@phdthesis{Mitschke2023,
  author    = {Mitschke, Vanessa},
  title     = {Facing Enemies. Modulation of Revenge Interactions based on Opponent State Indicators of Suffering},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-29938},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299389},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Research on revenge often treats vengeful acts as singular one-way experiences, an approach which fails to account for the social nature and functions of revenge. This dissertation aims to integrate emotional punishment reactions into dynamic revenge sequences to investigate the affective and cognitive consequences of revenge within a social interaction. Exacting revenge can evoke intense affective consequences, from feelings of guilt to the genuine enjoyment of the suffering of others. In Chapter 2, affective responses towards suffering opponents and the regulation of aggression based on the appraisal of distinct suffering indicators were investigated. Results indicate that the observation of opponent pain evokes positive affect (measured via facial muscle contractions during the observation), which is followed by a downregulation of subsequent punishment. Both, positive affective reactions and the downregulation of punishment, were only observed following pain and not sadness expressions. Empathic distress, indexed by negative affective reactions, was only present following the observation of pain in non-provoking opponents. Showcasing the modulation of empathy related processes due to provocation and competition. In Chapter 3, a significant escalation of punishment, when being confronted with Schadenfreude, was observed. Results are interpreted as supporting the assumption that opponent monitoring processes inform subsequent action selection. The observation of opponent smiles led to imitation behavior (facial mimicry), which was partially attenuated due to previous provocation. The different functions of smile mimicry in the context of the aggressive competitive setting are discussed as containing simulation aspects (to aid in opponent understanding) and as a potential mirroring of dominance gestures, to avoid submission. In an additional series of studies, which are presented in Chapter 4, changes in memory of opponent faces following vengeful encounters were measured. Based on provocation, and punishment outcomes (pain \& anger), face memory was distorted, resulting in more positive representations of opponents that expressed pain. These results are discussed as evidence of the impact of outcome appraisals in the formation of opponent representations and are theorized to aid empathy avoidance in future interactions. The comparison of desired and observed opponent states, is theorized to result in appraisals of the punishment outcomes, which evoke affective states, inform the action selection of subsequent punishments, and are integrated into the representation of the opponent in memory. Overall, the results indicate that suffering cues that are congruent with the chosen punishment action are appraised as positive, evoking an increase in positive affect. The emergence of positive affect during the observation of successful aggressive actions supports recent theories about the chronification of aggressive behavior based on reinforcement learning. To allow positive affect to emerge, affective empathic responses, such as distress, are theorized to be suppressed to facilitate the goal attainment process. The suffering of the opponent constitutes the proximate goal during revenge taking, which highlights the importance of a theoretical differentiation of proximate and ultimate goals in revenge to allow for a deeper understanding of the underlying motives of complex revenge behavior.},
  subject      = {Aggression},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MavratzakisHerbertWalla2016,
  author    = {Mavratzakis, Aimee and Herbert, Cornelia and Walla, Peter},
  title     = {Emotional facial expressions evoke faster orienting responses, but weaker emotional responses at neural and behavioural levels compared to scenes: a simultaneous EEG and facial EMG study},
  series = {NeuroImage},
  volume    = {124},
  journal   = {NeuroImage},
  number    = {Part A},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.065},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191535},
  pages     = {931-946},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {In the current study, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded simultaneously with facial electromyography (fEMG) to determine whether emotional faces and emotional scenes are processed differently at the neural level. In addition, it was investigated whether these differences can be observed at the behavioural level via spontaneous facial muscle activity. Emotional content of the stimuli did not affect early P1 activity. Emotional faces elicited enhanced amplitudes of the face-sensitive N170 component, while its counterpart, the scene-related N100, was not sensitive to emotional content of scenes. At 220-280 ms, the early posterior negativity (EPN) was enhanced only slightly for fearful as compared to neutral or happy faces. However, its amplitudes were significantly enhanced during processing of scenes with positive content, particularly over the right hemisphere. Scenes of positive content also elicited enhanced spontaneous zygomatic activity from 500-750 ms onwards, while happy faces elicited no such changes. Contrastingly, both fearful faces and negative scenes elicited enhanced spontaneous corrugator activity at 500-750 ms after stimulus onset. However, relative to baseline EMG changes occurred earlier for faces (250 ms) than for scenes (500 ms) whereas for scenes activity changes were more pronounced over the whole viewing period. Taking into account all effects, the data suggests that emotional facial expressions evoke faster attentional orienting, but weaker affective neural activity and emotional behavioural responses compared to emotional scenes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Haas2021,
  author    = {Haas, Elisabeth Charlotte},
  title     = {Der Einfluss des Catechol-O-Methyltransferase-Val\(^{158}\)Met-Polymorphismus auf die Frontalkortex-Aktivierung und das autonome Nervensystem w{\"a}hrend eines kombiniert emotional-kognitiven Stroop-Paradigmas},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21985},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219859},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund: Das Catechol-O-Methyltransferase-Gen (COMT) ist ein vielversprechendes Kandidatengen zur Untersuchung kognitiver und emotionaler Funktionen sowie deren pathologischer Ver{\"a}nderungen. Ein einzelner Basenaustausch in diesem Gen f{\"u}hrt zu einer 3-4fach h{\"o}heren COMT-Aktivit{\"a}t der Val Variante. Ein dadurch vermitteltes dopaminerges Defizit wird als relevanter Faktor f{\"u}r eine ver{\"a}nderte Hirnfunktion angenommen. Mit dem kognitiven Stroop-Paradigma wurden kognitive Verarbeitungsprozesse bisher gut erforscht. Zur Erfassung emotionaler Verarbeitungsprozesse wurde eine emotionale Variante entwickelt, deren neurale Grundlagen bislang weniger gut bekannt sind. Ziel: Unsere imaging genetics-Arbeit untersucht den Einfluss genetischer Varianten auf die neurale Funktion. Ziel dieser experimentellen Arbeit war es, den Einfluss des COMT-Polymorphismus (COMT-PM) auf die Frontalkortex-Funktion in ausgew{\"a}hlten Regionen von Interesse (ROI) zu erfassen und der Frage nachzugehen, ob das Val-Allel als Risiko-Allel zur Pathogenese einer Angstst{\"o}rung (AS) beitragen k{\"o}nnte. Zudem sollte die Tauglichkeit des emotionalen Stroop- Paradigmas als angstsensibles Messinstrument zur Untersuchung dieser Fragestellung gepr{\"u}ft werden. Demgegen{\"u}ber steht die Annahme, das emotionale Stroop-Paradigma k{\"o}nnte lediglich eine Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis (AG)-Aufgabe darstellen. Methoden: Mittels funktioneller Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (fNIRS) und ereigniskorrelierter Potentiale untersuchten wir 121 gesunde nach dem COMT- Val158Met-PM stratifizierte Probanden w{\"a}hrend eines kombiniert emotional- kognitiven Stroop-Paradigmas. Als neurale Korrelate von Exekutivfunktionen und AG-Aufgaben waren die ROI dabei der laterale pr{\"a}frontale und inferiore Kortex, die auch mit emotionaler Regulation in Verbindung gebracht werden. Als Parameter der Reaktion des autonomen Nervensystems (ANS) diente die Erfassung der elektrodermalen Aktivit{\"a}t sowie die kontinuierliche Messung von Blutdruck, Herzfrequenz und Herzratenvariabilit{\"a}t. Ergebnisse: Bei allen drei COMT Varianten zeigte sich ein kognitiver Stroop-Effekt mit verl{\"a}ngerter Reaktionszeit und erh{\"o}hter Fehleranzahl w{\"a}hrend der Pr{\"a}sentation inkongruenter Farbworte. Als Reaktion des ANS stellte sich eine erh{\"o}hte elektrodermale Aktivit{\"a}t bei inkongruenten Farbworten dar. Die funktionelle Bildgebung ließ in den analysierten Regionen eine erh{\"o}hte pr{\"a}frontale Aktivierung w{\"a}hrend der Verarbeitung inkongruenter Farbworte nachweisen. Es fanden sich keine Gruppenunterschiede im kognitiven Stroop-Paradigma. Der einzige emotionale Stroop-Effekt zeigte sich in der P300. Der einzig nachweisbare Gruppeneffekt stellte sich im emotionalen Stroop-Paradigma als h{\"o}here Fehleranzahl bei Met-Homozygoten verglichen mit Heterozygoten dar. Schlussfolgerung: Genetische Information und funktionelle Bildgebung kombiniert sollten erm{\"o}glichen, neurale Mechanismen zu definieren, die mit genetischen Varianten verlinkt sind. Die Ergebnisse bezogen auf die analysierten Regionen liefern keinen Hinweis auf ein Val-Allel assoziiertes Risiko f{\"u}r die Entwicklung einer AS. Damit gelingt es nicht, bisher gewonnene Ergebnisse zum Einfluss des COMT-PM auf die pr{\"a}frontale Funktion zu replizieren. Fraglich ist jedoch, ob sich das emotionale Stroop-Paradigma zur Untersuchung dieser Frage eignet, da weder in den fNIRS-, noch in den autonomen oder Verhaltensdaten ein emotionaler Stroop-Effekt nachgewiesen werden konnte.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kopf2018,
  author    = {Kopf, Juliane},
  title     = {Emotion processing and working memory deficits in Bipolar Disorder: interactions and changes from acute to remitted state},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-97752},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {BD is a severe and highly prevalent psychiatric illness characterized by oscillating mood episodes, where patients express either depressed mood, anhedonia, decreased activation along with concentration difficulties and sleep disturbances, or elevated mood with hyperactivity and loss of inhibitions. Between mood episodes, patients return to a relatively normal state of functioning without mood symptoms. Previous research on underlying neuronal mechanisms has led to a model of neuronal dysfunction in BD which states that BD arises from disruption in early development within brain networks that modulate emotional behavior. These abnormalities in the structure and function of key emotional control networks then lead to decreased connectivity among ventral prefrontal networks and limbic brain regions. This in turn creates a loss of emotional homeostasis, putting bipolar patients at risk for developing extreme mood states and switching among mood states. Two core components for BD have been identified, a hyperactive emotion processing system and a hypoactive cognitive functions system. It is controversial whether these deficits are still detectable in euthymia, so it is unclear if hyper- and hypoactivations represent state or trait-like characteristics. The aim of this study was to research both core components of BD with a paradigm eliciting differential activations in both cognitive and emotion processing networks. For this, an emotional word working memory paradigm was constructed to test for differences between manic, depressive, and remitted patients as well as a healthy control group. Differences were assessed in behavior, brain activation (as a correlate for the hypoactive cognitive functions system), measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and electrophysiological changes in the late positive potential (as a correlate for the hyperactive emotion processing system), an event-related potential (ERP) measured with electroencephalography. 47 patients in the acutely ill phase and 45 healthy controls were measured. Of the 47 patients, 18 returned to the clinic for a second testing while in remission for at least 3 months. Acutely ill patients were classified into 4 groups according to their disorder status: a mildly depressed group, a depressed group, a manic group, and a mixed group along DSM-IV criteria. Analyses were calculated for 3 load conditions (1-back, 2-back and 3-back) and 3 valence conditions (negative, neutral, positive) for behavioral measures reaction time and omission errors, for brain activation and event related potential changes. Results indicate that ill patients differed from controls in their behavioral performance, but the difference in performance was modulated by the mood state they were in. Depressed patients showed the most severe differences in all behavioral measures, while manic and mixed patients differed from controls only upon different valence conditions. Brain activation changes were most pronounced in mildly depressed and manic patients, depressed patients and mixed patients did not differ as much from controls. ERP changes showed a significant difference only between mixed patients and controls, where mixed patients had an overall much higher ERP amplitude. When remitted patients were compared to controls, no differences in behavior, brain activation or ERP amplitude could be found. However, the same was true for differences in patients between acutely ill and remitted state. When looking at the overall data, the following conclusion can be drawn: assuming that the brain activation seen in the prefrontal cortex is part of the dorsal cognitive system, then this is the predominantly disturbed system in depressed patients who show only small changes in the ERP. In contrast, the predominantly disturbed system in manic and mixed patients is the ventral emotion processing system, which can be seen in a hyper-activation of ERP related neural correlates in mixed and hypo-activated neural correlates of the LPP in manic patients. When patients are remitted, the cognitive system regains temporary stability, and can be compared to that of healthy controls, while the emotion processing system remains dysfunctional and underlies still detectable performance deficits.},
  subject      = {Manisch-depressive Krankheit},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Fuchs2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Fuchs, Florian},
  title     = {"Disney Dreams!" - A Nighttime Spectacular in the Tension Field of Crowds, Communion, Emotion, and Religion},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159949},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The text deals with the nighttime spectacular of Disneyland Paris´ "Disney Dreams!" from the perspectives of mass, community, religion and emotions. It tries to open up this pop cultural show sociologically and theologically.},
  subject      = {Soziologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Fuchs2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Fuchs, Florian},
  title     = {„Disney Dreams!" - Eine Abendshow im Spannungsfeld von Masse, Gemeinschaft, Emotionen und Religion},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159931},
  pages     = {20},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Der Text besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Abendshow des Disneyland Paris "Disney Dreams!" aus den Perspektiven Masse, Gemeinschaft, Religion und Emotionen. Es wird versucht, diese popkulturelle Show soziologisch und theologisch zu erschließen.},
  subject      = {Theologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{ObermeierProbst2017,
  author    = {Obermeier-Probst, Marielle},
  title     = {Modulierung der Emotionsverarbeitung durch transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155898},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Die Idee dieser Studie war es, die Modulation der Emotionsverarbeitung mittels transkranieller Gleichstrom-Stimulation nachzuweisen. Dieser Effekt wurde in anderen Studien bereits gezeigt. In diesem Versuch wurde der emotionsabh{\"a}ngige acoustic-Startle-Reflex als Messindikator f{\"u}r modulierte Emotionsverarbeitung eingesetzt. Wir konnten den Effekt der emotionsabh{\"a}ngigen Startle-Reflex Modulierung replizieren und unsere Messmethodik validieren. Entgegen der Hypothese dieser Studie, konnten - bezogen auf die Gesamtpopulation - keine Effekte der tDCS auf die Verarbeitung emotionalrelevanter Bilder gezeigt werden. Da Emotionsverarbeitung stattgefunden hat, wie durch die emotionsabh{\"a}ngige Modulierung des acoustic-Startle-Reflexes gezeigt wurde, kann der fehlende Effekt nicht auf fehlende emotionale Triggerkraft der Bilder zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Umso interessanter ist die Beobachtung, dass die Versuchspersonen mit erh{\"o}hter Angstsensitivit{\"a}t signifikant anders auf die tDCS reagierten, als diejenigen mit niedriger Angstsensitivit{\"a}t. Sie zeigten signifikant verringerte acoustic-Startle-Reflex Amplituden, was gem{\"a}ß dem sog. Motivational Priming bedeutet, dass sie eine herabgesetzte aversive Grundstimmung, bzw. eine gehobene Befindlichkeit versp{\"u}rt haben k{\"o}nnten. Der Effekt schien durch die bilaterale, links-kathodale/rechts-anodale Stimulation des DLPFC bedingt zu sein. Angstsensitivit{\"a}t umschreibt die Auspr{\"a}gung der Angst vor Ver{\"a}nderungen (k{\"o}rperlich, sozial, kognitiv), welche mit dem realen Erleben der Emotion Angst einhergehen k{\"o}nnen und wird als Risikofaktor f{\"u}r das Entstehen vieler Angsterkrankungen, speziell der Panikst{\"o}rungen verstanden. In mehreren Studien wurden mediale Anteile des Pr{\"a}frontalen Cortex, im Besonderen der dorsomediale Pr{\"a}frontale Cortex (DMPFC) und der anteriore cingul{\"a}re Cortex (ACC) als u.a. f{\"u}r Angstsensitivit{\"a}t kodierende neuronale Korrelate isoliert. Als in Frage kommende Ursache f{\"u}r den tDCS-Effekt wird die Modulierung des DMPFC und des benachbarten ACC diskutiert. Unterst{\"u}tzung f{\"u}r die vermutlich {\"u}ber das eigentlich anvisierte Areal des DLPFC hinausgehenden tDCS-induzierten Effekte, geben Bildgebungsstudien, in welchen bei bilateraler Stimulierung des DLPFC Aktivit{\"a}tsver{\"a}nderungen in weiter medial gelegenen Teilen des PFC nachgewiesen werden konnten. Das Ergebnis, welches mit einer relativ kleinen Stichprobe klinisch gesunder Personen gewonnen wurde, l{\"a}dt dazu ein, die gleiche Untersuchung mit einem gr{\"o}ßeren Kollektiv von Angstsensitiven durchzuf{\"u}hren. Eine begleitend durchzuf{\"u}hrende funktionelle Bildgebung k{\"o}nnte Aufschluss {\"u}ber die bei bilateraler tDCS des DLPFC tats{\"a}chlich stimulierten Hirnareale geben.},
  subject      = {Emotionen},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Wu2013,
  author    = {Wu, Lingdan},
  title     = {Emotion Regulation in Addicted Smokers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85471},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background: Nicotine addiction is the most prevalent type of drug addiction that has been described as a cycle of spiraling dysregulation of the brain reward systems. Imaging studies have shown that nicotine addiction is associated with abnormal function in prefrontal brain regions that are important for cognitive emotion regulation. It was assumed that addicts may perform less well than healthy nonsmokers in cognitive emotion regulation tasks. The primary aims of this thesis were to investigate emotional responses to natural rewards among smokers and nonsmokers and to determine whether smokers differ from nonsmokers in cognitive regulation of positive and negative emotions. To address these aims, two forms of appraisal paradigms (i.e., appraisal frame and reappraisal) were applied to compare changes in emotional responses of smokers with that of nonsmokers as a function of appraisal strategies. Experiment 1: The aim of the first experiment was to evaluate whether and how appraisal frames preceding positive and negative picture stimuli affect emotional experience and facial expression of individuals. Twenty participants were exposed to 125 pairs of auditory appraisal frames (either neutral or emotional) followed by picture stimuli reflecting five conditions: unpleasant-negative, unpleasant-neutral, pleasant-positive, pleasant-neutral and neutral-neutral. Ratings of valence and arousal as well as facial EMG activity over the corrugator supercilii and the zygomaticus major were measured simultaneously. The results indicated that appraisal frames could alter both subjective emotional experience and facial expressions, irrespective of the valence of the pictorial stimuli. These results suggest and support that appraisal frame is an efficient paradigm in regulation of multi-level emotional responses. 8 Experiment 2: The second experiment applied the appraisal frame paradigm to investigate how smokers differ from nonsmokers on cognitive emotion regulation. Sixty participants (22 nonsmokers, 19 nondeprived smokers and 19 12-h deprived smokers) completed emotion regulation tasks as described in Experiment 1 while emotional responses were concurrently recorded as reflected by self-ratings and psychophysiological measures (i.e., facial EMG and EEG). The results indicated that there was no group difference on emotional responses to natural rewards. Moreover, nondeprived smokers and deprived smokers performed as well as nonsmokers on the emotion regulation task. The lack of group differences in multiple emotional responses (i.e., self-reports, facial EMG activity and brain EEG activity) suggests that nicotine addicts have no deficit in cognitive emotion regulation of natural rewards via appraisal frames. Experiment 3: The third experiment aimed to further evaluate smokers' emotion regulation ability by comparing performances of smokers and nonsmokers in a more challenging cognitive task (i.e., reappraisal task). Sixty-five participants (23 nonsmokers, 22 nondeprived smokers and 20 12-h deprived smokers) were instructed to regulate emotions by imagining that the depicted negative or positive scenario would become less negative or less positive over time, respectively. The results showed that nondeprived smokers and deprived smokers responded similarly to emotional pictures and performed as well as nonsmokers in down-regulating positive and negative emotions via the reappraisal strategy. These results indicated that nicotine addicts do not have deficit in emotion regulation using cognitive appraisal strategies. In sum, the three studies consistently revealed that addicted smokers were capable to regulate emotions via appraisal strategies. This thesis establishes the groundwork for therapeutic use of appraisal instructions to cope with potential self-regulation failures in nicotine addicts.},
  subject      = {Gef{\"u}hl},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kempkes2013,
  author    = {Kempkes, Lisa Marleen},
  title     = {EEG Untersuchung zum Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionsverarbeitung und Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen von stark und wenig angstsensitiven Personen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83822},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Einflusses der Angstsensitivit{\"a}t auf die Emotionsverarbeitung und selektive Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse. Anhand des Angstsensitivit{\"a}tsindex-3 (ASI-3) wurden die Probanden in stark und wenig angstsensitiv eingeteilt. Der Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen ASI-3 erfasst in welchem Maß die betreffende Person auf typische angstausl{\"o}sende Stimuli mit Symptomen reagiert (Kemper, et al., 2009). Bei 53 gesunden, freiwilligen Probanden wurde, w{\"a}hrend der Pr{\"a}sentation von Bildern mit positiven, negativen und neutralen Inhalt, ein EEG (Elektroenzephalogramm) abgeleitet. In Anlehnung an das Paradigma von Schupp und Kollegen (Schupp, et al., 2007) wurde jede Bildkategorie jeweils in einem Durchgang als Target- und gleichzeitig die beiden anderen Kategorien als Non-Target-Bedingung dargeboten. Außerdem wurde ein Durchgang mit der Anweisung „alle gleich beachten" (PB-Bedingung) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Angstsensitivit{\"a}t beeinflusst den Verlauf des EPN (early posterior negative potential). Bei hoch angstsensitiven Probanden zeigt sich ein st{\"a}rker negativer Verlauf der EPN-Amplitude als bei wenig Angstsensitiven. Diese Aussage gilt f{\"u}r die Darbietung von neutralen und positiven Bildern bei der PB-Bedingung. Bei Probanden mit hoher Angstsensitivit{\"a}t verl{\"a}uft sowohl bei der Target-Bedingung als auch bei der Non-Target-Bedingung das EPN signifikant negativer, als bei denjenigen mit niedriger Angstsensitivit{\"a}t. Ebenfalls zeigte sich das EPN-Potential w{\"a}hrend der Target- und Non-Target-Bedingung bei positiven und neutralen Bildern f{\"u}r hoch angstsensitive Probanden signifikant negativer als bei wenig angstsensitiven Probanden. Im LPP (late positive potential) zeigte sich kein Einfluss der Angstsensitivit{\"a}t auf den Verlauf des Potentials. Keine geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede konnten im LPP und EPN festgestellt werden.},
  subject      = {EEG},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Dieler2011,
  author    = {Dieler, Alica Christina},
  title     = {Investigation of variables influencing cognitive inhibition: from the behavioral to the molecular level},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65955},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The present work investigated the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive inhibition/thought suppression in Anderson's and Green's Think/No-Think paradigm (TNT), as well as different variables influencing these mechanisms at the cognitive, the neurophysiological, the electrophysiological and the molecular level. Neurophysiological data collected with fNIRS and fMRI have added up to the existing evidence of a fronto-hippocampal network interacting during the inhibition of unwanted thoughts. Some evidence has been presented suggesting that by means of external stimulation of the right dlPFC through iTBS thought suppression might be improved, providing further evidence for an implication of this region in the TNT. A combination of fNIRS with ERP has delivered evidence of a dissociation of early condition-independent attentional and later suppression-specific processes within the dlPFC, both contributing to suppression performance. Due to inconsistencies in the previous literature it was considered how stimulus valence would influence thought suppression by manipulating the emotional content of the to-be-suppressed stimuli. Findings of the current work regarding the ability to suppress negative word or picture stimuli have, however, been inconclusive as well. It has been hypothesized that performance in the TNT might depend on the combination of valence conditions included in the paradigm. Alternatively, it has been suggested that inconsistent findings regarding the suppression of negative stimuli or suppression at all might be due to certain personality traits and/or genetic variables, found in the present work to contribute to thought inhibition in the TNT. Rumination has been shown to be a valid predictor of thought suppression performance. Increased ruminative tendencies led to worse suppression performance which, in the present work, has been linked to less effective recruitment of the dlPFC and in turn less effective down-regulation of hippocampal activity during suppression trials. Trait anxiety has also been shown to interrupt thought suppression despite higher, however, inefficient recruitment of the dlPFC. Complementing the findings regarding ruminative tendencies and decreased thought inhibition a functional polymorphism in the KCNJ6 gene, encompassing a G-to-A transition, has been shown to disrupt thought suppression despite increased activation of the dlPFC. Through the investigation of thought suppression at different levels, the current work adds further evidence to the idea that the TNT reflects an executive control mechanism, which is sensitive to alterations in stimulus valence to some extent, neurophysiological functioning as indicated by its sensitivity to iTBS, functional modulations at the molecular level and personality traits, such as rumination and trait anxiety.},
  subject      = {Kognitiver Prozess},
  language  = {en}
}