@article{RudloffHutmacherAppel2023,
  author    = {Rudloff, Jan Philipp and Hutmacher, Fabian and Appel, Markus},
  title     = {Post-truth epistemic beliefs rooted in the Dark Factor of Personality are associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination refusal},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-023-31079-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357619},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {A substantial number of people refused to get vaccinated against COVID-19, which prompts the question as to why. We focus on the role of individual worldviews about the nature and generation of knowledge (epistemic beliefs). We propose a model that includes epistemic beliefs, their relationship to the Dark Factor of Personality (D), and their mutual effect on the probability of having been vaccinated against COVID-19. Based on a US nationally representative sample (N = 1268), we show that stronger endorsement of post-truth epistemic beliefs was associated with a lower probability of having been vaccinated against COVID-19. D was also linked to a lower probability of having been vaccinated against COVID-19, which can be explained by post-truth epistemic beliefs. Our results indicate that the more individuals deliberately refrain from adhering to the better argument, the less likely they are vaccinated. More generally, post-truth epistemic beliefs pose a challenge for rational communication.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SteinCimanderAppel2022,
  author    = {Stein, Jan-Philipp and Cimander, Paula and Appel, Markus},
  title     = {Power-posing robots: the influence of a humanoid robot's posture and size on its perceived dominance, competence, eeriness, and threat},
  series = {International Journal of Social Robotics},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {International Journal of Social Robotics},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {1875-4791},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12369-022-00878-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324502},
  pages     = {1413-1422},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {When interacting with sophisticated digital technologies, people often fall back on the same interaction scripts they apply to the communication with other humans—especially if the technology in question provides strong anthropomorphic cues (e.g., a human-like embodiment). Accordingly, research indicates that observers tend to interpret the body language of social robots in the same way as they would with another human being. Backed by initial evidence, we assumed that a humanoid robot will be considered as more dominant and competent, but also as more eerie and threatening once it strikes a so-called power pose. Moreover, we pursued the research question whether these effects might be accentuated by the robot's body size. To this end, the current study presented 204 participants with pictures of the robot NAO in different poses (expansive vs. constrictive), while also manipulating its height (child-sized vs. adult-sized). Our results show that NAO's posture indeed exerted strong effects on perceptions of dominance and competence. Conversely, participants' threat and eeriness ratings remained statistically independent of the robot's depicted body language. Further, we found that the machine's size did not affect any of the measured interpersonal perceptions in a notable way. The study findings are discussed considering limitations and future research directions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Huber2023,
  author    = {Huber, Stephan},
  title     = {Proxemo: Documenting Observed Emotions in HCI},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-30573},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305730},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {For formative evaluations of user experience (UX) a variety of methods have been developed over the years. However, most techniques require the users to interact with the study as a secondary task. This active involvement in the evaluation is not inclusive of all users and potentially biases the experience currently being studied. Yet there is a lack of methods for situations in which the user has no spare cognitive resources. This condition occurs when 1) users' cognitive abilities are impaired (e.g., people with dementia) or 2) users are confronted with very demanding tasks (e.g., air traffic controllers). In this work we focus on emotions as a key component of UX and propose the new structured observation method Proxemo for formative UX evaluations. Proxemo allows qualified observers to document users' emotions by proxy in real time and then directly link them to triggers. Technically this is achieved by synchronising the timestamps of emotions documented by observers with a video recording of the interaction. In order to facilitate the documentation of observed emotions in highly diverse contexts we conceptualise and implement two separate versions of a documentation aid named Proxemo App. For formative UX evaluations of technology-supported reminiscence sessions with people with dementia, we create a smartwatch app to discreetly document emotions from the categories anger, general alertness, pleasure, wistfulness and pride. For formative UX evaluations of prototypical user interfaces with air traffic controllers we create a smartphone app to efficiently document emotions from the categories anger, boredom, surprise, stress and pride. Descriptive case studies in both application domains indicate the feasibility and utility of the method Proxemo and the appropriateness of the respectively adapted design of the Proxemo App. The third part of this work is a series of meta-evaluation studies to determine quality criteria of Proxemo. We evaluate Proxemo regarding its reliability, validity, thoroughness and effectiveness, and compare Proxemo's efficiency and the observers' experience to documentation with pen and paper. Proxemo is reliable, as well as more efficient, thorough and effective than handwritten notes and provides a better UX to observers. Proxemo compares well with existing methods where benchmarks are available. With Proxemo we contribute a validated structured observation method that has shown to meet requirements formative UX evaluations in the extreme contexts of users with cognitive impairments or high task demands. Proxemo is agnostic regarding researchers' theoretical approaches and unites reductionist and holistic perspectives within one method. Future work should explore the applicability of Proxemo for further domains and extend the list of audited quality criteria to include, for instance, downstream utility. With respect to basic research we strive to better understand the sources leading observers to empathic judgments and propose reminisce and older adults as model environment for investigating mixed emotions.},
  subject      = {Gef{\"u}hl},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HutmacherMayrhofer2023,
  author    = {Hutmacher, Fabian and Mayrhofer, Roland},
  title     = {Psychology as a historical science? Theoretical assumptions, methodological considerations, and potential pitfalls},
  series = {Current Psychology},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {Current Psychology},
  number    = {22},
  issn      = {1046-1310},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12144-022-03030-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324491},
  pages     = {18507-18514},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The current condition of (Western) academic psychology can be criticized for various reasons. In the past years, many debates have been centered around the so-called "replication crisis" and the "WEIRD people problem". However, one aspect which has received relatively little attention is the fact that psychological research is typically limited to currently living individuals, while the psychology of the past remains unexplored. We find that more research in the field of historical psychology is required to capture both the similarities and differences between psychological mechanisms both then and now. We begin by outlining the potential benefits of understanding psychology also as a historical science and explore these benefits using the example of stress. Finally, we consider methodological, ideological, and practical pitfalls, which could endanger the attempt to direct more attention toward cross-temporal variation. Nevertheless, we suggest that historical psychology would contribute to making academic psychology a truly universal endeavor that explores the psychology of all humans.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrundgeigerAlbertReinhardtetal.2016,
  author    = {Grundgeiger, T. and Albert, M. and Reinhardt, D. and Happel, O. and Steinisch, A. and Wurmb, T.},
  title     = {Real-time tablet-based resuscitation documentation by the team leader: evaluating documentation quality and clinical performance},
  series = {Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine},
  number    = {51},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13049-016-0242-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146582},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background Precise and complete documentation of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitations is important but data quality can be poor. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a tablet-based application for real-time resuscitation documentation used by the emergency team leader on documentation quality and clinical performance of the emergency team. Methods Senior anaesthesiologists either used the tablet-based application during the simulated resuscitation for documentation and also used the application for the final documentation or conducted the full documentation at the end of the scenario using the local hospital information system. The latter procedure represents the current local documentation method. All scenarios were video recorded. To assess the documentation, we compared the precision of intervention delivery times, documentation completeness, and final documentation time. To assess clinical performance, we compared adherence to guidelines for defibrillation and adrenaline administration, the no-flow fraction, and the time to first defibrillation. Results The results showed significant benefits for the tablet-based application compared to the hospital information system for precision of the intervention delivery times, the final documentation time, and the no-flow fraction. We observed no differences between the groups for documentation completeness, adherence to guidelines for defibrillation and adrenaline administration, and the time to first defibrillation. Discussion In the presented study, we observed that a tablet-based application can improve documentation data quality. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a well-designed application can be used in real-time by a member of the emergency team with possible beneficial effects on clinical performance. Conclusion The present evaluation confirms the advantage of tablet-based documentation tools and also shows that the application can be used by an active member of an emergency team without compromising clinical performance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{OPUS4-14713,
  title     = {Research Network on Methodology for the Analysis of Social Interaction. Proceedings of the ninth meeting of MASI.},
  editor    = {Brill, Michael and Jonsson, Gudberg and Schwab, Frank},
  isbn      = {978-3-945459-16-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147135},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {T-pattern analysis supports studies of various aspects of human or animal behavior as well as interaction between human subjects and animal or artificial agents. The following proceedings give an overiew on the application of T-pattern analysis in different research fields like media, gaming, human behaviour, social and organisational interaction as well as sports and health.},
  subject      = {Verhaltensmuster},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DoellingerWolfMaletal.2022,
  author    = {D{\"o}llinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Wenninger, Stephan and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin},
  title     = {Resize Me! Exploring the user experience of embodied realistic modulatable avatars for body image intervention in virtual reality},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  issn      = {2673-4192},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2022.935449},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-292940},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Obesity is a serious disease that can affect both physical and psychological well-being. Due to weight stigmatization, many affected individuals suffer from body image disturbances whereby they perceive their body in a distorted way, evaluate it negatively, or neglect it. Beyond established interventions such as mirror exposure, recent advancements aim to complement body image treatments by the embodiment of visually altered virtual bodies in virtual reality (VR). We present a high-fidelity prototype of an advanced VR system that allows users to embody a rapidly generated personalized, photorealistic avatar and to realistically modulate its body weight in real-time within a carefully designed virtual environment. In a formative multi-method approach, a total of 12 participants rated the general user experience (UX) of our system during body scan and VR experience using semi-structured qualitative interviews and multiple quantitative UX measures. Using body weight modification tasks, we further compared three different interaction methods for real-time body weight modification and measured our system's impact on the body image relevant measures body awareness and body weight perception. From the feedback received, demonstrating an already solid UX of our overall system and providing constructive input for further improvement, we derived a set of design guidelines to guide future development and evaluation processes of systems supporting body image interventions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{NordEssHurtienneetal.2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Nord, Ilona and Ess, Charles and Hurtienne, J{\"o}rn and Schlag, Thomas},
  title     = {Robotics in Christian Religious Practice Reflections on initial experiments in this field},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-30314},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303149},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {In this article we offer initial insights into the fairly new interdisciplinary and international domain of robotics in Christian religious practice. We are a group of scholars in media ethics, practical theology/religious education, and human computer interaction, who have been engaged in this discourse since 2017. A natural starting point is our study of BlessU2, a "blessing robot," a device which received considerable recognition from the global public at the Wittenberg 500th reformation anniversary in 2017. We thus begin with the results of this study. Secondly, we will briefly address the relevant theses from Gabriele Trovato et al., as presented in their 2019 article on so-called theomorphic robots - followed by our interdisciplinary discussion of their approach. Finally, we draw conclusions for further work on the field of "religious robots." Somewhat more carefully: Section 1 offers starting points within the perspectives of Christian religious practice: here, the blessing robot is both cause and occasion for doing religion and theologizing in the context of existential questions (1.1). We continue with perceptions in the field of religion regarding "Discursive Design Theory" (1.2). The interaction of humans with computers as posing questions for theological standardization of religious practice is focused upon in 1.3. Section 2 reconstructs the HRI/HCI-initiative to develop theomorphic robots in a twofold manner, i.e., the idea of developing theomorphic robots (2.1) and the concept of theomorphic robots: Questions and objections (2.2). In this part of the article we raise discussion points concerning the relationship between technology and religion and the need for sharpening the understanding of religion within the research field. Section 3 closes with propositions and alternatives.},
  subject      = {Soziale Robotik},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{vonAndrianWerburg2024,
  author    = {von Andrian-Werburg, Maximilian T. P.},
  title     = {Sex/Gender: A Revised Integrative Model for Sex/Gender Differences and Its Application on Media Research},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-95826-236-2},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-237-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-345669},
  school      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {xv, 177},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Far more women than men like to watch sad films, and far more men than women use video-based pornography. Do sex-affiliated biological-evolutionary influences cause these apparent differences, are they caused by social-cultural ones associated with gender, or do these dimensions interact? In the first step of this thesis, the Integrative Model for Sex/Gender Differences was thoroughly discussed and substantially revised. The model subsumed the current state of knowledge in psychology, which is based on wrong assumptions or outdated knowledge. In the second chapter, the Revised Integrative Model for Sex/Gender Differences yielded a theoretical guide to drive an extensive literature review for studies that used biological- evolutionary variables to predict sex/gender differences in media selection, use, and effects. In the study process, a large number of 6231 study titles and, if these appeared promising, abstracts were assessed for eligibility. In sum, only 39 studies were discovered that were attached to the topics of the revised integrative model and briefly outlined. Topics researched were as broad as exploring the potential of online dating advertisements to evaluate Sexual Strategies Theory and assess neuronal sex differences that affect video game and website use. The following chapter dealt with biopsychosocial predictor variables of pornography use, which appeared to be strongly affected by biological-evolutionary variables like the sex drive. The last empirical chapter assessed predictor variables for sad film use, which were social-culturally driven variables, such as the masculine gender role affecting the use of sad films. Men are taught that the sadness a sad film induces in them is not a socially desirable emotion to experience for them. Therefore, they like to watch sad films less in the first place. The final discussion highlighted that in line with recent acknowledgments in psychology science, human behavior can only be sufficiently explained if nature and nurture approaches for research are combined.},
  subject      = {Geschlecht},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HergetBoetzl2021,
  author    = {Herget, Ann-Kristin and B{\"o}tzl, Franziska},
  title     = {Sounds Like Respect. The Impact of Background Music on the Acceptance of Gay Men in Audio-Visual Advertising},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645533},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237236},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Companies increasingly seek to use gay protagonists in audio-visual commercials to attract a new affluent target group. There is also growing demand for the diversity present in society to be reflected in media formats such as advertising. Studies have shown, however, that heterosexual consumers (especially men), who may be part of the company's loyal consumer base, tend to react negatively to gay-themed advertising campaigns. Searching for an instrument to mitigate this unwanted effect, the present study investigated whether carefully selected background music can shape the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects online experiment (musical connotation × gender of the participant), 218 heterosexual participants watched a commercial promoting engagement rings that featured gay male protagonists, scored with feminine- or masculine-connoted background music. As expected, women generally reacted more positively than men to the advertising. Men exposed to the masculine-connoted background music rated the promoted brand more positively, and masculine music also enhanced (at least in the short term) these men's acceptance of gay men in general (low and medium effect sizes) more than was the case for feminine background music. Carefully selected background music affecting the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists may prevent negative reactions from heterosexual audiences and, therefore, motivate companies to use gay protagonists in television commercials on a more regular basis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WienrichKommaVogtetal.2021,
  author    = {Wienrich, Carolin and Komma, Philipp and Vogt, Stephanie and Latoschik, Marc E.},
  title     = {Spatial Presence in Mixed Realities - Considerations About the Concept, Measures, Design, and Experiments},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2021.694315},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260328},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Plenty of theories, models, measures, and investigations target the understanding of virtual presence, i.e., the sense of presence in immersive Virtual Reality (VR). Other varieties of the so-called eXtended Realities (XR), e.g., Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR and MR) incorporate immersive features to a lesser degree and continuously combine spatial cues from the real physical space and the simulated virtual space. This blurred separation questions the applicability of the accumulated knowledge about the similarities of virtual presence and presence occurring in other varieties of XR, and corresponding outcomes. The present work bridges this gap by analyzing the construct of presence in mixed realities (MR). To achieve this, the following presents (1) a short review of definitions, dimensions, and measurements of presence in VR, and (2) the state of the art views on MR. Additionally, we (3) derived a working definition of MR, extending the Milgram continuum. This definition is based on entities reaching from real to virtual manifestations at one time point. Entities possess different degrees of referential power, determining the selection of the frame of reference. Furthermore, we (4) identified three research desiderata, including research questions about the frame of reference, the corresponding dimension of transportation, and the dimension of realism in MR. Mainly the relationship between the main aspects of virtual presence of immersive VR, i.e., the place-illusion, and the plausibility-illusion, and of the referential power of MR entities are discussed regarding the concept, measures, and design of presence in MR. Finally, (5) we suggested an experimental setup to reveal the research heuristic behind experiments investigating presence in MR. The present work contributes to the theories and the meaning of and approaches to simulate and measure presence in MR. We hypothesize that research about essential underlying factors determining user experience (UX) in MR simulations and experiences is still in its infancy and hopes this article provides an encouraging starting point to tackle related questions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Brill2019,
  author    = {Brill, Michael},
  title     = {Spontaneous eye blinks as an alternative measure for spatial presence experiences},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-95826-094-8},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-095-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167898},
  school      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {xvi, 265},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Spatial presence, a state in which media users temporarily overlook the mediated nature of their media use experience, is frequently assessed by means of post-session self-report scales. However, such methods have methodical limitations, for example concerning measurement of dynamic fluctuations in presence during media use. Consequently, researchers have tested several approaches that try to infer subjective experiences of spatial presence from objectively measurable indicators. The present doctoral thesis examines aspects of temporal structure in spontaneous eye-blink behavior. Cognitive processes—and especially attention—are seen as essential antecedents of presence experiences. Because such cognitive processes influence timing of spontaneous eye-blinks, it is tested if the degree of stimulus-dependent structure in spontaneous eye-blink behavior is related to presence self-report scores. To address this research question, the thesis first establishes a theoretical framework, including theorizing and empirical findings on presence, on related media use phenomena, spontaneous eye-blink behavior, and subjective and objective approaches for presence assessment. Then, three experiments are presented that examine the relation between self-reported presence, and amount of stimulus-dependent structure in blinking behavior. Three different methods for quantification of stimulus-dependent structure are tested in different media environments, and are related to an established presence scale. Discussion of the experimental findings leads, on the one hand, to fundamental questions on the presence concept and on the understanding of stimulus-dependent structure in spontaneous eye-blink behavior. On the other hand, interpretation of the results emphasizes the necessity for methods with appropriate temporal resolution, that consider both media events and user behavior.},
  subject      = {Lidschlag},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hutmacher2023,
  author    = {Hutmacher, Fabian},
  title     = {Taking methodological pluralism seriously},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215737},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328221},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwabHennighausenAdleretal.2018,
  author    = {Schwab, Frank and Hennighausen, Christine and Adler, Dorothea C. and Carolus, Astrid},
  title     = {Television Is Still "Easy" and Print Is Still "Tough"? More Than 30 Years of Research on the Amount of Invested Mental Effort},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  number    = {1098},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01098},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189965},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We provide a literature overview of 30 years of research on the amount of invested mental effort (AIME, Salomon, 1984), illuminating relevant literature in this field. Since the introduction of AIME, this concept appears to have vanished. To obtain a clearer picture of where the theory of AIME has diffused, we conducted a literature search focusing on the period 1985-2015. We examined scientific articles (N = 244) that cite Salomon (1984) and content-analyzed their keywords. Based on these keywords, we identified seven content clusters: affect and motivation, application fields, cognition and learning, education and teaching, media technology, learning with media technology, and methods. We present selected works of each content cluster and describe in which research field the articles had been published. Results indicate that AIME was most commonly (but not exclusively) referred to in the area of educational psychology indicating its importance regarding learning and education, thereby investigating print and TV, as well as new media. From a methodological perspective, research applied various research methods (e.g., longitudinal studies, experimental designs, theoretical analysis) and samples (e.g., children, college students, low income families). From these findings, the importance of AIME for further research is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HutmacherMorgenroth2022,
  author    = {Hutmacher, Fabian and Morgenroth, Karolina},
  title     = {The beginning of the life story: The meaning of the earliest autobiographical memory from an adult perspective},
  series = {Applied Cognitive Psychology},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Applied Cognitive Psychology},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {0888-4080},
  doi       = {10.1002/acp.3948},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318610},
  pages     = {612 -- 622},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Earliest autobiographical memories mark a potential beginning of our life story. However, their meaning has hardly been investigated. Against this background, participants (N = 182) were asked to think about two kinds of meaning: the meaning that the remembered event might have had in the moment of experience and the meaning that the memory of the event has for their present life situation. With respect to the meaning in the moment of experience, participants most frequently referred to situational characteristics. The meaning for the present life situation was most frequently related to aspects of the memory that told something about the person beyond the immediate context of the remembered event. Moreover, these meanings were more frequently associated with continuity than with a contrast between then and now. Apart from these overarching commonalities, our data also show that the earliest autobiographical memories of different people can tell very different stories.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuenchowMengelkampBannert2017,
  author    = {M{\"u}nchow, Hannes and Mengelkamp, Christoph and Bannert, Maria},
  title     = {The better you feel the better you learn: do warm colours and rounded shapes enhance learning outcome in multimedia learning?},
  series = {Education Research International},
  volume    = {2017},
  journal   = {Education Research International},
  doi       = {10.1155/2017/2148139},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158566},
  pages     = {2148139},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The aim of the present study was to examine whether fostering positive activating affect during multimedia learning enhances learning outcome. University students were randomly assigned to either a multimedia learning environment designed to induce positive activating affect through the use of "warm" colours and rounded shapes () or an affectively neutral environment that used achromatic colours and sharp edges (). Participants learned about the topic of functional neuroanatomy for 20 minutes and had to answer several questions for comprehension and transfer afterwards. Affective states as well as achievement goal orientations were investigated before and after the learning phase using questionnaires. The results show that participants in the affectively positive environment were superior in comprehension as well as transfer when initial affect was strong. Preexperimental positive affect was therefore a predictor of comprehension and a moderator for transfer. Goal orientations did not influence these effects. The findings support the idea that positive affect, induced through the design of the particular multimedia learning environment, can facilitate performance if initial affective states are taken into account.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Winkler2023,
  author    = {Winkler, Julia},
  title     = {The Experience of Emotional Shifts as a Narrative Process: Investigating the Relationship of Emotional Shifts and Transportation and Their Roles in Narrative Persuasion},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32179},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321794},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Emotional shifts are often a fundamental part of the narrative experience and engrained into the schematic structures of stories. Recent theoretical work suggests that these shifts are key for narrative influence and are interconnected with transportation, a known mechanism of narrative effects. Empirical research examining this proposition is still scarce, inconclusive, and lacking measures that assess the experience of emotional shifts throughout a narrative to explain effects. This thesis aims to contribute to this research lacuna and investigates the link between emotional shifts, transportation, and story-consistent outcomes using different methods to measure emotional shifts in the moment they occur (Manuscript \#1 and \#2), and using various narrative stimuli (audiovisual, written, auditive). Manuscript \#1 uses real-time-response (RTR) measurement to examine the relationship of valence shifts experienced during film viewing with transportation and post-exposure self-reported emotional flow. Manuscript \#2 reports a pilot study and two experiments in which a self-probed emotional retrospection task is used to measure the number and intensity of emotional shifts during reading. I investigate the effect of reviews on transportation, the link between transportation and emotional shifts, and their respective associations with story-consistent attitudes, social sharing intentions, and donation behavior. In Manuscript \#3, narrative structures are manipulated. Two experiments examine the effects of audio stories with shifting (positive-negative-positive) vs. positive-only emotional trajectories on the experience of happiness- and sadness-shifts, transportation, and post-exposure emotional flow. Transportation was positively linked to valence shifts (M\#1), and the number and intensity of emotional shifts (M\#2), and emotional flow (M\#1, M\#3). In M\#3, transportation was predicted by shifts in happiness, but not sadness. Emotional flow was linked to shifts in happiness, sadness, and RTR valence (M\#1, M\#3). Emotional shifts and transportation were associated with social sharing intentions, but only transportation was linked to some story-consistent attitudes (affective attitudes in particular).},
  subject      = {Gef{\"u}hl},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrevesDodel2021,
  author    = {Breves, Priska and Dodel, Nicola},
  title     = {The influence of cybersickness and the media devices' mobility on the persuasive effects of 360° commercials},
  series = {Multimedia Tools and Applications},
  volume    = {80},
  journal   = {Multimedia Tools and Applications},
  number    = {18},
  issn      = {1573-7721},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11042-021-11057-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269194},
  pages     = {27299-27322},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {With the rise of immersive media, advertisers have started to use 360° commercials to engage and persuade consumers. Two experiments were conducted to address research gaps and to validate the positive impact of 360° commercials in realistic settings. The first study (N = 62) compared the effects of 360° commercials using either a mobile cardboard head-mounted display (HMD) or a laptop. This experiment was conducted in the participants' living rooms and incorporated individual feelings of cybersickness as a moderator. The participants who experienced the 360° commercial with the HMD reported higher spatial presence and product evaluation, but their purchase intentions were only increased when their reported cybersickness was low. The second experiment (N = 197) was conducted online and analyzed the impact of 360° commercials that were experienced with mobile (smartphone/tablet) or static (laptop/desktop) devices instead of HMDs. The positive effects of omnidirectional videos were stronger when participants used mobile devices.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LangeAndrianWerburgAdleretal.2019,
  author    = {Lange, Benjamin P. and Andrian-Werburg, Maximilian T. P. von and Adler, Dorothea C. and Zaretsky, Eugen},
  title     = {The name is the game: nicknames as predictors of personality and mating strategy in online dating},
  series = {Frontiers in Communication},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Communication},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcomm.2019.00003},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201659},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Objective: We investigated the communicative function of online dating nicknames. Our aim was to assess if it is possible to correctly guess personality traits of a user simply by reading his/her nickname. Method: We had 69 nickname users (average age: 33.59 years, 36 female) complete questionnaires assessing their personality (Big 5 + narcissism) and mating strategy (short- vs. long-term). We then checked (using a total of 638 participants, average age: 26.83 years, 355 female), whether personality and mating strategy of the nickname users could be assessed correctly based only on the nickname. We also captured the motivation to contact the user behind a nickname and looked at linguistic features of the nicknames. Results: We found that personality and mating strategy could be inferred from a nickname. Furthermore, going by trends, women were better at intersexual personality judgments, whereas men were better in intrasexual judgements. We also found several correlates of the motivation to contact the person behind the nickname. Among other factors, long nicknames seemed to deter people from contacting the nickname user. Conclusions: Findings display that humans are capable of making accurate personality judgements in computer-mediated communication by means of even small cues like nicknames.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MayrhoferHutmacher2020,
  author    = {Mayrhofer, Roland and Hutmacher, Fabian},
  title     = {The Principle of Inversion: Why the Quantitative-Empirical Paradigm Cannot Serve as a Unifying Basis for Psychology as an Academic Discipline},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.596425},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219487},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WienrichReitelbachCarolus2021,
  author    = {Wienrich, Carolin and Reitelbach, Clemens and Carolus, Astrid},
  title     = {The Trustworthiness of Voice Assistants in the Context of Healthcare Investigating the Effect of Perceived Expertise on the Trustworthiness of Voice Assistants, Providers, Data Receivers, and Automatic Speech Recognition},
  series = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcomp.2021.685250},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260209},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As an emerging market for voice assistants (VA), the healthcare sector imposes increasing requirements on the users' trust in the technological system. To encourage patients to reveal sensitive data requires patients to trust in the technological counterpart. In an experimental laboratory study, participants were presented a VA, which was introduced as either a "specialist" or a "generalist" tool for sexual health. In both conditions, the VA asked the exact same health-related questions. Afterwards, participants assessed the trustworthiness of the tool and further source layers (provider, platform provider, automatic speech recognition in general, data receiver) and reported individual characteristics (disposition to trust and disclose sexual information). Results revealed that perceiving the VA as a specialist resulted in higher trustworthiness of the VA and of the provider, the platform provider and automatic speech recognition in general. Furthermore, the provider's trustworthiness affected the perceived trustworthiness of the VA. Presenting both a theoretical line of reasoning and empirical data, the study points out the importance of the users' perspective on the assistant. In sum, this paper argues for further analyses of trustworthiness in voice-based systems and its effects on the usage behavior as well as the impact on responsible design of future technology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AbendscheinDesaiAstell2023,
  author    = {Abendschein, Robin and Desai, Shital and Astell, Arlene J.},
  title     = {Towards Accessibility Guidelines for the Metaverse : A Synthesis of Recommendations for People Living With Dementia},
  series = {Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'23) : Workshop "Towards an Inclusive and Accessible Metaverse"},
  booktitle = {Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'23) : Workshop "Towards an Inclusive and Accessible Metaverse"},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32019},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-320199},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Given the growing interest of corporate stakeholders in Metaverse applications, there is a need to understand accessibility of these technologies for marginalized populations such as people living with dementia to ensure inclusive design of Metaverse applications. We assessed the accessibility of extended reality technology for people living with mild cognitive impairment and dementia to develop accessibility guidelines for these technologies. We used four strategies to synthesize evidence for barriers and facilitators of accessibility: (1) Findings from a non-systematic literature review, (2) guidelines from well-researched technology, (3) exploration of selected mixed reality technologies, and (4) observations from four sessions and video data of people living with dementia using mixed reality technologies. We utilized template analysis to develop codes and themes towards accessibility guidelines. Future work can validate our preliminary findings by applying them on video recordings or testing them in experiments.},
  subject      = {CHI Conference},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HohmHappelHurtienneetal.2022,
  author    = {Hohm, Anna and Happel, Oliver and Hurtienne, J{\"o}rn and Grundgeiger, Tobias},
  title     = {User experience in safety-critical domains: a survey on motivational orientations and psychological need satisfaction in acute care},
  series = {Cognition, Technology \& Work},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Cognition, Technology \& Work},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1435-5558},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10111-022-00697-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324486},
  pages     = {247-260},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The relevance of user experience in safety-critical domains has been questioned and lacks empirical investigation. Based on previous studies examining user experience in consumer technology, we conducted an online survey on positive experiences with interactive technology in acute care. The participants of the study consisted of anaesthesiologists, nurses, and paramedics (N = 55) from three German cities. We report qualitative and quantitative data examining (1) the relevance and notion of user experience, (2) motivational orientations and psychological need satisfaction, and (3) potential correlates of hedonic, eudaimonic, and extrinsic motivations such as affect or meaning. Our findings reveal that eudaimonia was the most salient aspect in these experiences and that the relevance of psychological needs is differently ranked than in experiences with interactive consumer technology. We conclude that user experience should be considered in safety-critical domains, but research needs to develop further tools and methods to address the domain-specific requirements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mohme2020,
  author    = {Mohme, Sophia},
  title     = {Visuelle Aufmerksamkeitsverteilung von An{\"a}sthesisten bei der Einleitung einer Allgemeinan{\"a}sthesie in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von ihrer Erfahrung und der Umgebung},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-19851},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198519},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden experimentellen Studie wurde die visuelle Aufmerksamkeit von An{\"a}sthesisten w{\"a}hrend der Einleitung einer Allgemeinan{\"a}sthesie in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von ihrer Erfahrung mithilfe eines mobilen Eye-Tracking-Ger{\"a}tes untersucht. 12 Assistenten mit durchschnittlich 1,3 Jahren klinischer Erfahrung und ebenfalls 12 Fach{\"a}rzte mit durchschnittlich circa 10 Jahren klinischer Erfahrung nahmen an der Studie teil. Ebenso wurde der simulierte Fall mit der An{\"a}sthesieeinleitung am Patienten verglichen. Beide An{\"a}sthesisten-Gruppen f{\"u}hrten mit der Eye-Tracking-Brille jeweils eine Einleitung so-wohl an einem Simulator im Simulationsraum als auch am Patienten im Einleitungsraum vor dem OP-Saal durch. Diese Brille zeichnete dabei Daten zu Fixationspunkten und Blickbewegungen der Probanden auf. Angelehnt an Schulz et al.21 wurden 24 Areas of Interest definiert und diese den Gruppen „manuelle T{\"a}tigkeiten", „{\"U}berwachung" und „weitere Beobachtungspunkte" zugeordnet. Als abh{\"a}ngige Variable f{\"u}r die statistische Auswertung wurde die relative Verweildauer in Prozent genutzt und eine multivariate ANOVA gerechnet. Es ergab sich im Wesentlichen kein signifikanter Effekt des Faktors Erfahrung. Die Assistenten verteilten ihre visuelle Aufmerksamkeit nicht signifikant anders als die erfahreneren An{\"a}sthesisten und verhielten sich folglich in Bezug darauf weitgehend gleich. Der Erwerb dieses Verhaltens findet demnach anscheinend schon sehr fr{\"u}h statt, sodass mit 1,3 Jahren Erfahrung in dieser Hinsicht kein Unterschied zu deutlich mehr Erfahrung auftritt. Ein halbstandardisiertes Interview st{\"u}tzt diese Annahme. Der Faktor Umgebung beeinflusste aber signifikant das Verhalten der An{\"a}sthesisten. In der Simula-tion widmeten beide Gruppen sowohl der „{\"U}berwachung" insgesamt als auch „manu-ellen T{\"a}tigkeiten" w{\"a}hrend der Vorbereitungsphase mehr visuelle Aufmerksamkeit als in der Narkoseeinleitung am Patienten. Das ist einerseits mit den Einschr{\"a}nkungen der Simulationspuppe zu erkl{\"a}ren und liegt andererseits wahrscheinlich an der ungewohn-ten Umgebung und der unbekannten Pflegekraft, sodass die An{\"a}sthesisten das Material l{\"a}nger kontrollierten. Folglich schauten beide Gruppen w{\"a}hrend der Narkoseeinleitung am Patienten h{\"a}ufiger auf „weitere Beobachtungspunkte", was auch durch die h{\"o}here Komplexit{\"a}t und St{\"o}ranf{\"a}lligkeit dieser Situation schl{\"u}ssig wirkt. Optimierungsm{\"o}glichkeiten der Bedingungen im Simulationsraum werden angespro-chen, Anschlussstudien vorgeschlagen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Einsatz eines Eye-Tracking-Ger{\"a}tes auch w{\"a}hrend der hochsensiblen Einleitung einer Allgemein-an{\"a}sthesie am Patienten problemlos m{\"o}glich ist. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus liefert die Studie nun eine stark standardisierte Versuchsmethode, welche f{\"u}r weitere Forschungsfragen sehr empfohlen werden kann.},
  subject      = {An{\"a}sthesie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schneider2024,
  author    = {Schneider, Florian Alexander},
  title     = {Voice Assistants are Social Actors - An Empirical Analysis of Media Equation Effects in Human-Voice Assistant Interaction},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-34670},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-346704},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Ownership and usage of personal voice assistant devices like Amazon Echo or Google Home have increased drastically over the last decade since their market launch. This thesis builds upon existing computers are social actors (CASA) and media equation research that is concerned with humans displaying social reactions usually exclusive to human-human interaction when interacting with media and technological devices. CASA research has been conducted with a variety of technological devices such as desktop computers, smartphones, embodied virtual agents, and robots. However, despite their increasing popularity, little empirical work has been done to examine social reactions towards these personal stand-alone voice assistant devices, also referred to as smart speakers. Thus, this dissertation aims to adopt the CASA approach to empirically evaluate social responses to smart speakers. With this goal in mind, four laboratory experiments with a total of 407 participants have been conducted for this thesis. Results show that participants display a wide range of social reactions when interacting with voice assistants. This includes the utilization of politeness strategies such as the interviewer-bias, which led to participants giving better evaluations directly to a smart speaker device compared to a separate computer. Participants also displayed prosocial behavior toward a smart speaker after interdependence and thus a team affiliation had been induced. In a third study, participants applied gender stereotypes to a smart speaker not only in self-reports but also exhibited conformal behavior patterns based on the voice the device used. In a fourth and final study, participants followed the rule of reciprocity and provided help to a smart speaker device that helped them in a prior interaction. This effect was also moderated by subjects' personalities, indicating that individual differences are relevant for CASA research. Consequently, this thesis provides strong empirical support for a voice assistants are social actors paradigm. This doctoral dissertation demonstrates the power and utility of this research paradigm for media psychological research and shows how considering voice assistant devices as social actors lead to a more profound understanding of voice-based technology. The findings discussed in this thesis also have implications for these devices that need to be carefully considered both in future research as well as in practical design.},
  subject      = {Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HennighausenHuddersLangeetal.2016,
  author    = {Hennighausen, Christine and Hudders, Liselot and Lange, Benjamin P. and Fink, Hanna},
  title     = {What If the Rival Drives a Porsche? Luxury Car Spending as a Costly Signal in Male Intrasexual Competition},
  series = {Evolutionary Psychology},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Evolutionary Psychology},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.1177/1474704916678217},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-163481},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Previous research found that men conspicuously consume luxury products to attract a mate and to signal their mate value. However, these studies have yet neglected to investigate the function of male conspicuous consumption in same-sex competition. Given that intersexual selection and intrasexual selection are closely related processes, it stands to reason that a further function of male conspicuous consumption could be to impress and deter same-sex rivals. An 2 (intrasexual competition context vs. control) × 2 (conspicuous luxury vs. inconspicuous nonluxury) between-subjects experimental study conducted with an Amazon Mechanical Turk sample (N = 160) revealed that men reported both higher liking of and an intent to purchase a conspicuous luxury car compared to an inconspicuous nonluxury car due to increased feelings of social status. This effect was stronger in the intrasexual competition than in the control context. An additional perception study using a single-factor between-subjects design (conspicuous luxury vs. inconspicuous nonluxury car) among German men (N = 405) indicated that male participants rated a man who displayed a conspicuous luxury car more as a rival and mate poacher and less as a friend. They further perceived him to be superior on various mate value characteristics (i.e., attractiveness, intelligence, ambition, and status) and rated him as more oriented toward short-term mating. In sum, our findings add to previous research in the field of evolutionary consumer psychology by suggesting that male conspicuous consumption of luxuries may also serve a function in male-male competition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CarolusWienrichToerkeetal.2021,
  author    = {Carolus, Astrid and Wienrich, Carolin and T{\"o}rke, Anna and Friedel, Tobias and Schwietering, Christian and Sperzel, Mareike},
  title     = {'Alexa, I feel for you!' Observers' empathetic reactions towards a conversational agent},
  series = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcomp.2021.682982},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258807},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Conversational agents and smart speakers have grown in popularity offering a variety of options for use, which are available through intuitive speech operation. In contrast to the standard dyad of a single user and a device, voice-controlled operations can be observed by further attendees resulting in new, more social usage scenarios. Referring to the concept of 'media equation' and to research on the idea of 'computers as social actors,' which describes the potential of technology to trigger emotional reactions in users, this paper asks for the capacity of smart speakers to elicit empathy in observers of interactions. In a 2 × 2 online experiment, 140 participants watched a video of a man talking to an Amazon Echo either rudely or neutrally (factor 1), addressing it as 'Alexa' or 'Computer' (factor 2). Controlling for participants' trait empathy, the rude treatment results in participants' significantly higher ratings of empathy with the device, compared to the neutral treatment. The form of address had no significant effect. Results were independent of the participants' gender and usage experience indicating a rather universal effect, which confirms the basic idea of the media equation. Implications for users, developers and researchers were discussed in the light of (future) omnipresent voice-based technology interaction scenarios.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CarolusWienrich2022,
  author    = {Carolus, Astrid and Wienrich, Carolin},
  title     = {"Imagine this smart speaker to have a body": An analysis of the external appearances and the characteristics that people associate with voice assistants},
  series = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  issn      = {2624-9898},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcomp.2022.981435},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297175},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Introduction Modern digital devices, such as conversational agents, simulate human-human interactions to an increasing extent. However, their outward appearance remains distinctly technological. While research revealed that mental representations of technology shape users' expectations and experiences, research on technology sending ambiguous cues is rare. Methods To bridge this gap, this study analyzes drawings of the outward appearance participants associate with voice assistants (Amazon Echo or Google Home). Results Human beings and (humanoid) robots were the most frequent associations, which were rated to be rather trustworthy, conscientious, agreeable, and intelligent. Drawings of the Amazon Echos and Google Homes differed marginally, but "human," "robotic," and "other" associations differed with respect to the ascribed humanness, consciousness, intellect, affinity to technology, and innovation ability. Discussion This study aims to further elaborate on the rather unconscious cognitive and emotional processes elicited by technology and discusses the implications of this perspective for developers, users, and researchers.},
  language  = {en}
}