@article{AsoHerbOguetaetal.2012,
  author    = {Aso, Yoshinori and Herb, Andrea and Ogueta, Maite and Siwanowicz, Igor and Templier, Thomas and Friedrich, Anja B. and Ito, Kei and Scholz, Henrike and Tanimoto, Hiromu},
  title     = {Three Dopamine Pathways Induce Aversive Odor Memories with Different Stability},
  series = {PLoS Genetics},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS Genetics},
  number    = {7},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1002768},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130631},
  pages     = {e1002768},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Animals acquire predictive values of sensory stimuli through reinforcement. In the brain of Drosophila melanogaster, activation of two types of dopamine neurons in the PAM and PPL1 clusters has been shown to induce aversive odor memory. Here, we identified the third cell type and characterized aversive memories induced by these dopamine neurons. These three dopamine pathways all project to the mushroom body but terminate in the spatially segregated subdomains. To understand the functional difference of these dopamine pathways in electric shock reinforcement, we blocked each one of them during memory acquisition. We found that all three pathways partially contribute to electric shock memory. Notably, the memories mediated by these neurons differed in temporal stability. Furthermore, combinatorial activation of two of these pathways revealed significant interaction of individual memory components rather than their simple summation. These results cast light on a cellular mechanism by which a noxious event induces different dopamine signals to a single brain structure to synthesize an aversive memory.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RuppertFranzSaratisetal.2017,
  author    = {Ruppert, Manuela and Franz, Mirjam and Saratis, Anastasios and Escarcena, Laura Velo and Hendrich, Oliver and Gooi, Li Ming and Schwenkert, Isabell and Klebes, Ansgar and Scholz, Henrike},
  title     = {Hangover links nuclear RNA signaling to cAMP regulation via the phosphodiesterase 4d ortholog dunce},
  series = {Cell Reports},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Cell Reports},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.048},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171950},
  pages     = {533-544},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The hangover gene defines a cellular stress pathway that is required for rapid ethanol tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. To understand how cellular stress changes neuronal function, we analyzed Hangover function on a cellular and neuronal level. We provide evidence that Hangover acts as a nuclear RNA binding protein and we identified the phosphodiesterase 4d ortholog dunce as a target RNA. We generated a transcript-specific dunce mutant that is impaired not only in ethanol tolerance but also in the cellular stress response. At the neuronal level, Dunce and Hangover are required in the same neuron pair to regulate experience-dependent motor output. Within these neurons, two cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent mechanisms balance the degree of tolerance. The balance is achieved by feedback regulation of Hangover and dunce transcript levels. This study provides insight into how nuclear Hangover/RNA signaling is linked to the cytoplasmic regulation of cAMP levels and results in neuronal adaptation and behavioral changes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XuHeKaiseretal.2016,
  author    = {Xu, Li and He, Jianzheng and Kaiser, Andrea and Gr{\"a}ber, Nikolas and Schl{\"a}ger, Laura and Ritze, Yvonne and Scholz, Henrike},
  title     = {A Single Pair of Serotonergic Neurons Counteracts Serotonergic Inhibition of Ethanol Attraction in Drosophila},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0167518},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166762},
  pages     = {e0167518},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Attraction to ethanol is common in both flies and humans, but the neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying this innate attraction are not well understood. Here, we dissect the function of the key regulator of serotonin signaling—the serotonin transporter-in innate olfactory attraction to ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster. We generated a mutated version of the serotonin transporter that prolongs serotonin signaling in the synaptic cleft and is targeted via the Gal4 system to different sets of serotonergic neurons. We identified four serotonergic neurons that inhibit the olfactory attraction to ethanol and two additional neurons that counteract this inhibition by strengthening olfactory information. Our results reveal that compensation can occur on the circuit level and that serotonin has a bidirectional function in modulating the innate attraction to ethanol. Given the evolutionarily conserved nature of the serotonin transporter and serotonin, the bidirectional serotonergic mechanisms delineate a basic principle for how random behavior is switched into targeted approach behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}