@article{NowotnyAhmedBensingetal.2021,
  author    = {Nowotny, Hanna and Ahmed, S. Faisal and Bensing, Sophie and Beun, Johan G. and Br{\"o}samle, Manuela and Chifu, Irina and Claahsen van der Grinten, Hedi and Clemente, Maria and Falhammar, Henrik and Hahner, Stefanie and Husebye, Eystein and Kristensen, Jette and Loli, Paola and Lajic, Svetlana and Reisch, Nicole},
  title     = {Therapy options for adrenal insufficiency and recommendations for the management of adrenal crisis},
  series = {Endocrine},
  volume    = {71},
  journal   = {Endocrine},
  number    = {3},
  organization    = {Endo ERN (MTG1)},
  issn      = {1355-008X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12020-021-02649-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-308769},
  pages     = {586-594},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening condition requiring life-long glucocorticoid (GC) substitution therapy, as well as stress adaptation to prevent adrenal crises. The number of individuals with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency in Europe is estimated to be 20-50/100.000. A growing number of AI cases are due to side effects of GC treatment used in different treatment strategies for cancer and to immunotherapy in cancer treatment. The benefit of hormone replacement therapy is evident but long-term adverse effects may arise due to the non-physiological GC doses and treatment regimens used. Given multiple GC replacement formulations available comprising short-acting, intermediate, long-acting and novel modified-release hydrocortisone as well as subcutaneous formulations, this review offers a concise summary on the latest therapeutic improvements for treatment of AI and prevention of adrenal crises. As availability of various glucocorticoid formulations and access to expert centers across Europe varies widely, European Reference Networks on rare endocrine conditions aim at harmonizing treatment and ensure access to specialized patient care for individual case-by-case treatment decisions. To improve the availability across Europe to cost effective oral and parenteral formulations of hydrocortisone will save lives.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RefardtSailerWinzeleretal.2018,
  author    = {Refardt, Julie and Sailer, Clara Odilia and Winzeler, Bettina and Betz, Matthias Johannes and Chifu, Irina and Schnyder, Ingeborg and Fassnacht, Martin and Fenske, Wiebke and Christ-Crain, Mirjam},
  title     = {FGF-21 levels in polyuria-polydipsia syndrome},
  series = {Endocrine Connections},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Endocrine Connections},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.1530/EC-18-0469},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225085},
  pages     = {1501-1506},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The pathomechanism of primary polydipsia is poorly understood. Recent animal data reported a connection between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and elevated fluid intake independently of hormonal control by the hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and osmotic stimulation. We therefore compared circulating FGF-21 levels in patients with primary polydipsia to patients with AVP deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) and healthy volunteers. In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed FGF-21 levels of 20 patients with primary polydipsia, 20 patients with central diabetes insipidus and 20 healthy volunteers before and after stimulation with hypertonic saline infusion targeting a plasma sodium level >= 150 mmol/L. The primary outcome was the difference in FGF-21 levels between the three groups. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except for patients with central diabetes insipidus being heavier. There was no difference in baseline FGF-21 levels between patients with primary polydipsia and healthy volunteers (122 pg/mL (52,277) vs 193 pg/mL (48,301), but higher levels in patients with central diabetes insipidus were observed (306 pg/mL (114,484); P=0.037). However, this was not confirmed in a multivariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and smoking status. Osmotic stimulation did not affect FGF-21 levels in either group (difference to baseline: primary polydipsia -23 pg/mL (-43, 22); central diabetes insipidus 17 pg/mL (-76, 88); healthy volunteers -6 pg/mL (-68, 22); P=0.45). To conclude, FGF-21 levels are not increased in patients with primary polydipsia as compared to central diabetes insipidus or healthy volunteers. FGF-21 therefore does not seem to be causal of elevated fluid intake in these patients.},
  subject      = {Fibroblast Growth Factor-21},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChifuHeinzeFussetal.2020,
  author    = {Chifu, Irina and Heinze, Britta and Fuss, Carmina T. and Lang, Katharina and Kroiss, Matthias and Kircher, Stefan and Ronchi, Cristina L. and Altieri, Barbara and Schirbel, Andreas and Fassnacht, Martin and Hahner, Stefanie},
  title     = {Impact of the Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on Clinical Outcome in Adrenocortical Carcinoma},
  series = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  issn      = {1664-2392},
  doi       = {10.3389/fendo.2020.597878},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216494},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Chemokine receptors have a negative impact on tumor progression in several human cancers and have therefore been of interest for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. However, their clinical and prognostic significance in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemokine receptor profile in ACC and to analyse its association with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. A chemokine receptor profile was initially evaluated by quantitative PCR in 4 normal adrenals, 18 ACC samples and human ACC cell line NCI-H295. High expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both healthy and malignant adrenal tissue and ACC cells was confirmed. In the next step, we analyzed the expression and cellular localization of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in ACC by immunohistochemistry in 187 and 84 samples, respectively. These results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcome. We detected strong membrane expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in 50\% of ACC samples. Strong cytoplasmic CXCR4 staining was more frequent among samples derived from metastases compared to primaries (p=0.01) and local recurrences (p=0.04). CXCR4 membrane staining positively correlated with proliferation index Ki67 (r=0.17, p=0.028). CXCR7 membrane staining negatively correlated with Ki67 (r=-0.254, p=0.03) but positively with tumor size (r=0.3, p=0.02). No differences in progression-free or overall survival were observed between patients with strong and weak staining intensities for CXCR4 or CXCR7. Taken together, high expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both local tumors and metastases suggests that some ACC patients might benefit from CXCR4/CXCR7-targeted therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Chifu2021,
  author    = {Chifu, Irina},
  title     = {Expression und prognostische Bedeutung der Chemokinrezeptoren CXCR4 und CXCR7 bei malignen Nebennierentumoren},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21722},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217225},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Zusammenfassung: Unsere Arbeit best{\"a}tigt die aus kleineren Studien bekannte hohe Expression der Chemokinrezeptoren CXCR4 und CXCR7 in der normalen Nebenniere und in der Mehrheit der Nebennierenkarzinome. Das auf mRNA Ebene best{\"a}tigte Vorkommen beider Chemokinrezeptoren im gesunden Nebennierengewebe deutet auf eine {\"u}berwiegend f{\"u}r die normale Nebennierenphysiologie wichtige Rolle dieser Chemokinrezeptoren hin. Eine eventuell dennoch bestehende pathophysiologische Relevanz der Rezeptoren wurde erg{\"a}nzend {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft und ergab keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Prognose des Nebennierenkarzinoms.},
  subject      = {Nebennierenrindencarcinom},
  language  = {de}
}