@article{ScholzGuanNieberleretal.2017,
  author    = {Scholz, Nicole and Guan, Chonglin and Nieberler, Matthias and Grotmeyer, Alexander and Maiellaro, Isabella and Gao, Shiqiang and Beck, Sebastian and Pawlak, Matthias and Sauer, Markus and Asan, Esther and Rothemund, Sven and Winkler, Jana and Pr{\"o}mel, Simone and Nagel, Georg and Langenhan, Tobias and Kittel, Robert J},
  title     = {Mechano-dependent signaling by Latrophilin/CIRL quenches cAMP in proprioceptive neurons},
  series = {eLife},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {eLife},
  number    = {e28360},
  doi       = {10.7554/eLife.28360},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170520},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Adhesion-type G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs), a large molecule family with over 30 members in humans, operate in organ development, brain function and govern immunological responses. Correspondingly, this receptor family is linked to a multitude of diverse human diseases. aGPCRs have been suggested to possess mechanosensory properties, though their mechanism of action is fully unknown. Here we show that the Drosophila aGPCR Latrophilin/dCIRL acts in mechanosensory neurons by modulating ionotropic receptor currents, the initiating step of cellular mechanosensation. This process depends on the length of the extended ectodomain and the tethered agonist of the receptor, but not on its autoproteolysis, a characteristic biochemical feature of the aGPCR family. Intracellularly, dCIRL quenches cAMP levels upon mechanical activation thereby specifically increasing the mechanosensitivity of neurons. These results provide direct evidence that the aGPCR dCIRL acts as a molecular sensor and signal transducer that detects and converts mechanical stimuli into a metabotropic response.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScholzGehringGuanetal.2015,
  author    = {Scholz, Nicole and Gehring, Jennifer and Guan, Chonglin and Ljaschenko, Dmitrij and Fischer, Robin and Lakshmanan, Vetrivel and Kittel, Robert J. and Langenhan, Tobias},
  title     = {The adhesion GPCR Latrophilin/CIRL shapes mechanosensation},
  series = {Cell Reports},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Cell Reports},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.008},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148626},
  pages     = {866-874},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are typically regarded as chemosensors that control cellular states in response to soluble extracellular cues. However, the modality of stimuli recognized through adhesion GPCR (aGPCR), the second largest class of the GPCR superfamily, is unresolved. Our study characterizes the Drosophila aGPCR Latrophilin/dCirl, a prototype member of this enigmatic receptor class. We show that dCirl shapes the perception of tactile, proprioceptive, and auditory stimuli through chordotonal neurons, the principal mechanosensors of Drosophila. dCirl sensitizes these neurons for the detection of mechanical stimulation by amplifying their input-output function. Our results indicate that aGPCR may generally process and modulate the perception of mechanical signals, linking these important stimuli to the sensory canon of the GPCR superfamily.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Guan2016,
  author    = {Guan, Chonglin},
  title     = {Functional and genetic dissection of mechanosensory organs of \(Drosophila\) \(melanogaster\)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146220},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {In Drosophila larvae and adults, chordotonal organs (chos) are highly versatile mechanosensors that are essential for proprioception, touch sensation and hearing. Chos share molecular, anatomical and functional properties with the inner ear hair cells of mammals. These multiple similarities make chos powerful models for the molecular study of mechanosensation. In the present study, I have developed a preparation to directly record from the sensory neurons of larval chos (from the lateral chos or lch5) and managed to correlate defined mechanical inputs with the corresponding electrical outputs. The findings of this setup are described in several case studies. (1) The basal functional lch5 parameters, including the time course of response during continuous mechanical stimulation and the recovery time between successive bouts of stimulation, was characterized. (2) The calcium-independent receptor of α-latrotoxin (dCIRL/Latrophilin), an Adhesion class G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR), is identified as a modulator of the mechanical signals perceived by lch5 neurons. The results indicate that dCIRL/Latrophilin is required for the perception of external and internal mechanical stimuli and shapes the sensitivity of neuronal mechanosensation. (3) By combining this setup with optogenetics, I have confirmed that dCIRL modulates lch5 neuronal activity at the level of their receptor current (sensory encoding) rather than their ability to generate action potentials. (4) dCIRL´s structural properties (e.g. ectodomain length) are essential for the mechanosensitive properties of chordotonal neurons. (5) The versatility of chos also provides an opportunity to study multimodalities at multiple levels. In this context, I performed an experiment to directly record neuronal activities at different temperatures. The results show that both spontaneous and mechanically evoked activity increase in proportion to temperature, suggesting that dCIRL is not required for thermosensation in chos. These findings, from the development of an assay of sound/vibration sensation, to neuronal signal processing, to molecular aspects of mechanosensory transduction, have provided the first insights into the mechanosensitivity of dCIRL. In addition to the functional screening of peripheral sensory neurons, another electrophysiological approach was applied in the central nervous system: dCIRL may impact the excitability of the motor neurons in the ventral nerve cord (VNC). In the second part of my work, whole-cell patch clamp recordings of motor neuron somata demonstrated that action potential firing in the dCirl\(^K\)\(^O\) did not differ from control samples, indicating comparable membrane excitability.},
  subject      = {Taufliege},
  language  = {en}
}