@article{SprengerMuesseHartkeetal.2021,
  author    = {Sprenger, Philipp P. and M{\"u}sse, Christian and Hartke, Juliane and Feldmeyer, Barbara and Schmitt, Thomas and Gebauer, Gerhard and Menzel, Florian},
  title     = {Dinner with the roommates: trophic niche differentiation and competition in a mutualistic ant-ant association},
  series = {Ecological Entomology},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Ecological Entomology},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1111/een.13002},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228215},
  pages     = {562 -- 572},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {1. The potential for competition is highest among species in close association. Despite net benefits for both parties, mutualisms can involve costs, including food competition. This might be true for the two neotropical ants Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior, which share the same nest in a presumably mutualistic association (parabiosis). 2. While each nest involves one Crematogaster and one Camponotus partner, both taxa were recently found to comprise two cryptic species that show no partner preferences and seem ecologically similar. Since these cryptic species often occur in close sympatry, they might need to partition their niches to avoid competitive exclusion. 3. Here, we investigated first, is there interference competition between parabiotic Camponotus and Crematogaster, and do they prefer different food sources under competition? And second, is there trophic niche partitioning between the cryptic species of either genus? 4. Using cafeteria experiments, neutral lipid fatty acid and stable isotope analyses, we found evidence for interference competition, but also trophic niche partitioning between Camponotus and Crematogaster. Both preferred protein- and carbohydrate-rich baits, but at protein-rich baits Ca. femoratus displaced Cr. levior over time, suggesting a potential discovery-dominance trade-off between parabiotic partners. Only limited evidence was found for trophic differentiation between the cryptic species of each genus. 5. Although we cannot exclude differentiation in other niche dimensions, we argue that neutral dynamics might mediate the coexistence of cryptic species. This model system is highly suitable for further studies of the maintenance of species diversity and the role of mutualisms in promoting species coexistence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DuMaYanez‐Serranoetal.2021,
  author    = {Du, Baoguo and Ma, Yuhua and Y{\´a}{\~n}ez-Serrano, Ana Maria and Arab, Leila and Fasbender, Lukas and Alfarraj, Saleh and Albasher, Gadah and Hedrich, Rainer and White, Philip J. and Werner, Christiane and Rennenberg, Heinz},
  title     = {Physiological responses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings to seawater and flooding},
  series = {New Phytologist},
  volume    = {229},
  journal   = {New Phytologist},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1111/nph.17123},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228226},
  pages     = {3318 -- 3329},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In their natural environment along coast lines, date palms are exposed to seawater inundation and, hence, combined stress by salinity and flooding. To elucidate the consequences of this combined stress on foliar gas exchange and metabolite abundances in leaves and roots, date palm seedlings were exposed to flooding with seawater and its major constituents under controlled conditions. Seawater flooding significantly reduced CO\(_{2}\) assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, but did not affect isoprene emission. A similar effect was observed upon NaCl exposure. By contrast, flooding with distilled water or MgSO\(_{4}\) did not affect CO\(_{2}\)/H\(_{2}\)O gas exchange or stomatal conductance significantly, indicating that neither flooding itself, nor seawater sulfate, contributed greatly to stomatal closure. Seawater exposure increased Na and Cl contents in leaves and roots, but did not affect sulfate contents significantly. Metabolite analyses revealed reduced abundances of foliar compatible solutes, such as sugars and sugar alcohols, whereas nitrogen compounds accumulated in roots. Reduced transpiration upon seawater exposure may contribute to controlling the movement of toxic ions to leaves and, therefore, can be seen as a mechanism to cope with salinity. The present results indicate that date palm seedlings are tolerant towards seawater exposure to some extent, and highly tolerant to flooding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeiboldHothornGossneretal.2021,
  author    = {Seibold, Sebastian and Hothorn, Torsten and Gossner, Martin M. and Simons, Nadja K. and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Ambarl{\i}, Didem and Ammer, Christian and Bauhus, J{\"u}rgen and Fischer, Markus and Habel, Jan C. and Penone, Caterina and Schall, Peter and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Weisser, Wolfgang W.},
  title     = {Insights from regional and short-term biodiversity monitoring datasets are valuable: a reply to Daskalova et al. 2021},
  series = {Insect Conservation and Diversity},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Insect Conservation and Diversity},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/icad.12467},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228309},
  pages     = {144 -- 148},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Reports of major losses in insect biodiversity have stimulated an increasing interest in temporal population changes. Existing datasets are often limited to a small number of study sites, few points in time, a narrow range of land-use intensities and only some taxonomic groups, or they lack standardised sampling. While new monitoring programs have been initiated, they still cover rather short time periods. Daskalova et al. 2021 (Insect Conservation and Diversity, 14, 1-18) argue that temporal trends of insect populations derived from short time series are biased towards extreme trends, while their own analysis of an assembly of shorter- and longer-term time series does not support an overall insect decline. With respect to the results of Seibold et al. 2019 (Nature, 574, 671-674) based on a 10-year multi-site time series, they claim that the analysis suffers from not accounting for temporal pseudoreplication. Here, we explain why the criticism of missing statistical rigour in the analysis of Seibold et al. (2019) is not warranted. Models that include 'year' as random effect, as suggested by Daskalova et al. (2021), fail to detect non-linear trends and assume that consecutive years are independent samples which is questionable for insect time-series data. We agree with Daskalova et al. (2021) that the assembly and analysis of larger datasets is urgently needed, but it will take time until such datasets are available. Thus, short-term datasets are highly valuable, should be extended and analysed continually to provide a more detailed understanding of insect population changes under the influence of global change, and to trigger immediate conservation actions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RosenfeldtHartmannLengetal.2021,
  author    = {Rosenfeldt, Mathias T. and Hartmann, Elena M. and Leng, Corinna and Rosenwald, Andreas and Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis},
  title     = {A case of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with unexpected EBV-latency type},
  series = {Annals of Hematology},
  volume    = {100},
  journal   = {Annals of Hematology},
  issn      = {0939-5555},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00277-020-04174-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232571},
  pages     = {2635-2637},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoehnFrimmelDebailleetal.2021,
  author    = {H{\"o}hn, Stefan and Frimmel, Hartwig E. and Debaille, Vinciane and Price, Westley},
  title     = {Pre-Klondikean oxidation prepared the ground for Broken Hill-type mineralization in South Africa},
  series = {Terra Nova},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Terra Nova},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1111/ter.12502},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218545},
  pages     = {168 -- 173},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {New Cu isotope data obtained on chalcopyrite from the Black Mountain and the Broken Hill deposits in the medium- to high-grade metamorphic Aggeneys-Gamsberg ore district (South Africa) require a revision of our understanding of the genesis of metamorphic Broken Hill-type massive sulphide deposits. Chalcopyrite from both deposits revealed unusually wide ranges in δ\(^{65}\)Cu (-2.41 to 2.84 per mille NIST 976 standard) in combination with distinctly positive mean values (0.27 and 0.94 per mille, respectively). This is interpreted to reflect derivation from various silicate and oxide precursor minerals in which Cu occurred in higher oxidation states. Together with the observation of a typical supergene base metal distribution within the deposits and their spatial association with an unconformity only meters above the ore horizon, our new data are best explained by supergene oxidation of originally possibly SEDEX deposits prior to metamorphic sulphide formation, between the Okiepian (1,210-1,180 Ma) and Klondikean (1,040-1,020 Ma) orogenic events.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlmeidaHristovaDashkovskiy2021,
  author    = {Almeida, R. and Hristova, S. and Dashkovskiy, S.},
  title     = {Uniform bounded input bounded output stability of fractional-order delay nonlinear systems with input},
  series = {International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/rnc.5273},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218554},
  pages     = {225 -- 249},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stability for a nonlinear Caputo fractional system with time-varying bounded delay and nonlinear output is studied. Utilizing the Razumikhin method, Lyapunov functions and appropriate fractional derivatives of Lyapunov functions some new bounded input bounded output stability criteria are derived. Also, explicit and independent on the initial time bounds of the output are provided. Uniform BIBO stability and uniform BIBO stability with input threshold are studied. A numerical simulation is carried out to show the system's dynamic response, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Wolf2021,
  author    = {Wolf, Matthias},
  title     = {How to teach about what is a species},
  series = {Biology},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Biology},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {2079-7737},
  doi       = {10.3390/biology10060523},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241052},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {To ask students what a species is always has something rhetorical about it. Too quickly comes the rote answer, often learned by heart without ever thinking about it: "A species is a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated from others), which occupies a specific niche in nature" (Mayr 1982). However, do two people look alike because they are twins or are they twins because they look alike? "Two organisms do not belong to the same species because they mate and reproduce, but they only are able to do so because they belong to the same species" (Mahner and Bunge 1997). Unfortunately, most biology (pre-university) teachers have no opinion on whether species are real or conceptual, simply because they have never been taught the question themselves, but rather one answer they still pass on to their students today, learned by heart without ever thinking about it. Species are either real or conceptual and, in my opinion, it is this "or" that we should teach about. Only then can we discuss those fundamental questions such as who or what is selected, who or what evolves and, finally, what is biodiversity and phylogenetics all about? Individuals related to each other by the tree of life.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GernerScherfClavel2021,
  author    = {Gerner, Bettina and Scherf-Clavel, Oliver},
  title     = {Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of Cabozantinib to simulate enterohepatic recirculation, drug-drug interaction with Rifampin and liver impairment},
  series = {Pharmaceutics},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Pharmaceutics},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {1999-4923},
  doi       = {10.3390/pharmaceutics13060778},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239661},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Cabozantinib (CAB) is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of several cancer types. Enterohepatic recirculation (EHC) of the substance is assumed but has not been further investigated yet. CAB is mainly metabolized via CYP3A4 and is susceptible for drug-drug interactions (DDI). The goal of this work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to investigate EHC, to simulate DDI with Rifampin and to simulate subjects with hepatic impairment. The model was established using PK-Sim® and six human clinical studies. The inclusion of an EHC process into the model led to the most accurate description of the pharmacokinetic behavior of CAB. The model was able to predict plasma concentrations with low bias and good precision. Ninety-seven percent of all simulated plasma concentrations fell within 2-fold of the corresponding concentration observed. Maximum plasma concentration (C\(_{max}\)) and area under the curve (AUC) were predicted correctly (predicted/observed ratio of 0.9-1.2 for AUC and 0.8-1.1 for C\(_{max}\)). DDI with Rifampin led to a reduction in predicted AUC by 77\%. Several physiological parameters were adapted to simulate hepatic impairment correctly. This is the first CAB model used to simulate DDI with Rifampin and hepatic impairment including EHC, which can serve as a starting point for further simulations with regard to special populations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HorderGuazaLasherasGrummeletal.2021,
  author    = {Horder, Hannes and Guaza Lasheras, Mar and Grummel, Nadine and Nadernezhad, Ali and Herbig, Johannes and Erg{\"u}n, S{\"u}leyman and Teßmar, J{\"o}rg and Groll, J{\"u}rgen and Fabry, Ben and Bauer-Kreisel, Petra and Blunk, Torsten},
  title     = {Bioprinting and differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cell spheroids for a 3D breast cancer-adipose tissue model},
  series = {Cells},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Cells},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.3390/cells10040803},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236496},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Biofabrication, including printing technologies, has emerged as a powerful approach to the design of disease models, such as in cancer research. In breast cancer, adipose tissue has been acknowledged as an important part of the tumor microenvironment favoring tumor progression. Therefore, in this study, a 3D-printed breast cancer model for facilitating investigations into cancer cell-adipocyte interaction was developed. First, we focused on the printability of human adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) spheroids in an extrusion-based bioprinting setup and the adipogenic differentiation within printed spheroids into adipose microtissues. The printing process was optimized in terms of spheroid viability and homogeneous spheroid distribution in a hyaluronic acid-based bioink. Adipogenic differentiation after printing was demonstrated by lipid accumulation, expression of adipogenic marker genes, and an adipogenic ECM profile. Subsequently, a breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) compartment was printed onto the adipose tissue constructs. After nine days of co-culture, we observed a cancer cell-induced reduction of the lipid content and a remodeling of the ECM within the adipose tissues, with increased fibronectin, collagen I and collagen VI expression. Together, our data demonstrate that 3D-printed breast cancer-adipose tissue models can recapitulate important aspects of the complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interplay within the tumor-stroma microenvironment},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WagnerMottUpcinetal.2021,
  author    = {Wagner, Nicole and Mott, Kristina and Upcin, Berin and Stegner, David and Schulze, Harald and Erg{\"u}n, S{\"u}leyman},
  title     = {CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells direct megakaryocyte protrusions across the bone marrow sinusoid wall},
  series = {Cells},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Cells},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {2073-4409},
  doi       = {10.3390/cells10040722},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234180},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Megakaryocytes (MKs) release platelets into the lumen of bone marrow (BM) sinusoids while remaining to reside within the BM. The morphogenetic events of this complex process are still not fully understood. We combined confocal laser scanning microscopy with transmission and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy followed by 3D-reconstruction on mouse BM tissue sections. These analyses revealed that MKs in close vicinity to BM sinusoid (BMS) wall first induce the lateral retraction of CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells (CAR), followed by basal lamina (BL) degradation enabling direct MK-sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) interaction. Subsequently, an endothelial engulfment starts that contains a large MK protrusion. Then, MK protrusions penetrate the SEC, transmigrate into the BMS lumen and form proplatelets that are in direct contact to the SEC surface. Furthermore, such processes are induced on several sites, as observed by 3D reconstructions. Our data demonstrate that MKs in interaction with CAR-cells actively induce BMS wall alterations, including CAR-cell retraction, BL degradation, and SEC engulfment containing a large MK protrusion. This results in SEC penetration enabling the migration of MK protrusion into the BMS lumen where proplatelets that are adherent to the luminal SEC surface are formed and contribute to platelet release into the blood circulation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AndelovicWinterJakobetal.2021,
  author    = {Andelovic, Kristina and Winter, Patrick and Jakob, Peter Michael and Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf and Herold, Volker and Zernecke, Alma},
  title     = {Evaluation of plaque characteristics and inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging},
  series = {Biomedicines},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Biomedicines},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2227-9059},
  doi       = {10.3390/biomedicines9020185},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228839},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the growth of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). These plaques often develop at inner curvatures of arteries, branchpoints, and bifurcations, where the endothelial wall shear stress is low and oscillatory. In conjunction with other processes such as lipid deposition, biomechanical factors lead to local vascular inflammation and plaque growth. There is also evidence that low and oscillatory shear stress contribute to arterial remodeling, entailing a loss in arterial elasticity and, therefore, an increased pulse-wave velocity. Although altered shear stress profiles, elasticity and inflammation are closely intertwined and critical for plaque growth, preclinical and clinical investigations for atherosclerosis mostly focus on the investigation of one of these parameters only due to the experimental limitations. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be a potent tool which can be used to provide insights into a large range of biological parameters in one experimental session. It enables the evaluation of the dynamic process of atherosclerotic lesion formation without the need for harmful radiation. Flow-sensitive MRI provides the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity which may replace invasive and radiation-based techniques for imaging of the vascular function and the characterization of early plaque development. In combination with inflammation imaging, the analyses and correlations of these parameters could not only significantly advance basic preclinical investigations of atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, but also the diagnostic clinical evaluation for early identification of high-risk plaques, which are prone to rupture. In this review, we summarize the key applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of plaque characteristics through flow sensitive and morphological measurements. The simultaneous measurements of functional and structural parameters will further preclinical research on atherosclerosis and has the potential to fundamentally improve the detection of inflammation and vulnerable plaques in patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OthmanFathyBekhitetal.2021,
  author    = {Othman, Eman M. and Fathy, Moustafa and Bekhit, Amany Abdlrehim and Abdel-Razik, Abdel-Razik H. and Jamal, Arshad and Nazzal, Yousef and Shams, Shabana and Dandekar, Thomas and Naseem, Muhammad},
  title     = {Modulatory and toxicological perspectives on the effects of the small molecule kinetin},
  series = {Molecules},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Molecules},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1420-3049},
  doi       = {10.3390/molecules26030670},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223064},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Plant hormones are small regulatory molecules that exert pharmacological actions in mammalian cells such as anti-oxidative and pro-metabolic effects. Kinetin belongs to the group of plant hormones cytokinin and has been associated with modulatory functions in mammalian cells. The mammalian adenosine receptor (A2a-R) is known to modulate multiple physiological responses in animal cells. Here, we describe that kinetin binds to the adenosine receptor (A2a-R) through the Asn253 residue in an adenosine dependent manner. To harness the beneficial effects of kinetin for future human use, we assess its acute toxicity by analyzing different biochemical and histological markers in rats. Kinetin at a dose below 1 mg/kg had no adverse effects on the serum level of glucose or on the activity of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in the kinetin treated rats. Whereas, creatinine levels increased after a kinetin treatment at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Furthermore, 5 mg/kg treated kinetin rats showed normal renal corpuscles, but a mild degeneration was observed in the renal glomeruli and renal tubules, as well as few degenerated hepatocytes were also observed in the liver. Kinetin doses below 5 mg/kg did not show any localized toxicity in the liver and kidney tissues. In addition to unraveling the binding interaction between kinetin and A2a-R, our findings suggest safe dose limits for the future use of kinetin as a therapeutic and modulatory agent against various pathophysiological conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YuanBorrmannHouetal.2021,
  author    = {Yuan, Yijun and Borrmann, Dorit and Hou, Jiawei and Ma, Yuexin and N{\"u}chter, Andreas and Schwertfeger, S{\"o}ren},
  title     = {Self-Supervised point set local descriptors for Point Cloud Registration},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s21020486},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223000},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Descriptors play an important role in point cloud registration. The current state-of-the-art resorts to the high regression capability of deep learning. However, recent deep learning-based descriptors require different levels of annotation and selection of patches, which make the model hard to migrate to new scenarios. In this work, we learn local registration descriptors for point clouds in a self-supervised manner. In each iteration of the training, the input of the network is merely one unlabeled point cloud. Thus, the whole training requires no manual annotation and manual selection of patches. In addition, we propose to involve keypoint sampling into the pipeline, which further improves the performance of our model. Our experiments demonstrate the capability of our self-supervised local descriptor to achieve even better performance than the supervised model, while being easier to train and requiring no data labeling.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YeWilhelmGentschevetal.2021,
  author    = {Ye, Mingyu and Wilhelm, Martina and Gentschev, Ivaylo and Szalay, Alad{\´a}r},
  title     = {A modified limiting dilution method for monoclonal stable cell line selection using a real-time fluorescence imaging system: A practical workflow and advanced applications},
  series = {Methods and Protocols},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Methods and Protocols},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.3390/mps4010016},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228896},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Stable cell lines are widely used in laboratory research and pharmaceutical industry. They are mainly applied in recombinant protein and antibody productions, gene function studies, drug screens, toxicity assessments, and for cancer therapy investigation. There are two types of cell lines, polyclonal and monoclonal origin, that differ regarding their homogeneity and heterogeneity. Generating a high-quality stable cell line, which can grow continuously and carry a stable genetic modification without alteration is very important for most studies, because polyclonal cell lines of multicellular origin can be highly variable and unstable and lead to inconclusive experimental results. The most commonly used technologies of single cell originate monoclonal stable cell isolation in laboratory are fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) sorting and limiting dilution cloning. Here, we describe a modified limiting dilution method of monoclonal stable cell line selection using the real-time fluorescence imaging system IncuCyte\(^®\)S3.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PhilippDietzBucheltetal.2021,
  author    = {Philipp, Marius and Dietz, Andreas and Buchelt, Sebastian and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Trends in satellite earth observation for permafrost related analyses — A review},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs13061217},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234198},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Climate change and associated Arctic amplification cause a degradation of permafrost which in turn has major implications for the environment. The potential turnover of frozen ground from a carbon sink to a carbon source, eroding coastlines, landslides, amplified surface deformation and endangerment of human infrastructure are some of the consequences connected with thawing permafrost. Satellite remote sensing is hereby a powerful tool to identify and monitor these features and processes on a spatially explicit, cheap, operational, long-term basis and up to circum-Arctic scale. By filtering after a selection of relevant keywords, a total of 325 articles from 30 international journals published during the last two decades were analyzed based on study location, spatio- temporal resolution of applied remote sensing data, platform, sensor combination and studied environmental focus for a comprehensive overview of past achievements, current efforts, together with future challenges and opportunities. The temporal development of publication frequency, utilized platforms/sensors and the addressed environmental topic is thereby highlighted. The total number of publications more than doubled since 2015. Distinct geographical study hot spots were revealed, while at the same time large portions of the continuous permafrost zone are still only sparsely covered by satellite remote sensing investigations. Moreover, studies related to Arctic greenhouse gas emissions in the context of permafrost degradation appear heavily underrepresented. New tools (e.g., Google Earth Engine (GEE)), methodologies (e.g., deep learning or data fusion etc.)and satellite data (e.g., the Methane Remote Sensing LiDAR Mission (Merlin) and the Sentinel-fleet)will thereby enable future studies to further investigate the distribution of permafrost, its thermal state and its implications on the environment such as thermokarst features and greenhouse gas emission rates on increasingly larger spatial and temporal scales.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeissHeinHewig2021,
  author    = {Weiß, Martin and Hein, Grit and Hewig, Johannes},
  title     = {Between joy and sympathy: Smiling and sad recipient faces increase prosocial behavior in the dictator game},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph18116172},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241106},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In human interactions, the facial expression of a bargaining partner may contain relevant information that affects prosocial decisions. We were interested in whether facial expressions of the recipient in the dictator game influence dictators´ ehavior. To test this, we conducted an online study (n = 106) based on a modified version of a dictator game. The dictators allocated money between themselves and another person (recipient), who had no possibility to respond to the dictator. Importantly, before the allocation decision, the dictator was presented with the facial expression of the recipient (angry, disgusted, sad, smiling, or neutral). The results showed that dictators sent more money to recipients with sad or smiling facial expressions and less to recipients with angry or disgusted facial expressions compared with a neutral facial expression. Moreover, based on the sequential analysis of the decision and the interaction partner in the preceding trial, we found that decision-making depends upon previous interactions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UpcinHenkeKleefeldtetal.2021,
  author    = {Upcin, Berin and Henke, Erik and Kleefeldt, Florian and Hoffmann, Helene and Rosenwald, Andreas and Irmak-Sav, Ster and Aktas, Huseyin Bertal and R{\"u}ckschloß, Uwe and Erg{\"u}n, S{\"u}leyman},
  title     = {Contribution of adventitia-derived stem and progenitor cells to new vessel formation in tumors},
  series = {Cells},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Cells},
  number    = {7},
  doi       = {10.3390/cells10071719},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242577},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Blocking tumor vascularization has not yet come to fruition to the extent it was hoped for, as angiogenesis inhibitors have shown only partial success in the clinic. We hypothesized that under- appreciated vascular wall-resident stem and progenitor cells (VW-SPCs) might be involved in tumor vascularization and influence effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy. Indeed, in patient samples, we observed that vascular adventitia-resident CD34\(^+\) VW-SPCs are recruited to tumors in situ from co-opted vessels. To elucidate this in detail, we established an ex vivo model using concomitant embedding of multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and mouse aortic rings (ARs) into collagen gels, similar to the so-called aortic ring assay (ARA). Moreover, ARA was modified by removing the ARs' adventitia that harbors VW-SPCs. Thus, this model enabled distinguishing the contribution of VW-SPCs from that of mature endothelial cells (ECs) to new vessel formation. Our results show that the formation of capillary-like sprouts is considerably delayed, and their number and network formation were significantly reduced by removing the adventitia. Substituting iPSC-derived neural spheroids for MCTS resulted in distinct sprouting patterns that were also strongly influenced by the presence or absence of VW-SPCs, also underlying the involvement of these cells in non-pathological vascularization. Our data suggest that more comprehensive approaches are needed in order to block all of the mechanisms contributing to tumor vascularization.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfisterKlaffehnKalckertetal.2021,
  author    = {Pfister, Robert and Klaffehn, Annika L. and Kalckert, Andreas and Kunde, Winfried and Dignath, David},
  title     = {How to lose a hand: Sensory updating drives disembodiment},
  series = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
  issn      = {1069-9384},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13423-020-01854-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235195},
  pages     = {827-833},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Body representations are readily expanded based on sensorimotor experience. A dynamic view of body representations, however, holds that these representations cannot only be expanded but that they can also be narrowed down by disembodying elements of the body representation that are no longer warranted. Here we induced illusory ownership in terms of a moving rubber hand illusion and studied the maintenance of this illusion across different conditions. We observed ownership experience to decrease gradually unless participants continued to receive confirmatory multisensory input. Moreover, a single instance of multisensory mismatch - a hammer striking the rubber hand but not the real hand - triggered substantial and immediate disembodiment. Together, these findings support and extend previous theoretical efforts to model body representations through basic mechanisms of multisensory integration. They further support an updating model suggesting that embodied entities fade from the body representation if they are not refreshed continuously.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuthWirthKunde2021,
  author    = {Muth, Felicitas V. and Wirth, Robert and Kunde, Winfried},
  title     = {Temporal binding past the Libet clock: testing design factors for an auditory timer},
  series = {Behavior Research Methods},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Behavior Research Methods},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13428-020-01474-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234922},
  pages     = {1322-1341},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Voluntary actions and causally linked sensory stimuli are perceived to be shifted towards each other in time. This so-called temporal binding is commonly assessed in paradigms using the Libet Clock. In such experiments, participants have to estimate the timing of actions performed or ensuing sensory stimuli (usually tones) by means of a rotating clock hand presented on a screen. The aforementioned task setup is however ill-suited for many conceivable setups, especially when they involve visual effects. To address this shortcoming, the line of research presented here establishes an alternative measure for temporal binding by using a sequence of timed sounds. This method uses an auditory timer, a sequence of letters presented during task execution, which serve as anchors for temporal judgments. In four experiments, we manipulated four design factors of this auditory timer, namely interval length, interval filling, sequence predictability, and sequence length, to determine the most effective and economic method for measuring temporal binding with an auditory timer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HockTerekhovStefanescuetal.2021,
  author    = {Hock, Michael and Terekhov, Maxim and Stefanescu, Maria Roxana and Lohr, David and Herz, Stefan and Reiter, Theresa and Ankenbrand, Markus and Kosmala, Aleksander and Gassenmaier, Tobias and Juchem, Christoph and Schreiber, Laura Maria},
  title     = {B\(_{0}\) shimming of the human heart at 7T},
  series = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
  volume    = {85},
  journal   = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/mrm.28423},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218096},
  pages     = {182 -- 196},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose Inhomogeneities of the static magnetic B\(_{0}\) field are a major limiting factor in cardiac MRI at ultrahigh field (≥ 7T), as they result in signal loss and image distortions. Different magnetic susceptibilities of the myocardium and surrounding tissue in combination with cardiac motion lead to strong spatio-temporal B\(_{0}\)-field inhomogeneities, and their homogenization (B0 shimming) is a prerequisite. Limitations of state-of-the-art shimming are described, regional B\(_{0}\) variations are measured, and a methodology for spherical harmonics shimming of the B\(_{0}\) field within the human myocardium is proposed. Methods The spatial B\(_{0}\)-field distribution in the heart was analyzed as well as temporal B\(_{0}\)-field variations in the myocardium over the cardiac cycle. Different shim region-of-interest selections were compared, and hardware limitations of spherical harmonics B\(_{0}\) shimming were evaluated by calibration-based B0-field modeling. The role of third-order spherical harmonics terms was analyzed as well as potential benefits from cardiac phase-specific shimming. Results The strongest B\(_{0}\)-field inhomogeneities were observed in localized spots within the left-ventricular and right-ventricular myocardium and varied between systolic and diastolic cardiac phases. An anatomy-driven shim region-of-interest selection allowed for improved B\(_{0}\)-field homogeneity compared with a standard shim region-of-interest cuboid. Third-order spherical harmonics terms were demonstrated to be beneficial for shimming of these myocardial B\(_{0}\)-field inhomogeneities. Initial results from the in vivo implementation of a potential shim strategy were obtained. Simulated cardiac phase-specific shimming was performed, and a shim term-by-term analysis revealed periodic variations of required currents. Conclusion Challenges in state-of-the-art B\(_{0}\) shimming of the human heart at 7 T were described. Cardiac phase-specific shimming strategies were found to be superior to vendor-supplied shimming.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HomburgWeissAlwanetal.2021,
  author    = {Homburg, Annika and Weiß, Christian H. and Alwan, Layth C. and Frahm, Gabriel and G{\"o}b, Rainer},
  title     = {A performance analysis of prediction intervals for count time series},
  series = {Journal of Forecasting},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Journal of Forecasting},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.1002/for.2729},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217906},
  pages     = {603 -- 609},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {One of the major motivations for the analysis and modeling of time series data is the forecasting of future outcomes. The use of interval forecasts instead of point forecasts allows us to incorporate the apparent forecast uncertainty. When forecasting count time series, one also has to account for the discreteness of the range, which is done by using coherent prediction intervals (PIs) relying on a count model. We provide a comprehensive performance analysis of coherent PIs for diverse types of count processes. We also compare them to approximate PIs that are computed based on a Gaussian approximation. Our analyses rely on an extensive simulation study. It turns out that the Gaussian approximations do considerably worse than the coherent PIs. Furthermore, special characteristics such as overdispersion, zero inflation, or trend clearly affect the PIs' performance. We conclude by presenting two empirical applications of PIs for count time series: the demand for blood bags in a hospital and the number of company liquidations in Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VogelBusslerFinnbergetal.2021,
  author    = {Vogel, Sebastian and Bussler, Heinz and Finnberg, Sven and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Stengel, Elisa and Thorn, Simon},
  title     = {Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches},
  series = {Insect Conservation and Diversity},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Insect Conservation and Diversity},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/icad.12442},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218401},
  pages     = {132 -- 143},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Tree species diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed forests. Yet, knowledge about the conservational importance of single tree species and implications for forest management and conservation practices are lacking. We exposed freshly cut branch-bundles of 42 tree species, representing tree species native and non-native to Europe, under sun-exposed and shaded conditions for 1 year. Afterwards, communities of saproxylic beetles were reared ex situ for 2 years. We tested for the impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities. Furthermore, the number of colonised tree species by each saproxylic beetle species was determined. Tree species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among tree species, with highest alpha- and gamma-diversity found in Quercus petraea. Red-listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non-native tree species as well as sun-exposed and shaded deadwood. Our study enhances the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and non-native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially red-listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species diversity and sun exposure of into forest management strategies, including the enrichment of deadwood from native and with a specific focus on locally rare or silviculturally less important tree species.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScheinerSinkSpatzetal.2021,
  author    = {Scheiner, Matthias and Sink, Alexandra and Spatz, Philipp and Endres, Erik and Decker, Michael},
  title     = {Photopharmacology on Acetylcholinesterase: Novel Photoswitchable Inhibitors with Improved Pharmacological Profiles},
  series = {ChemPhotoChem},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {ChemPhotoChem},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/cptc.202000119},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218445},
  pages     = {149 -- 159},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Considerable effort has previously been invested in a light-controlled inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We found that a novel azobenzene-based bistacrine AChE inhibitor switched faster than the known dithienylethene based bistacrine and inverted the photo-controlled interactions of the photoisomers compared to its dithienylethene congener. Furthermore, we have optimized a previously described light-controlled tacrine-based AChE inhibitor. Isomerization upon irradiation with UV light of the novel inhibitor was observed in aqueous medium and showed no fatigue over several cycles. The cis-enriched form showed an 8.4-fold higher inhibition of hAChE compared with its trans-enriched form and was about 30-fold more active than the reference compound tacrine with a single-digit nanomolar inhibition. We went beyond proof-of-concept to discover photoswitchable AChE inhibitors with pharmacologically desirable nanomolar inhibition, "cis-on" effect, and pronounces differences between the photoisomers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeineltKarathanasisSmithetal.2021,
  author    = {Weinelt, Nadine and Karathanasis, Christos and Smith, Sonja and Medler, Juliane and Malkusch, Sebastian and Fulda, Simone and Wajant, Harald and Heilemann, Mike and van Wijk, Sjoerd J. L.},
  title     = {Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TNFR1 reveals zafirlukast as antagonist of TNFR1 clustering and TNFα-induced NF-ĸB signaling},
  series = {Journal of Leukocyte Biology},
  volume    = {109},
  journal   = {Journal of Leukocyte Biology},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/JLB.2AB0420-572RR},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215960},
  pages     = {363 -- 371},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {TNFR1 is a crucial regulator of NF-ĸB-mediated proinflammatory cell survival responses and programmed cell death (PCD). Deregulation of TNFα- and TNFR1-controlled NF-ĸB signaling underlies major diseases, like cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, although being routinely used, antagonists of TNFα might also affect TNFR2-mediated processes, so that alternative approaches to directly antagonize TNFR1 are beneficial. Here, we apply quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) of TNFR1 in physiologic cellular settings to validate and characterize TNFR1 inhibitory substances, exemplified by the recently described TNFR1 antagonist zafirlukast. Treatment of TNFR1-mEos2 reconstituted TNFR1/2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with zafirlukast inhibited both ligand-independent preligand assembly domain (PLAD)-mediated TNFR1 dimerization as well as TNFα-induced TNFR1 oligomerization. In addition, zafirlukast-mediated inhibition of TNFR1 clustering was accompanied by deregulation of acute and prolonged NF-ĸB signaling in reconstituted TNFR1-mEos2 MEFs and human cervical carcinoma cells. These findings reveal the necessity of PLAD-mediated, ligand-independent TNFR1 dimerization for NF-ĸB activation, highlight the PLAD as central regulator of TNFα-induced TNFR1 oligomerization, and demonstrate that TNFR1-mEos2 MEFs can be used to investigate TNFR1-antagonizing compounds employing single-molecule quantification and functional NF-ĸB assays at physiologic conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RuboGamer2021,
  author    = {Rubo, Marius and Gamer, Matthias},
  title     = {Stronger reactivity to social gaze in virtual reality compared to a classical laboratory environment},
  series = {British Journal of Psychology},
  volume    = {112},
  journal   = {British Journal of Psychology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1111/bjop.12453},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215972},
  pages     = {301 -- 314},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {People show a robust tendency to gaze at other human beings when viewing images or videos, but were also found to relatively avoid gaze at others in several real-world situations. This discrepancy, along with theoretical considerations, spawned doubts about the appropriateness of classical laboratory-based experimental paradigms in social attention research. Several researchers instead suggested the use of immersive virtual scenarios in eliciting and measuring naturalistic attentional patterns, but the field, struggling with methodological challenges, still needs to establish the advantages of this approach. Here, we show using eye-tracking in a complex social scenario displayed in virtual reality that participants show enhanced attention towards the face of an avatar at near distance and demonstrate an increased reactivity towards her social gaze as compared to participants who viewed the same scene on a computer monitor. The present study suggests that reactive virtual agents observed in immersive virtual reality can elicit natural modes of information processing and can help to conduct ecologically more valid experiments while maintaining high experimental control.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KouhestaniGeisAlsourietal.2021,
  author    = {Kouhestani, Dina and Geis, Maria and Alsouri, Saed and Bumm, Thomas G. P. and Einsele, Hermann and Sauer, Markus and Stuhler, Gernot},
  title     = {Variant signaling topology at the cancer cell-T-cell interface induced by a two-component T-cell engager},
  series = {Cellular \& Molecular Immunology},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Cellular \& Molecular Immunology},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41423-020-0507-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241189},
  pages     = {1568-1570},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AtiyasDoganogluInceoglu2021,
  author    = {Atiyas, Izak and Doganoglu, Toker and Inceoglu, Firat},
  title     = {Upstream Competition with Complex and Unobservable Contracts},
  series = {Review of Industrial Organization},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Review of Industrial Organization},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11151-020-09766-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241161},
  pages     = {399-429},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This paper examines situations where two vertically integrated firms consider supplying an input to an independent downstream competitor via privately observed contracts. We identify equilibria where competition in the upstream market emerges—the downstream competitor gets supplied—as well as when the downstream firm does not receive the input and is excluded from the market. The likelihood of the outcome in which the downstream firm does not get supplied depends not only on demand parameters, but also on contractual flexibility and observability. We show that when contracts are unobservable, downstream entry will occur less often. Furthermore, our results suggest that permitting contracts that enable the contracting parties to coordinate their behavior in the downstream market may improve welfare by increasing the likelihood that the downstream firm is supplied.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HensgenEnglandHombergetal.2021,
  author    = {Hensgen, Ronja and England, Laura and Homberg, Uwe and Pfeiffer, Keram},
  title     = {Neuroarchitecture of the central complex in the brain of the honeybee: Neuronal cell types},
  series = {Journal of Comparative Neurology},
  volume    = {529},
  journal   = {Journal of Comparative Neurology},
  doi       = {10.1002/cne.24941},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215566},
  pages     = {159-186},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The central complex (CX) in the insect brain is a higher order integration center that controls a number of behaviors, most prominently goal directed locomotion. The CX comprises the protocerebral bridge (PB), the upper division of the central body (CBU), the lower division of the central body (CBL), and the paired noduli (NO). Although spatial orientation has been extensively studied in honeybees at the behavioral level, most electrophysiological and anatomical analyses have been carried out in other insect species, leaving the morphology and physiology of neurons that constitute the CX in the honeybee mostly enigmatic. The goal of this study was to morphologically identify neuronal cell types of the CX in the honeybee Apis mellifera. By performing iontophoretic dye injections into the CX, we traced 16 subtypes of neuron that connect a subdivision of the CX with other regions in the bee's central brain, and eight subtypes that mainly interconnect different subdivisions of the CX. They establish extensive connections between the CX and the lateral complex, the superior protocerebrum and the posterior protocerebrum. Characterized neuron classes and subtypes are morphologically similar to those described in other insects, suggesting considerable conservation in the neural network relevant for orientation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BruecknerHessStennettetal.2021,
  author    = {Br{\"u}ckner, Tobias and Heß, Merlin and Stennett, Tom E. and Rempel, Anna and Braunschweig, Holger},
  title     = {Synthesis of Boron Analogues of Enamines via Hydroamination of a Boron-Boron Triple Bond},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie, International Edition},
  volume    = {60},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie, International Edition},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.202012101},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240669},
  pages     = {736-741},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {An N-heterocyclic-carbene-stabilized diboryne undergoes rapid, high-yielding and catalyst-free hydroamina- tion reactions with primary amines, yielding 1-amino-2-hydro- diborenes, which can be considered boron analogues of enamines. The electronics of the organic substituent at nitrogen influence the structure and further reactivity of the diborene product. With electron-rich anilines, a second hydroamination can occur at the diborene to generate 1,1-diamino-2,2-dihy- drodiboranes. With isopropylamine, the electronic influence of the alkyl substituent upon the diborene leads to an unprece- dented boron-mediated intramolecular N-dearylation reaction of an N-heterocyclic carbene unit.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hoelscher‑DohtKladnyPauletal.2021,
  author    = {Hoelscher‑Doht, Stefanie and Kladny, A.-M. and Paul, M. M. and Eden, L. and Buesse, M. and Meffert, R. H.},
  title     = {Low-profile double plating versus dorsal LCP in stabilization of the olecranon fractures},
  series = {Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery},
  volume    = {145},
  journal   = {Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery},
  issn      = {0936-8051},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00402-020-03473-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235844},
  pages     = {245-251},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Introduction Proximal ulna fractures are common in orthopaedic surgery. Comminuted fractures require a high primary stability by the osteosynthesis, to allow an early functional rehabilitation as fast as possible, to reduce long-term limitations of range of motion. Classical dorsal plating is related to wound healing problems due to the prominence of the implant. New low-profile double plates are available addressing the soft tissue problems by positioning the plates at the medial and lateral side. This study analysed whether, under high loading conditions, these new double plates provide an equivalent stability as compared to the rigid olecranon locking compression plate (LCP). Materials and methods In Sawbones, Mayo Type IIB fractures were simulated and stabilized by plate osteosyntheses: In group one, two low-profile plates were placed. In group two, a single dorsal plate (LCP) was used. The bones was than cyclically loaded simulating flexion grades of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° of the elbow joint with increasing tension forces (150 , 150 , 300 and 500 N). The displacement and fracture gap movement were recorded. In the end, in load-to-failure tests, load at failure and mode of failure were determined. Results No significant differences were found for the displacement and fracture gap widening during cyclic loading. Under maximum loading, the double plates revealed a comparable load at failure like the single dorsal plate (LCP). The double plates failed with a proximal screw pull-out of the plate, whereas in the LCP group, in 10 out of 12 specimens the mode of failure was a diaphyseal shaft fracture at the distal plate peak. Conclusion Biomechanically, the double plates are a good alternative to the dorsal LCP providing a high stability under high loading conditions and, at the same, time reducing the soft tissue irritation by a lateral plate position.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FreimannDierkesPetermannetal.2021,
  author    = {Freimann, A. and Dierkes, M. and Petermann, T. and Liman, C. and Kempf, F. and Schilling, K.},
  title     = {ESTNeT: a discrete event simulator for space-terrestrial networks},
  series = {CEAS Space Journal},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {CEAS Space Journal},
  issn      = {1868-2502},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12567-020-00316-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235835},
  pages     = {39-49},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The capabilities of small satellites have improved significantly in recent years. Specifically multi-satellite systems become increasingly popular, since they allow the support of new applications. The development and testing of these multi-satellite systems is a new challenge for engineers and requires the implementation of appropriate development and testing environments. In this paper, a modular network simulation framework for space-terrestrial systems is presented. It enables discrete event simulations for the development and testing of communication protocols, as well as mission-based analysis of other satellite system aspects, such as power supply and attitude control. ESTNeT is based on the discrete event simulator OMNeT++ and will be released under an open source license.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AntonRoessler2021,
  author    = {Anton, Sylvia and R{\"o}ssler, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Plasticity and modulation of olfactory circuits in insects},
  series = {Cell and Tissue Research},
  volume    = {383},
  journal   = {Cell and Tissue Research},
  issn      = {0302-766X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00441-020-03329-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235820},
  pages     = {149-164},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Olfactory circuits change structurally and physiologically during development and adult life. This allows insects to respond to olfactory cues in an appropriate and adaptive way according to their physiological and behavioral state, and to adapt to their specific abiotic and biotic natural environment. We highlight here findings on olfactory plasticity and modulation in various model and non-model insects with an emphasis on moths and social Hymenoptera. Different categories of plasticity occur in the olfactory systems of insects. One type relates to the reproductive or feeding state, as well as to adult age. Another type of plasticity is context-dependent and includes influences of the immediate sensory and abiotic environment, but also environmental conditions during postembryonic development, periods of adult behavioral maturation, and short- and long-term sensory experience. Finally, plasticity in olfactory circuits is linked to associative learning and memory formation. The vast majority of the available literature summarized here deals with plasticity in primary and secondary olfactory brain centers, but also peripheral modulation is treated. The described molecular, physiological, and structural neuronal changes occur under the influence of neuromodulators such as biogenic amines, neuropeptides, and hormones, but the mechanisms through which they act are only beginning to be analyzed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EngertRakBieniussaetal.2021,
  author    = {Engert, Jonas and Rak, Kristen and Bieniussa, Linsa and Scholl, Miriam and Hagen, Rudolf and V{\"o}lker, Johannes},
  title     = {Evaluation of the Neurogenic Potential in the Rat Inferior Colliculus from Early Postnatal Days Until Adulthood},
  series = {Molecular Neurobiology},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Molecular Neurobiology},
  issn      = {0893-7648},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12035-020-02151-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235811},
  pages     = {719-734},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been recently identified in the inferior colliculus (IC). These cells are of particular interest, as no casual therapeutic options for impaired neural structures exist. This research project aims to evaluate the neurogenic potential in the rat IC from early postnatal days until adulthood. The IC of rats from postnatal day 6 up to 48 was examined by neurosphere assays and histological sections. In free-floating IC cell cultures, neurospheres formed from animals from early postnatal to adulthood. The amount of generated neurospheres decreased in older ages and increased with the number of cell line passages. Cells in the neurospheres and the histological sections stained positively with NSC markers (Doublecortin, Sox-2, Musashi-1, Nestin, and Atoh1). Dissociated single cells from the neurospheres differentiated and were stained positively for the neural lineage markers β-III-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein. In addition, NSC markers (Doublecortin, Sox-2, CDK5R1, and Ascl-1) were investigated by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, a neurogenic potential in the rat IC was detected and evaluated from early postnatal days until adulthood. The identification of NSCs in the rat IC and their age-specific characteristics contribute to a better understanding of the development and the plasticity of the auditory pathway and might be activated for therapeutic use.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bartfeld2021,
  author    = {Bartfeld, Sina},
  title     = {Realizing the potential of organoids — an interview with Hans Clevers},
  series = {Journal of Molecular Medicine},
  volume    = {99},
  journal   = {Journal of Molecular Medicine},
  issn      = {Journal of Molecular Medicine},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00109-020-02025-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235804},
  pages     = {443-447},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GenestClaussenRaketal.2021,
  author    = {Genest, F. and Claußen, L. and Rak, D. and Seefried, L.},
  title     = {Bone mineral density and fracture risk in adult patients with hypophosphatasia},
  series = {Osteoporosis International},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Osteoporosis International},
  issn      = {0937-941X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00198-020-05612-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235793},
  pages     = {377-385},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Summary In adult hypophosphatasia (HPP) patients, elevated lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) values are associated with markers of disease severity and disease-specific fracture risk while femoral bone mineral density (BMD), being largely unaffected by the disease severity, may still be useful to monitor other causes of increased fracture risk due to low BMD. Introduction Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder due to deficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Clinical manifestation in adult HPP patients is manifold including an increased risk for fractures, but data regarding clinical significance of DXA measurement and associations with fracture risk and disease severity is scarce. Methods Retrospective single-center analysis of DXA scans in patients with confirmed HPP (documented mutation, clinical symptoms, low alkaline phosphatase activity). Further data evaluation included disease-related fractures, laboratory results (alkaline phosphatase, pyridoxalphosphate, phosphoethanolamine), and medical history. Results Analysis included 110 patients (84 female, mean age of 46.2 years) of whom 37.3\% (n = 41) were harboring two mutations. Average T-Score level at the lumbar spine was - 0.1 (SD 1.9), and mean total hip T-Score was - 1.07 (SD 0.15). Both lower ALP activity and higher substrate levels (pyridoxalphosphate and phosphoethanolamine) were significantly correlated with increased lumbar spine T-Score levels (p < 0.001) while BMD at the hip was not affected by indicators of disease severity. Increased lumbar spine BMD was significantly associated with an increased risk for HPP-related fractures, prevalent in 22 (20\%) patients (p < 0.001) with 21 of them having biallelic mutations. Conclusion BMD in adult HPP patients is not systematically reduced. Conversely, increased lumbar spine BMD appears to be associated with severely compromised mineralization and increased risk for HPP-related fractures while BMD at the hip appears unaffected by indicators of disease severity, suggesting suitability of this anatomic location for assessing and discerning disorders with increased fracture risk owing to reduced BMD like osteoporosis. Trial registration number German register for clinical studies (DRKS00014022) Date of registration 02/10/2018 - retrospectively registered},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CapetianRoessnerKorteetal.2021,
  author    = {Capetian, Philipp and Roessner, Veit and Korte, Caroline and Walitza, Susanne and Riederer, Franz and Taurines, Regina and Gerlach, Manfred and Moser, Andreas},
  title     = {Altered urinary tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives in patients with Tourette syndrome: reflection of dopaminergic hyperactivity?},
  series = {Journal of Neural Transmission},
  volume    = {128},
  journal   = {Journal of Neural Transmission},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-020-02289-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235771},
  pages     = {115-121},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) such as salsolinol (SAL), norsalsolinol (NSAL) and their methylated derivatives N-methyl-norsalsolinol (NMNSAL) and N-methyl-salsolinol (NMSAL), modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission and metabolism in the central nervous system. Dopaminergic neurotransmission is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic tic disorders, such as Tourette syndrome (TS). Therefore, the urinary concentrations of these TIQ derivatives were measured in patients with TS and patients with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (TS + ADHD) compared with controls. Seventeen patients with TS, 12 with TS and ADHD, and 19 age-matched healthy controls with no medication took part in this study. Free levels of NSAL, NMNSAL, SAL, and NMSAL in urine were measured by a two-phase chromatographic approach. Furthermore, individual TIQ concentrations in TS patients were used in receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis to examine the diagnostic value. NSAL concentrations were elevated significantly in TS [434.67 ± 55.4 nmol/l (standard error of mean = S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and TS + ADHD patients [605.18 ± 170.21 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] compared with controls [107.02 ± 33.18 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and NSAL levels in TS + ADHD patients were elevated significantly in comparison with TS patients (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.017). NSAL demonstrated an AUC of 0.93 ± 0.046 (S.E.M) the highest diagnostic value of all metabolites for the diagnosis of TS. Our results suggest a dopaminergic hyperactivity underlying the pathophysiology of TS and ADHD. In addition, NSAL concentrations in urine may be a potential diagnostic biomarker of TS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoseSchrederHefneretal.2021,
  author    = {Hose, Dorothea and Schreder, Martin and Hefner, Jochen and Bittrich, Max and Danhof, Sophia and Strifler, Susanne and Krauth, Maria-Theresa and Schoder, Renate and Gisslinger, Bettina and Einsele, Hermann and Gisslinger, Heinz and Knop, Stefan},
  title     = {Elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone is a very well tolerated regimen associated with durable remission even in very advanced myeloma: a retrospective study from two academic centers},
  series = {Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology},
  volume    = {147},
  journal   = {Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology},
  issn      = {0171-5216},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00432-020-03323-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235762},
  pages     = {205-212},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background The anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody, elotuzumab (elo), plus lenalidomide (len) and dexamethasone (dex) is approved for relapsed/refractory MM in the U.S. and Europe. Recently, a small phase 2 study demonstrated an advantage in progression-free survival (PFS) for elo plus pomalidomide (pom)/dex compared to pom/dex alone and resulted in licensing of this novel triplet combination, but clinical experience is still limited. Purpose To analyze the efficacy and safety of elo/pom/dex in a "real world" cohort of patients with advanced MM, we queried the databases of the university hospitals of W{\"u}rzburg and Vienna. Findings We identified 22 patients with a median number of five prior lines of therapy who received elo/pom/dex prior to licensing within an early access program. Patients received a median number of 5 four-week treatment cycles. Median PFS was 6.4 months with 12-month and 18-month PFS rates of 35\% and 28\%, respectively. The overall response rate was 50\% and 64\% of responding patients who achieved a longer PFS with elo/pom/dex compared to their most recent line of therapy. Objective responses were also seen in five patients who had been pretreated with pomalidomide. Low tumor burden was associated with improved PFS (13.5 months for patients with ISS stage I/II at study entry v 6.4 months for ISS III), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. No infusion-related reactions were reported. The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia and pneumonia. Conclusion Elo/pom/dex is an active and well-tolerated regimen in highly advanced MM even after pretreatment with pomalidomide.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoelchGurokGilbertetal.2021,
  author    = {Boelch, Sebastian P. and Gurok, Anna and Gilbert, Fabian and Weißenberger, Manuel and Rudert, Maximilian and Barthel, Thomas and Reppenhagen, Stephan},
  title     = {Why compromise the patella? Five-year follow-up results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation},
  series = {International Orthopaedics},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {International Orthopaedics},
  issn      = {0341-2695},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00264-020-04922-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235751},
  pages     = {1493-1500},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose This study investigates the redislocation rate and functional outcome at a minimum follow-up of five years after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation for patella instability. Methods Patients were retrospectively identified and knees were evaluated for trochlea dysplasia according to Dejour, for presence of patella alta and for presence of cartilage lesion at surgery. At a minimum follow-up of five years, information about an incident of redislocation was obtained. Kujala, Lysholm, and Tegner questionnaires as well as range of motion were used to measure functional outcome. Results Eighty-nine knees were included. Follow-up rate for redislocation was 79.8\% and for functional outcome 58.4\%. After a mean follow-up of 5.8 years, the redislocation rate was 5.6\%. There was significant improvement of the Kujala score (68.8 to 88.2, p = 0.000) and of the Lysholm score (71.3 to 88.4, p = 0.000). Range of motion at follow-up was 149.0° (115-165). 77.5\% of the knees had patella alta and 52.9\% trochlear dysplasia types B, C, or D. Patellar cartilage legions were present in 54.2\%. Redislocations occurred in knees with trochlear dysplasia type C in combination with patella alta. Conclusion MPFL reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation leads to significant improvement of knee function and low midterm redislocation rate. Patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia should be considered for additional osseous correction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WannagatWaizeneggerNiedling2021,
  author    = {Wannagat, Wienke and Waizenegger, Gesine and Niedling, Gerhild},
  title     = {Coherence formation during narrative text processing: a comparison between auditory and audiovisual text presentation in 9- to 12-year-old children},
  series = {Cognitive Processing},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Cognitive Processing},
  issn      = {1612-4782},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10339-020-01008-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235744},
  pages     = {299-310},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In an experiment with 114 children aged 9-12 years, we compared the ability to establish local and global coherence of narrative texts between auditory and audiovisual (auditory text and pictures) presentation. The participants listened to a series of short narrative texts, in each of which a protagonist pursued a goal. Following each text, we collected the response time to a query word that was either associated with a near or a distant causal antecedent of the final sentence. Analysis of these response times indicated that audiovisual presentation has advantages over auditory presentation for accessing information relevant for establishing both local and global coherence, but there are indications that this effect may be slightly more pronounced for global coherence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Seufert2021,
  author    = {Seufert, Michael},
  title     = {Statistical methods and models based on quality of experience distributions},
  series = {Quality and User Experience},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Quality and User Experience},
  issn      = {2366-0139},
  doi       = {10.1007/s41233-020-00044-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235733},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Due to biased assumptions on the underlying ordinal rating scale in subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) studies, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)-based evaluations provide results, which are hard to interpret and can be misleading. This paper proposes to consider the full QoE distribution for evaluating, reporting, and modeling QoE results instead of relying on MOS-based metrics derived from results based on ordinal rating scales. The QoE distribution can be represented in a concise way by using the parameters of a multinomial distribution without losing any information about the underlying QoE ratings, and even keeps backward compatibility with previous, biased MOS-based results. Considering QoE results as a realization of a multinomial distribution allows to rely on a well-established theoretical background, which enables meaningful evaluations also for ordinal rating scales. Moreover, QoE models based on QoE distributions keep detailed information from the results of a QoE study of a technical system, and thus, give an unprecedented richness of insights into the end users' experience with the technical system. In this work, existing and novel statistical methods for QoE distributions are summarized and exemplary evaluations are outlined. Furthermore, using the novel concept of quality steps, simulative and analytical QoE models based on QoE distributions are presented and showcased. The goal is to demonstrate the fundamental advantages of considering QoE distributions over MOS-based evaluations if the underlying rating data is ordinal in nature.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BohnertReinertTrellaetal.2021,
  author    = {Bohnert, Simone and Reinert, Christoph and Trella, Stefanie and Schmitz, Werner and Ondruschka, Benjamin and Bohnert, Michael},
  title     = {Metabolomics in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics: a state-of-the-art method to interpret central nervous system-related pathological processes},
  series = {International Journal of Legal Medicine},
  volume    = {135},
  journal   = {International Journal of Legal Medicine},
  issn      = {0937-9827},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00414-020-02462-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235724},
  pages     = {183-191},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the last few years, quantitative analysis of metabolites in body fluids using LC/MS has become an established method in laboratory medicine and toxicology. By preparing metabolite profiles in biological specimens, we are able to understand pathophysiological mechanisms at the biochemical and thus the functional level. An innovative investigative method, which has not yet been used widely in the forensic context, is to use the clinical application of metabolomics. In a metabolomic analysis of 41 samples of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples divided into cohorts of four different causes of death, namely, cardiovascular fatalities, isoIated torso trauma, traumatic brain injury, and multi-organ failure, we were able to identify relevant differences in the metabolite profile between these individual groups. According to this preliminary assessment, we assume that information on biochemical processes is not gained by differences in the concentration of individual metabolites in CSF, but by a combination of differently distributed metabolites forming the perspective of a new generation of biomarkers for diagnosing (fatal) TBI and associated neuropathological changes in the CNS using CSF samples.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZetzlRennerPittigetal.2021,
  author    = {Zetzl, Teresa and Renner, Agnes and Pittig, Andre and Jentschke, Elisabeth and Roch, Carmen and van Oorschot, Birgitt},
  title     = {Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer},
  series = {Supportive Care in Cancer},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Supportive Care in Cancer},
  issn      = {0941-4355},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00520-020-05794-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235415},
  pages     = {2973-2982},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer. Methods A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1). Results A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy. Conclusion The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerbortKrauseKunde2021,
  author    = {Herbort, Oliver and Krause, Lisa-Marie and Kunde, Wilfried},
  title     = {Perspective determines the production and interpretation of pointing gestures},
  series = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
  issn      = {1069-9384},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13423-020-01823-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235293},
  pages     = {641-648},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Pointing is a ubiquitous means of communication. Nevertheless, observers systematically misinterpret the location indicated by pointers. We examined whether these misunderstandings result from the typically different viewpoints of pointers and observers. Participants either pointed themselves or interpreted points while assuming the pointer's or a typical observer perspective in a virtual reality environment. The perspective had a strong effect on the relationship between pointing gestures and referents, whereas the task had only a minor influence. This suggests that misunderstandings between pointers and observers primarily result from their typically different viewpoints.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KonijnenbergHerrmannKobeetal.2021,
  author    = {Konijnenberg, Mark and Herrmann, Ken and Kobe, Carsten and Verburg, Frederik and Hindorf, Cecilia and Hustinx, Roland and Lassmann, Michael},
  title     = {EANM position paper on article 56 of the Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom (basic safety standards) for nuclear medicine therapy},
  series = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
  issn      = {1619-7070},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00259-020-05038-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235280},
  pages     = {67-72},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The EC Directive 2013/59/Euratom states in article 56 that exposures of target volumes in nuclear medicine treatments shall be individually planned and their delivery appropriately verified. The Directive also mentions that medical physics experts should always be appropriately involved in those treatments. Although it is obvious that, in nuclear medicine practice, every nuclear medicine physician and physicist should follow national rules and legislation, the EANM considered it necessary to provide guidance on how to interpret the Directive statements for nuclear medicine treatments. For this purpose, the EANM proposes to distinguish three levels in compliance to the optimization principle in the directive, inspired by the indication of levels in prescribing, recording and reporting of absorbed doses after radiotherapy defined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU): Most nuclear medicine treatments currently applied in Europe are standardized. The minimum requirement for those treatments is ICRU level 1 ("activity-based prescription and patient-averaged dosimetry"), which is defined by administering the activity within 10\% of the intended activity, typically according to the package insert or to the respective EANM guidelines, followed by verification of the therapy delivery, if applicable. Non-standardized treatments are essentially those in developmental phase or approved radiopharmaceuticals being used off-label with significantly (> 25\% more than in the label) higher activities. These treatments should comply with ICRU level 2 ("activity-based prescription and patient-specific dosimetry"), which implies recording and reporting of the absorbed dose to organs at risk and optionally the absorbed dose to treatment regions. The EANM strongly encourages to foster research that eventually leads to treatment planning according to ICRU level 3 ("dosimetry-guided patient-specific prescription and verification"), whenever possible and relevant. Evidence for superiority of therapy prescription on basis of patient-specific dosimetry has not been obtained. However, the authors believe that a better understanding of therapy dosimetry, i.e. how much and where the energy is delivered, and radiobiology, i.e. radiation-related processes in tissues, are keys to the long-term improvement of our treatments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SerflingZhiSchirbeletal.2021,
  author    = {Serfling, S. and Zhi, Y. and Schirbel, A. and Lindner, T. and Meyer, T. and Gerhard-Hartmann, E. and Lappa, C. and Hagen, R. and Hackenberg, S. and Buck, A. K. and Scherzad, A.},
  title     = {Improved cancer detection in Waldeyer's tonsillar ring by \(^{68}\)Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging},
  series = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
  issn      = {1619-7070},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00259-020-05055-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235271},
  pages     = {1178-1187},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose In cancer of unknown primary (CUP), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose analog [\(^{18}\)F]FDG represents the standard imaging approach for localization of the malignant primary. Frequently, however, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG PET/CT cannot precisely distinguish between small occult tumors and chronic inflammation, especially in Waldeyer's tonsillar ring. To improve the accuracy for detecting primary tumors in the Waldeyer's tonsillar ring, the novel PET tracer [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 for specific imaging of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression was used as a more specific target for cancer imaging. Methods Eight patients with suspicion of a malignant tumor in Waldeyer's tonsillar ring or a CUP syndrome were examined. PET/CT scans with [\(^{18}\)F]-FDG and [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 were performed for pre-operative tumor localization. After surgical resection, histopathological and immunohistochemical results were compared to PET/CT findings. Results Histopathology revealed a palatine or lingual tonsil carcinoma in all patients. In case of lymph node metastases smaller than 7 mm in size, the [\(^{18}\)F]FDG PET/CT detection rate of cervical lymph node metastases was higher than that of [\(^{68}\)Ga]FAPI PET/CT, while both tracers identified the primary tumors in all eight cases. The size of the primary and the lymph node metastases was directly correlated to the respective FAP expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry. The mean SUVmax for the primary tumors was 21.29 ± 7.97 for \(^{18}\)F-FDG and 16.06 ± 6.29 for \(^{68}\)Ga-FAPI, respectively (p = 0.2). The mean SUVmax for the healthy contralateral tonsils was 8.38 ± 2.45 for [\(^{18}\)F]FDG and 3.55 ± 0.47 for [\(^{68}\)Ga]FAPI (p < 0.001). The SUVmax ratio of [68Ga]FAPI was significantly different from [\(^{18}\)F] FDG (p = 0.03). Mean TBRmax for the [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 tracer was markedly higher in comparison to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG (10.90 vs. 4.11). Conclusion Non-invasive imaging of FAP expression by [\(^{68}\)Ga]FAPI PET/CT resulted in a better visual detection of the malignant primary in CUP, as compared to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG imaging. However, the detection rate of lymph node metastases was inferior, presumably due to low FAP expression in small metastases. Nevertheless, by offering a detection method for primary tumors with the potential of lower false positive rates and thus avoiding biopsies, patients with CUP syndrome may benefit from [\(^{68}\)Ga]FAPI PET/CT imaging.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiechelmannGamerBoeckleretal.2021,
  author    = {Riechelmann, Eva and Gamer, Matthias and B{\"o}ckler, Anna and Huestegge, Lynn},
  title     = {How ubiquitous is the direct-gaze advantage? Evidence for an averted-gaze advantage in a gaze-discrimination task},
  series = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics},
  volume    = {83},
  journal   = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics},
  issn      = {1943-3921},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13414-020-02147-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235268},
  pages     = {215-237},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Human eye gaze conveys an enormous amount of socially relevant information, and the rapid assessment of gaze direction is of particular relevance in order to adapt behavior accordingly. Specifically, previous research demonstrated evidence for an advantage of processing direct (vs. averted) gaze. The present study examined discrimination performance for gaze direction (direct vs. averted) under controlled presentation conditions: Using a backward-masking gaze-discrimination task, photographs of faces with direct and averted gaze were briefly presented, followed by a mask stimulus. Additionally, effects of facial context on gaze discrimination were assessed by either presenting gaze direction in isolation (i.e., by only showing the eye region) or in the context of an upright or inverted face. Across three experiments, we consistently observed a facial context effect with highest discrimination performance for faces presented in upright position, lower performance for inverted faces, and lowest performance for eyes presented in isolation. Additionally, averted gaze was generally responded to faster and with higher accuracy than direct gaze, indicating an averted-gaze advantage. Overall, the results suggest that direct gaze is not generally associated with processing advantages, thereby highlighting the important role of presentation conditions and task demands in gaze perception.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AngerDoeringvanDametal.2021,
  author    = {Anger, Friedrich and D{\"o}ring, Anna and van Dam, Jacob and Lock, Johann Frisco and Klein, Ingo and Bittrich, Max and Germer, Christoph-Thomas and Wiegering, Armin and Kunzmann, Volker and van Eijck, Casper and L{\"o}b, Stefan},
  title     = {Impact of Borderline Resectability in Pancreatic Head Cancer on Patient Survival: Biology Matters According to the New International Consensus Criteria},
  series = {Annals of Surgical Oncology},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Annals of Surgical Oncology},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1068-9265},
  doi       = {10.1245/s10434-020-09100-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235251},
  pages     = {2325-2336},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background International consensus criteria (ICC) have redefined borderline resectability for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) according to three dimensions: anatomical (BR-A), biological (BR-B), and conditional (BR-C). The present definition acknowledges that resectability is not just about the anatomic relationship between the tumour and vessels but that biological and conditional dimensions also are important. Methods Patients' tumours were retrospectively defined borderline resectable according to ICC. The study cohort was grouped into either BR-A or BR-B and compared with patients considered primarily resectable (R). Differences in postoperative complications, pathological reports, overall (OS), and disease-free survival were assessed. Results A total of 345 patients underwent resection for PDAC. By applying ICC in routine preoperative assessment, 30 patients were classified as stage BR-A and 62 patients as stage BR-B. In total, 253 patients were considered R. The cohort did not contain BR-C patients. No differences in postoperative complications were detected. Median OS was significantly shorter in BR-A (15 months) and BR-B (12 months) compared with R (20 months) patients (BR-A vs. R: p = 0.09 and BR-B vs. R: p < 0.001). CA19-9, as the determining factor of BR-B patients, turned out to be an independent prognostic risk factor for OS. Conclusions Preoperative staging defining surgical resectability in PDAC according to ICC is crucial for patient survival. Patients with PDAC BR-B should be considered for multimodal neoadjuvant therapy even if considered anatomically resectable.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrunzPennigFieberetal.2021,
  author    = {Grunz, Jan-Peter and Pennig, Lenhard and Fieber, Tabea and Gietzen, Carsten Herbert and Heidenreich, Julius Frederik and Huflage, Henner and Gruschwitz, Philipp and Kuhl, Philipp Josef and Petritsch, Bernhard and Kosmala, Aleksander and Bley, Thorsten Alexander and Gassenmaier, Tobias},
  title     = {Twin robotic x-ray system in small bone and joint trauma: Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on treatment decisions},
  series = {European Radiology},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {European Radiology},
  issn      = {0938-7994},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00330-020-07563-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235233},
  pages     = {3600-3609},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Objectives Trauma evaluation of extremities can be challenging in conventional radiography. A multi-use x-ray system with cone-beam CT (CBCT) option facilitates ancillary 3-D imaging without repositioning. We assessed the clinical value of CBCT scans by analyzing the influence of additional findings on therapy. Methods Ninety-two patients underwent radiography and subsequent CBCT imaging with the twin robotic scanner (76 wrist/hand/finger and 16 ankle/foot/toe trauma scans). Reports by on-call radiologists before and after CBCT were compared regarding fracture detection, joint affliction, comminuted injuries, and diagnostic confidence. An orthopedic surgeon recommended therapy based on reported findings. Surgical reports (N = 52) and clinical follow-up (N = 85) were used as reference standard. Results CBCT detected more fractures (83/64 of 85), joint involvements (69/53 of 71), and multi-fragment situations (68/50 of 70) than radiography (all p < 0.001). Six fractures suspected in radiographs were ruled out by CBCT. Treatment changes based on additional information from CBCT were recommended in 29 patients (31.5\%). While agreement between advised therapy before CBCT and actual treatment was moderate (κ = 0.41 [95\% confidence interval 0.35-0.47]; p < 0.001), agreement after CBCT was almost perfect (κ = 0.88 [0.83-0.93]; p < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence increased considerably for CBCT studies (p < 0.001). Median effective dose for CBCT was 4.3 μSv [3.3-5.3 μSv] compared to 0.2 μSv [0.1-0.2 μSv] for radiography. Conclusions CBCT provides advantages for the evaluation of acute small bone and joint trauma by detecting and excluding extremity fractures and fracture-related findings more reliably than radiographs. Additional findings induced therapy change in one third of patients, suggesting substantial clinical impact.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrzalkowskaStrzalkowskiAlYousefetal.2021,
  author    = {Strzalkowska, A. and Strzalkowski, P. and Al Yousef, Y. and Grehn, F. and Hillenkamp, J. and Loewen, Nils A.},
  title     = {Exact matching of trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy to conventional trabeculectomy with mitomycin C followed for 2 years},
  series = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {259},
  journal   = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
  issn      = {0721-832X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00417-020-05031-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235224},
  pages     = {963-970},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose We used exact matching for a highly balanced comparison of ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT) with the trabectome to trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (TRAB). Methods A total of 5485 patients who underwent AIT were exact-matched to 196 TRAB patients by baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, and glaucoma type. Nearest-neighbor-matching was applied to age. Success was defined as a final IOP of less than 21 mmHg, IOP reduction of at least 20\% reduction from baseline, and no secondary surgical interventions. Outcomes were measured at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Results A total of 165 AIT could be matched to 165 TRAB. The mean baseline IOP was 22.3 ± 5.6 mmHg, and the baseline number of glaucoma medications was 2.7 ± 1.1 in both groups. At 24 months, IOP was reduced to 15.8 ± 5.2 mmHg in AIT and 12.4 ± 4.7 mmHg in TRAB. IOP was lower than baseline at all visits (p < 0.01) and lower in TRAB than AIT (p < 0.01). Glaucoma medications were reduced to 2.1 ± 1.3 in AIT and 0.2 ± 0.8 in TRAB. Compared to baseline, patients used fewer drops postoperatively (p < 0.01) and more infrequently in TRAB than in AIT (p > 0.01). Secondary surgical interventions had the highest impact on success and became necessary in 15 AIT and 59 TRAB patients. Thirty-two challenging events occurred in TRAB and none in AIT. Conclusion Both AIT and TRAB reduced IOP and medications. This reduction was more significant in TRAB but at the expense of four times as many secondary interventions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhouBaiMeckeletal.2021,
  author    = {Zhou, Xiang and Bai, Tao and Meckel, Katharina and Song, Jun and Jin, Yu and Kort{\"u}m, Martin K. and Eisele, Hermann and Hou, Xiaohua and Rasche, Leo},
  title     = {COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from W{\"u}rzburg and Wuhan},
  series = {Annals of Hematology},
  volume    = {100},
  journal   = {Annals of Hematology},
  issn      = {0939-5555},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00277-020-04184-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235108},
  pages     = {843-846},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}