@article{FischerBangLudwigetal.1992,
  author    = {Fischer, G. and Bang, H. and Ludwig, B. and Mann, K. H. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Mip protein of Legionella pneumophila exhibits peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59778},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Legfonells pneumoph/la is an intracellular paraslte which ts able to survtve and multipJy in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. The Mtp (macrophage lnfectiv1ty potentlator) protein has been shown to be an essential virulente factor. A search of translated nuclelt .acld data ba.ses has shown that the Mip proteJn from strain Wadsworth possesses reglons homologaus to those found in the FK.506-bindfng proteins (FKBPs) of several different eukaryotlc organisms. FKBPs are abte to bind to the fmmunosuppressant macrollde FK506 and possess peptidyf .. prolyl cisltrans Isomerase (PPiase) activlty. The gene coding for the Mlp proteln was cloned from the ehromo. some of L. pneumophila straln Philadelph·a I and sequenced. II was synthesl\%ed in Escherichla coll ·K- 12 and alter purlfication it exhibited PPiase activity catalyslng the slow clsltrans lsomerization of prolyl peptlde bonds. ln ollgopeptides. Mip ls inhibi~ted by FK506 and fully reslstant to cyclosporln A, as was also found for the recently characterlzed FKBP-type PPiases of eukaryotes. However, the N-terminal extenslon of Mip and/or the substltutrons of the vari· ab1e amlno acrds ln the C-termlnal FKBP core Iead to variatlons,. when compared with eukaryotlc FKBPs, Jn substrate specfflclty wlth the Oligopeptide substrates of' type Suc-Aia-Xaa-Pro-Phe·4·nitroanUide. Never· theless, the Legionella Mip factor represents a bacte· rial gene product whtch shares some characteristics normally found in eukaryotic proteins. ln view of the activity of PPiases in protein-folding reactlonsf such prokaryotic FKBP analogues may represent a new class of bacterial. pathogenicity factors.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrotenHanischPlogmannetal.1992,
  author    = {Schroten, H. and Hanisch, F. G. and Plogmann, R. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Uhlenbruck, G. and Wahn, V.},
  title     = {Inhibition of Adhesion of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to buccal epithelial cells by human milk fat globule membrane components: a novel aspect of protective function of mucins in the non-immunoglobulin fraction},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59793},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {We investigated the presence of factors in human milkthat inhibit Invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The efl'ect of human milk fat globule membrane (HMFGM) components on adhesion of cloned S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to human buccal epithelial cells was analyzed. S fimbriae are a common feature of E. coli strains causing sepsis and meningitis in newborns and are bound to epithelia via sialyl-(a-2-3)galactoside structures. Human milk fat globules (HMFG) could be agglutinated by the above-mentioned bacteria. Agglutination could be inhibited by fetuin, human glycophorin, and a 1-acid glycoprotein. In addition, pretreatment of HMFG with Jlibrio cholerae neuraminidase markedly reduced bacterium-induced agglutinations, indicating the involvement of neuraminic acid-containing glycoproteins. In contrast, Iipid droplets of infant formula or artificiallipid emulsions (Intralipid) could not be agglutinated. HMFG were present in stools of breast-fed neonates as shown by indirect immunofluorescence staining with a monoclonal antibody directed against carbohydrate residues present on HMFGM. These HMFG could be agglutinated by bacteria. HMFG inhibited E. coli adhesion to buccal epithelial cells. To further characterize relevant E. coli binding structures, HMFGM components w~re separated by gel chromatography. The mucin fraction showed the most pronounced inhibitory efrect on adhesion of S-fimbriated E. coli to human buccal epithelial cells. Our data soggest that HMFG inhibit bacterial adhesion in the entire intestine and thereby may provide protection against bacterial infection.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZinglerOttBlumetal.1992,
  author    = {Zingler, G. and Ott, M. and Blum, G. and Falkenhagen, U. and Naumann, G. and Sokolowska-K{\"o}hler, W. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Clonal analysis of Escherichia coli serotype O6 strains from urinary tract infections},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59786},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {A total of 36 Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates (UTI) of serotype 06, with different combinations of capsule ( K) and flagellin ( H) antigens, were analysed according to the outer membrane pattern (OMP), serum resistance properties, mannose-resistant hemagglutination using various types of erythrocytes, and also for the genetic presence and the expression of Pfimbriae. S fimbriae/F1 C fimbriae, Type 1 fimbriae, aerobactin and hemolysin. Twenty selected strains were further analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), elaborating genomic profilas by Xba I cleavage and subsequent Southern hybridization to virulence-associated DNA probes. lt could be shown that 06 UTI isolates represent a highly heterogeneaus group of strains according to the occurrence and combination of these traits. Relatedness an the genetic and the phenotypic Ievei was found for some of the strains exhibiting the same 0: K: H: F serotype. DNA Iang-range mapping further indicated some interesting features, according to the copy number and the genomic linkage of virulence genes.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrotenLethenHanischetal.1992,
  author    = {Schroten, H. and Lethen, A. and Hanisch, F., G. and Plogmann, R. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Nobis-Bosch, R. and Wahn, V.},
  title     = {Inhibition of adhesion of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to epithelial cells by meconium feces of breast fed and formula fed newborns - mucins are the major inhibitor component},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59804},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {We investigated the ability of meconium, feces from human milk-fed (HMF) newborns, and feces from formula-fed (FF) newborns to inhibit adhesion of S-fimbriated E. coli to human buccal epithelial cells. S-fimbriae are a common property of E.·coli strains causing sepsis and meningitis in neonates. Meconium had the highest content of neuraminic acid and the strongest inhibitory effect on bacterial adhesion. HMF also exerted high inhibitory activity while FF was markedly less active: To achieve inhibitory effects comparable to HMF a sixfold amount of FF was required. Glycoproteins from excretions were separated by gel chromatography. Fractions obtained were analyzed for adhesion-inhibiting activity. In all excretions analyzed, the mucin-containing fraction could be identified as the major inhibitory component. Inhibition was probably mediated by specific interaction of this fraction with S-fimbriae, as shown by binding of isolated fimbriae on Western blots after electrophoretic separation of glycoproteins. In conclusion, our data support the view that the mucin-containing fraction from meconium and human milk exerts antibacterial functions by preventing adhesin-mediated binding of pathogenic bacteria to mucosal epithelia. Key Words: S-fimbriated E. coli-Inhibition of adhesion-Meconium- Feces of human milk-fed newborns-Feces of formula-fed newborns-Mucins.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TschaepeBenderOttetal.1992,
  author    = {Tsch{\"a}pe, Helmut and Bender, Larisa and Ott, Manfred and Wittig, Walter and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Restriction fragments length polymorphism and virulence pattern of the veterinary pathogen Escherichia coli O139:K82:H1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86131},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Escherichia coli 0139: K82: H1 strains originating from outbreaks and single cases of oedema disease in pigs were characterized by their genomic restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), their virulence pattern, and by the occurrence as well as the genomic distribution of the determinants for hemolysin (hly) and verotoxins (shiga-like toxins; sltI, sltII). Whereas the RFLPs revealed considerable variation among the E. coli 0139: K82: H1 isolates depending the origin and epidemic source of the strains, the virulence gene slt II was found to be present in nearly all strains in a particular chromosomal region. Similar to RFLPs, the plasmid profiles are useful for epidemiological analysis.},
  subject      = {Escherichia coli},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerOttBlumetal.1992,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Ott, Manfred and Blum, Gabriele and Marre, Reinhard and Heesemann, J{\"u}rgen and Tsch{\"a}pe, Helmut and Goebel, Werner},
  title     = {Genetics of Escherichia coli uropathogenicity: Analysis of the O6:K15:H31 isolate 536},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71578},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {E. coli strain 536 (06: K15: H31) isolated from a case of acute pyelonephritis, expresses S-fimbrial adhesins, P-related fimbriae, common type I fimbriae, and hemolysins. The respective chromosomally encoded determinants were cloned by constructing a genomic library of this strain. Furthermore, the strain produces the iron uptake substance, enterocheline, damages HeLa cells, and behaves in a serum-resistant mode. Genetic analysis of spontaneously arising non-hemolytic variants revealed that some of the virulence genes were physically linked to large unstable DNA regions, termed "pathogenicity islands", which were mapped in the respective positions on the E. coli K-12linkage map. By comparing the wild type strain and mutants in in vitro and in vivo assays, virulence features have been evaluated. In addition, a regulatory cross talk between adhesin determinants was found for the wild-type isolate. This particular mode of virulence regulation is missing in the mutant strain.},
  subject      = {Escherichia coli},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerRdestWintermeyeretal.1991,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Rdest, Ursula and Wintermeyer, E. and Ludwig, B.},
  title     = {Legiolysin, a New Hemolysin from L. pneumophila},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73070},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Legionella pneumophila generares exotoxins, cytolysins, proteases oc hemolysins that darnage host cells llke erythrocytes or rissue cu lrure cells. The gene for a new L. pneumophila hemolysin withour a proteolytic activiry was idemified, cloned in E. coli and sequenced. The gene producr was analysed by SDS-Polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis.},
  subject      = {H{\"a}molysin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SolbachMollRoellinghoff1991,
  author    = {Solbach, Werner and Moll, Heidrun and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin},
  title     = {Lymphocytes play the music but the macrophage calls the tune},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45889},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Immunologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfefferSchoelGulleetal.1991,
  author    = {Pfeffer, K. and Schoel, H. and Gulle, H. and Moll, Heidrun and Kromer, S. and Kaufmann, S. H. E. and Wagner, H.},
  title     = {Analysis of primary T cell responses to intact and fractionated microbial pathogens},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46916},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Freshly isolated human T lymphocytes were tested for their response to mycobacteria, mycobacteriallysates, 2 dimensional (2D) PAGE separated mycobacteriallysates, leishmania and defined leishmanial antigen preparations. While,o T cells proliferated vigourously in the presence of mycobacteria and mycobacteria derived lysates, a significant stimulation from 2 D gel separated lysates was not detected. In addition '10 T cells failed to respond towards leishmania or leishmanial components. In the ab T cell compartment some donors, presumably according to their state of immunity against mycobacteria, responded to mycobacteria, mycobacterial lysates and 2 D gel separated mycobacterial lysates. Neither freshly isolated '10 T cells nor ab T cells from naive donors did mount a significant immune response against leishmania.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MollMuellerGillitzeretal.1991,
  author    = {Moll, Heidrun and M{\"u}ller, Christoph and Gillitzer, Reinhard and Fuchs, Harald and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin and Simon, Markus M. and Kramer, Michael D.},
  title     = {Expression of T-cell-associated serine proteinase-1 during murine Leishmania major infection correlates with susceptibility to disease},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61311},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The expression of T-cell-associated serine proteinase 1 (MTSP-1) in vivo during Leishmania major infection was analyzed in genetically resistant C57BL/6 mice and in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. Using a monoclonal antibody as well as an RNA probe specific for MTSP-1 to stain tissue sections, we found T cells expressing MTSP-1 in skin lesions and spleens of mice of both strains. In skin lesions, MTSP-1-positive T cells could be detected as early as 3 days after infection. Most importantly, the frequency of T cells expressing MTSP-1 was significantly higher in susceptible BALB/c mice than in resistant C57BL/6 mice. These findings suggest that MTSP-1 is associated with disease-promoting T cells and that it may be an effector molecule involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttBenderBlumetal.1991,
  author    = {Ott, M. and Bender, L. and Blum, G. and Schmittroth, M. and Achtmann, M. and Tsch{\"a}pe, H. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Virulence patterns and long range mapping of extraintestinal Escherichia coli K1, K5 and K100 isolates: Use of pulse field gel electrophoresis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59738},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {A total of 127 extraintestinal Escherichia coli strains of the capsule serotypes Kl, KS, and KlOO from human and animal sources were analyzed for DNA sequences specific for the genes for various adhesins (P fimbriae fpap] and P-related sequences fprs], S fimbriae [s/a)/FlC fimbriae [foc], and type I fimbriae lfim]), aerobactin (aer), and hemolysin (hly). The expression of corresponding virulence factors was also tested. Twenty-four selected strains were analyzed by long-range DNA mapping to evaluate their genetic relationships. DNA sequences for the adhesins were often found in strains not expressing them, while strains with hemolysin and aerobactin genes usually did express them. Different isolates of the same serotype orten expressed different virulence patterns. The use of virulence-associated gene probes for Southern hybridization with genomic DNA fragments separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that a highly heterogeneous restriction fragment length and hybridization pattern existed even within strains of the same serotype. Long-range DNA mapping is therefore useful for the evaluation of genetic relatedness among individual isolates and facilitates the performance of .precise molecular epidemiology.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BenderOttDebesetal.1991,
  author    = {Bender, L. and Ott, M. and Debes, A. and Rdest, U. and Heesemann, J. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Distribution, expression and long range mapping of legiolysin gene (lly) specific DNA sequences in Legionellae},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59744},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The legiolysin gene (lly) cloned from Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia 1 confers the phenotypes of hemolysis and browning of the culture medium. An internal Uy-specific DNA probe was used in Southern hybridizations for the detection of Uy-specific DNA in the genomes of legioneUae and other gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Under conditi9ns of high stringency, tlie Uy DNA probe specifically reacted with DNA fragments fr9m L. pneumophi{\"u}z isolates; by reducing stringency, hybridization was also observed for all other Legionella strains tested. No hybridization occurred with DNAs isolated from bact~ria of other genera. The Uy genewas mapped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the respective genomic Notl fragments of Legionelltz isolates. By using antilegiolysin monospecific polyclonal antibodies in Western blots (immunoblots), Lly proteins could be detected only in L. pneumophila isolates.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttMessnerHeesemannetal.1991,
  author    = {Ott, M. and Messner, P. and Heesemann, J. and Marre, R. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Temperature dependent expression of flagella in Legionella},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59755},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Legionel/a pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, was analysed by electron microscopy for production of surface structures. Crystalline surface (S-) layers and fimbriae were not detected, but monotrichous flagellation was seen. Polyclonal antibodies specific for the 47 kDa ftagellin subunit of L. pneumophila Philadelphia I were used in Western blots to confirm the presence of flagella subunits in various L. pneumophila strains tested, but the antiserumalso reacted with flagellin subunits of L. micdlulei, L. hackelia (serogroup (SG) l and SG21 and L./ongbetichae (SG2). Flagellation of Legionellae was shown to be temperature regulated. When the growth temperature of virulent and avirulent variants of strain L. pneumophila Philadelphia I was shifted from 30 oc to either 37 or 41 oc, a decrease in the percentage offtagellated bacteria within the populationwas observed.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttBenderChirinosetal.1991,
  author    = {Ott, M. and Bender, L. and Chirinos, E. and Ehret, W. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Phenotype versus genotype of the 19 kd peptido-glycan associated protein of Legionella (PplA) among Legionellae and other gram-negative bacteria},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59768},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The protein PpiA (19 kD) cloned from a genomic library of Legionella pneumophila, Philadelphia 1, represents a peptido-glycan associated outer membrane protein in recombinant E. coli K-12 and L. pneumophila. lt exhibits distinct sequence homology to Iipoproteins of Haemophilus influenzae and E. coli. A ppiA specific DNA probe generated by PCR was used in Southern hybridizations of chromosomal DNA of Legionella strains and other Gram-negative pathogens. Under conditions of high stringency, hybridization could only be observed in L. pneumophila isolates, but alt other Legionella strains tested displayed hybridization under lower stringency. No signals appeared after hybridization of chromosomal DNA from a variety of other bacteria. Using anti-PpiA monospecific polyclonal antibodies in Western blots, it was demonstrated that PpiA related proteins of nearly the same size are found in all L. pneumophila isolates and in a variety of, but not alt, the Legionella species analysed here.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttBenderMarreetal.1991,
  author    = {Ott, M. and Bender, L. and Marre, R. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Pulsed field electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments for the detection of nosocomial Legionella pneumophila in hospital water supplies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59672},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Ten Legionella pneumophUa strains isolated from dift'erent sources were analyzed according to their restriction fragment patterils obtained by cle~vage of gen.omic DNA With Notl and Sftl and separation by pulsed field electrophoresis. Three L. pneumophila isolate~ from a nosocomial outbreak in L{\"u}~k (Germany) and three other L. prreumophilll stralns independently isolated from a water tap located in the care unit where tbe patients were bospitalized 'xhibited identical restricti9n fragment profiles. Therefore, we concluded that these environment81 spee~ens were the source of the Legionnatres dlsease. Anotber two isolates from patients and two strains from the environment, all unrelated to the outJlreak described, sbowed different cleavage patterns.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HackerOttLudwigetal.1991,
  author    = {Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Ott, M. and Ludwig, B. and Rdest, U.},
  title     = {Intracellular survival and expression of virulence determinants of Legionella pneumophila},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59681},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease is able to live and multiply within macrophages as weil as within protozoan organisms. Legionella strains inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion and phagosome acidification. By using two different cell culture systems, one derived from human macrophages and the other from human.embryo lung fibro:blastic cells, it is demonstrated that Legionella strains lose their virulence following cultivation in the laboratory. In order to study the mechanisms involved in intracellular survival of Legionella a genomic library of strain Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia I was established in Escherichia coli K-12. By cosmid cloning technique we were able to clone five putative virulence factors, two of which exhibit hemolytic activities and three of which represent membrane-associated proteins of 19, 26 and 60 kilodalton. One of the hemolytic proteins, termed legiolysin, represents a new toxin which specifically lyses human erythrocytes. The other hemolysin exhibits proteolytic properties in addition and is cytolytic for Vero and CHO cells. Further sturlies will be necessary to determine the exact role of the cloned proteins in the pathogenesis of Legionella. Zusammenfassung: Intrazellul{\"a}res {\"U}berleben},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttHacker1991,
  author    = {Ott, M. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Analysis of the variability of S fimbriae expression in an Escherichia coli pathogen.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59695},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The uropathogenic Escherichia coli wiJd..:type strain 536 produces S-fimbriae, P-related fimbriae and type I fimbriae. Using immuno-colony dot and ELISA techniques, variants were detected showing an increased degree of S-fimbrial production. It was demonstrated by itrtmunofluorescence microscopy that in noimal (wild-type) and hyperS- fimbriated E. coli populaiions non-fimbriated cells also · exist, and that the percentage of Sfinibrlated and non-fimbriated bacteria was roughly identica1 in either population. Hyper-Sfimbriated variants could be stably maintained. The transition from wild-type to hyper-S-fimbriation, which occurs spontaneously, is markedly higher than vice versa. Southern blot analysis of the S fimbrial adhesin (sfa) determinants of normal and hyper-fimbriated strains revealed no marked difference in the gene structure.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WintermeyerRdestLudwigetal.1991,
  author    = {Wintermeyer, E. and Rdest, U. and Ludwig, B. and Debes, A. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Characterization of legiolysin (lly); responsible for hemolytic activity, colour production and fluorescence of Legionella pneumophila},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59706},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlumOttCrossetal.1991,
  author    = {Blum, G. and Ott, M. and Cross, A. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Virulence determinants of Escherichia coli O6 extraintestinal isolates analysed by Southern hybridizations and DNA long range mapping techniques},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59717},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {A total of 16 Escherichia coli 06 strains isolated from cases of extraintestinal infections were analysed for the genetic presence and phenotypic expression of fimbrial adhesins ( P, S/FIC, type I), aerobactin and hemolysin. ln addition restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of Xbal-cleaved genomic DNA of seven selected strains, separated by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis {OFAGE) were determined and virulence-associated DNA probes were used for Southern hybridization studies of the Xbal-cleaved genomic DNAs. The virulence characteristics and hybridization patterns obtained differed between the various isolates. ln three isolates hemolysin genes and P fimbrial determinants were located on the same Xbal fragments. Furthermore, multiple copies of FIC determinants (foc) could be detected in two strains. Our data show that the new technique of pulse field electrophoresis tagether with Southern hybridization represents a powerful tool for the genetic analysis of pathogenic bacteria.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LudwigSchmidMarreetal.1991,
  author    = {Ludwig, B. and Schmid, A. and Marre, R. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Cloning, genetic analysis and nucleotide sequence of a determinant coding for a 19 kd peptidoglycan-associated protein (Ppl) of Legionella pneumophila},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59721},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {A genomic library of Legionello pneumophihz, the causative agent of Legionnaires disease in humans, was constructed in Escherichill coli K-12, and the recombinant clones were screened by immuno-colony blots with im antiserum raised against heat-killed L. pneumophilo. Twenty-three clones coding for a LegioneUa-specific protein of 19 kDa were isolated. The 19-kDa protein, which represents an outer membrane protein, was found tobe associated with the peptidoglycan layer bothin L. pneumophilo andin the recombinant E. coli clones. This was shown by electrophoresis and Western immunoblot analysis of bacterial cell membrane fractions witb a monospecific polyclonal 19-kDa protein-specific antiserum. Tbe protein was termed peptidoglycan-associated protein of L. pneumophilo (Ppl). The corresponding genetic determinant, ppl, was subcloned on a 1.8-kb Clol fragment. DNA sequence studies revealed that two open reading frames, pplA and pplB, coding for putative proteins of 18~9 and 16.8 kDa, respectively, were located on the Clol fragment. Exonuclease 111 digestion studies confirmed tbat pplA is the gene coding for the peptidoglycan.;.associated 19-kDa protein of L. pneumophilo. The amino acid sequence of PpiA exhibits a high degree of homology to the sequences of the Pal Iipoproteins of E. coli K-12 and liaemophilus injluenvze.},
  subject      = {Infektionsbiologie},
  language  = {en}
}