibition of its catabolism is a promising tool. We investigated the formation of micronuclei in vitro in mouse L5178Y cells. 5-fluorouracil induced an increase in micronucleus frequency, which could significantly be enhanced by the concurrent application of 2,6-dihydroxypyridine, an inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. The 5-fluorouracil concentration necessary to reach maximal genotoxic effects could be reduced to half in the presence of inhibitor. 2,6-Dihydroxypyridine alone and the naturally occuring enzyme substrate uracil did not induce micronucleus formation. Combined application of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil and an inhibitor of its could reduce side-effects by lowering the effective dose of the active drug. With this study we provide further support for the usefulness of this concept.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzHameisterGessleretal.1994,
  author    = {Schwarz, Klaus and Hameister, Horst and Gessler, Manfred and Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz and Hansen-Hagge, Thomas E. and Bartram, Claus R.},
  title     = {Confirmation of the localization of the human recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) to chromosome 11p13},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59136},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The human recombination activating gene 1 (RAGl) has previously been mapped to chromosomes 14q and 11 p. Here we confirm the chromosome 11 assignment by two independent approaches: autoradiographic and fluorescence in situ hybridization to metaphase spreads and analysis of human-hamster somatic cell hybrid DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting. Our results unequivocally localize RAG1 to llp13.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinsenStrikLutheretal.1994,
  author    = {Heinsen, Helmut and Strik, M. and Luther, K. and Ulmar, G. and Gangnus, D. and Jungkunz, G. and Eisenmenger, W. and G{\"o}tz, M. and Bauer, M.},
  title     = {Cortical and striatal neurone number in Huntington's disease},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55217},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The total cortical and striatal neurone and glial numbers were estimated in five cases of Huntington's disease (three males, two females) and five ageand sex-matched control cases. Serial 500-l-lm-thick gallocyanin-stained frontal sections through the left hemisphere were analysed using Cavalieri's principle for volume and the optical disector for cell density estimations. The average cortical neurone number of five controls (mean age 53±13 years, range 36-72 years) was 5.97x 109±320x 106 , the average number of small striatal neurones was 82 X 106± 15.8 X 106• The left striatum (caudatum, putamen, and accumbens) contained a mean of 273 X 106±53 X 106 glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and unc1assifiable glial profiles). The mean cortical neurone number in Huntington's disease patients (mean age 49±14 years, range 36-75 years) was diminished by about 33 \% to 3.99x109±218x106 nerve cells (P ::;:::: 0.012, MannWhitney V-test). The mean number of small striatal neurones decreased tremendously to 9.72 X 106 ± 3.64 X 106 (-88 \% ). The decrease in total glial cells was less pronounced (193 X 106±26 X 106) but the mean glial index, the numerical ratio of glial cells per neurone, increased from 3.35 to 22.59 in Huntington's disease. Qualitatively, neuronal loss was most pronounced in supragranular layers of primary sensory areas (Brodmann's areae 3,1,2; area 17, area 41). Layer HIc pyramidal cells were preferentially lost in association areas of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes, whereas spared layer IV granule cells formed a conspicuous band between layer IH and V in these fields. Methodological issues are discussed in context with previous investigations and similarities and differences of laminar and lobar nerve cellloss in Huntington's disease are compared with nerve cell degent-ration in other neuropsychiatric diseases.},
  subject      = {Medizin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrischholzRoellinghoffMoll1994,
  author    = {Frischholz., S. and R{\"o}llinghoff, M. and Moll, Heidrun},
  title     = {Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Co-ordinate expression of granzyme A and lymphokines by CD4\(^+\) T cells from susceptible mice.},
  series = {Immunology},
  volume    = {82},
  journal   = {Immunology},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30954},
  pages     = {255 -- 260},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {We have recently demonstrated that the frequency ofT cells expressing granzyme A is significantly higher in skin lesions and spleens of susceptible BALB/c mice compared with resistant C57BL/6 mice infected with Leishmania major, a cause of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the present study, we have performed in vitro studies to characterize the subpopulation, the antigen responsiveness and the lymphokine production pattern of granzyme A-expressing T cells in L. major-infected mice. Using a limiting dilution system for functional analysis of selected T cells at the clonallevel, we could show that granzyme A activity in infected BALB/c mice can be assigned to L. major-reactive CD4\(^+\) T cells secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. Granzyme A production was most pronounced in the early phase of infection. On the other hand, granzyme A expression could not be detected in C57BL/6-derived T cells responding to L. major. The da ta support the suggestion that granzyme A is produced by L. major-responsive CD4\(^+\) T cells facilitating lesion formation and the dissemination of infection.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChristlBraunWolzetal.1994,
  author    = {Christl, Manfred and Braun, Martin and Wolz, E. and Wagner, W.},
  title     = {Cycloallene, 9 - 1-Phenyl-1-aza-3,4-cyclohexadien, das erste Isodihydropyridin: Erzeugung und Abfangreaktionen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58714},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TackeMuehleisenJones1994,
  author    = {Tacke, Reinhold and M{\"u}hleisen, M. and Jones, P. G.},
  title     = {Das erste zwitterionische, optisch aktive Disilicat mit pentakoordiniertem Silicium},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64343},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Anorganische Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ArgosDandekar1994,
  author    = {Argos, P. and Dandekar, Thomas},
  title     = {Delineating the main chain topology of four-helix bundle proteins using the genetic algorithm and knowledge based on the amino acid sequence alone},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33807},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Proteine},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hoffmann1994,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Joachim},
  title     = {Der implizite Erwerb von Handlungswissen},
  series = {Psychologie und Sport : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Psychologie und Sport : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie},
  number    = {2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127709},
  pages     = {56-66},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Der Beitrag besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit {\"U}berlegungen zum Aufbau verhaltenssteuernder Strukturen. Er geht von dem Konzept de simpliziten Lernens aus, nach dem sich die Steuerung des Verhaltens, wenigstens unter bestimmten Bedingungen, unbewusst, aufmerksamkeitsunabhaengig und unwillk{\"u}rlich an strukturelle Eigenschaften der Umgebung anpasst. Eine kritische Analyse einschl{\"a}giger Untersuchungen f{\"u}hrt zu einer hypothetischen Lernstruktur, die es gestattet zu lernen, unter welchen Bedingungen welche Verhaltensakte zu welchen Konsequenzen f{\"u}hren. Der Lernprozess, so wird angenommen, wird in dieser Struktur von einem fundamentalen Beduerfnis nach sicherer Antizipierbarkeit von Verhaltenskonsequenzen getrieben. Eine Pilotstudie, die von diesen Annahmen ausgeht, wird ebenso diskutiert wie moegliche Anwendungen bei der Gestaltung von Trainingsprozessen im Sport.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Schneider1994,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Der {\"U}bergang in weiterf{\"u}hrende Schulen nach dem 4. oder 6. Grundschuljahr? Theoretische Analysen und empirische Befunde zur Prognose des Schulerfolgs},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87465},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Grundschule},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TonyShenReuschetal.1994,
  author    = {Tony, H. P. and Shen, B. J. and Reusch, P. and Sebald, Walter},
  title     = {Design of human interleukin-4 antagonists inhibiting interleukin-4-dependent and interleukin-13-dependent responses in T-cells and B-cells with high efficiency},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62394},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Human interleukin-4 possesses two distinct sites for receptor activation. A signaHing site, comprising residues near the C-terminus on helix D, determines the efficacy of interleukin-4 signal transduction without affecting the binding to the interleukin-4 receptor a subunit. A complete antagonist and a series of low-efficacy agonist variants of human interleukin-4 could be generated by introducing combinations of two or three negatively charged aspartic acid residues in this site at positions 121, 124, and 125. One of the double variants, designated [R121D,Y124D]interleukin-4, with replacements of b{\"o}th Arg121 and Tyr124 by aspartic acid residues was completely inactive in all analysed cellular responses. The loss of efficacy in [R121D,Y124D]interleukin-4 is estimated to be larger than 2000-fold. Variant [R121D,Y124D]interleukin-4 was also a perfect antagonist for inhibition of interleukin-13-dependent responses in B-cells and the TF-1 cellline with a K\(_i\) value of approximately 100 pM. In addition, inhibition of both interleukin-4-induced and interleuk.in-13- induced responses could be obtained by monoclonal antibody X2/45 raised against interleukin-4Rm the extracellular domain of the interleuk.in-4 receptor a subunit. These results indicate that efficient interleukin-4 antagonists can be designed on the basis of a sequential two-step activation model. In addition, the experiments indicate the functional participation of the interleukin-4 receptor a subunit in the interleukin-13 receptor system.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Engels1994,
  author    = {Engels, Bernd},
  title     = {Detailed study of the configuration selected multi-reference configuration interaction method combined with perturbation theory to correct the wave function},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59019},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {A reliable prediction of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constant A\(_{iso}\) is still a difficult task for ab initio calculations. In previous studies, the configuration selected multireference configuration interaction method in combination with perturbation theory to correct the wave function (MRCI/ B\(_K\)) yielded accurate isotropic hyperfine coupling constants very economically. The present study gives a detailed analysis of the MRCI/ B\(_K\) method based on the X\(^2 \pi\) state of CH as a test case. Furthermore, a comparison to various other methods such as Maller-Ptesset perturbation theory and the coupled cluster approach is made. The success of the MRCI/ B\(_K\) method in predicting isotropic hyperfine coupling constants is explained in terms of the inßuence of higher than double excitations.},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SuterPlessErnzerhofetal.1994,
  author    = {Suter, H. U. and Pleß, V. and Ernzerhof, M. and Engels, Bernd},
  title     = {Difficulties in the Calculation of Electron Spin Resonance Parameters using Density Functional Methods},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59113},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Density functional theory is applied to the calculation ofthe isotropic byperfine coupJing constants in some small molecules. Various functionals are tested. The agreement of the calculated values to experimental data and values obtained from sophisticated ab initio methods depends on the functionals used and the system under consideration. With respect to spin density calculations the functional of Lee, Yang and Parr with Becke's excbange functional (BLYP) is found to give good results for tbe heavier center of the CH and the NH molecule, while the spin densities of other molecules such as OH, H\(_2\)CN, H\(_2\)CO\(^+\), NO and O\(_2\) deviate considerably from experimental and/or other theoretical results (30\%-60\%). In cases where the singly occupied orbital can contribute to the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants, accurate results are obtained. The reason fortbis is analyzed.},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FialaGrunskyMaschwitzetal.1994,
  author    = {Fiala, Brigitte and Grunsky, Harald and Maschwitz, Ulrich and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard},
  title     = {Diversity of ant-plant interactions: Protective efficacy in Macaranga species with different degrees of ant-association.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32905},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The pioneer tree Macaranga in SE Asia has developed manyfold associations with ants. The genus comprises all stages of interaction with ants, from facultative relationships to obligate myrmecophytes. Only myrmecophytic Macaranga offer nesting space for ants and are associated with a specific ant partner. The nonmyrmecophytic species are visited by a variety of different ant species which are attracted by extrafloral nectaries (EFN) and food bodies. Transitional Macaranga species like M. hosei are colonized later in their development due to their stem structure. Before the colonization by their specific Crematogaster partner the young plants are visited by different ant species attracted by EFN. These nectaries are reduced and food body production starts as soon as colonization becomes possible. We demonstrated earlier that obligate ant partners can protect their Macaranga plants against herbivore damage and vine cover. In this study we focused on nonspecific interactions and studied M. tanarius and M. hosei, representing a non-myrmecophyte and a transitional species respectively. In ant exclusion experiments both M. tanarius and M. hosei suffered significantly higher mean leaf damage than controls, 37\% versus 6\% in M. hosei, 16\% versus 7\% in M. tanarius. M. tanarius offers both EFN and food bodies so that tests for different effects of these two food rewards could be conducted. Plants with food bodies removed but with EFN remaining had the lowest mean increase of herbivore damage of all experimental groups. Main herbivores on M. hosei were mites and caterpillars. Many M. tanarius plants were infested by a shootborer. Both Macaranga species were visited by various ant species. Crematogaster spp. being the most abundant. We found no evidence for any specific relationships. The results of this study strongly support the hypothesis that non-specific, facultative associations with ants can be advantageous for Macaranga plants. Food bodies appear to have lower attractive value for opportunistic ants than EFN and may require a specific dietary adaptation. This is also indicated by the fact that food body production in the transitional M. hosei does not start before stem structure allows a colonization by the obligate Crematogaster species. M. hosei thus benefits from facultative association with a variety of ants until it produces its first domatia and can be colonized by its obligate mutualist.},
  language  = {en}
}