@article{HeinsenHennEisenmengeretal.1994, author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Henn, R. and Eisenmenger, W. and G{\"o}tz, M. and Bohl, J. and Bethke, B. and Lockermann, U. and P{\"u}schel, K.}, title = {Quantitative investigations on the human entorhinal area: left - right asymmetry and age-related changes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59946}, year = {1994}, abstract = {The total nerve cell numbers in the right and in the left human entorhinal areas have been calculated by volume estimations with the Cavalieri principle and by cell density determinations with the optical disector. Thick gallocyanin-stained serial frozen sections through the parahippocampal gyrus of 22 human subjects (10 female, 12 male) ranging from 18 to 86 years were analysed. The laminar composition of gallocyanin (Nissl)-stained sections could easily be compared with Braak's (1972, 1980) pigmentoarchitectonic study, and Braak's nomenclature of the entorhinal laminas was adopted. Cellsparse laminae dissecantes can more clearly be distinguished in Nissl than in aldehydefuchsin preparations. These cell-poor dissecantes, lamina dissecans extema (dis-ext), lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1) and lamina dissecans 2 (dis-2), were excluded from nerve cell nurober determinations. An exact delineation of the entorhinal area is indispensable for any kind of quantitative investigation. We have defined the entorhinal area by the presence of pre-alpha ceil clusters and the deeper layers of lamina principalis externa (pre-beta and gamma) separated from lamina principalis interna (pri) by lamina dissecans 1 (dis-1). The human entorhinal area is quantitatively characterized by a left-sided (asymmetric) higher pre-alpha cell number and an age-related nerve cell loss in pre as well as pri layers. At variance with other CNS cortical and subcortical structures, the neuronal number of the entorhinal area appears to decrease continuously from the earliest stages analysed, although a secular trend has to be considered. The asymmetry in pre-alpha cell number is discussed in the context of higher human mental capabilities, especially language.}, subject = {Medizin}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsenStrikLutheretal.1994, author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Strik, M. and Luther, K. and Ulmar, G. and Gangnus, D. and Jungkunz, G. and Eisenmenger, W. and G{\"o}tz, M. and Bauer, M.}, title = {Cortical and striatal neurone number in Huntington's disease}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55217}, year = {1994}, abstract = {The total cortical and striatal neurone and glial numbers were estimated in five cases of Huntington's disease (three males, two females) and five ageand sex-matched control cases. Serial 500-l-lm-thick gallocyanin-stained frontal sections through the left hemisphere were analysed using Cavalieri's principle for volume and the optical disector for cell density estimations. The average cortical neurone number of five controls (mean age 53±13 years, range 36-72 years) was 5.97x 109±320x 106 , the average number of small striatal neurones was 82 X 106± 15.8 X 106• The left striatum (caudatum, putamen, and accumbens) contained a mean of 273 X 106±53 X 106 glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and unc1assifiable glial profiles). The mean cortical neurone number in Huntington's disease patients (mean age 49±14 years, range 36-75 years) was diminished by about 33 \% to 3.99x109±218x106 nerve cells (P ::;:::: 0.012, MannWhitney V-test). The mean number of small striatal neurones decreased tremendously to 9.72 X 106 ± 3.64 X 106 (-88 \% ). The decrease in total glial cells was less pronounced (193 X 106±26 X 106) but the mean glial index, the numerical ratio of glial cells per neurone, increased from 3.35 to 22.59 in Huntington's disease. Qualitatively, neuronal loss was most pronounced in supragranular layers of primary sensory areas (Brodmann's areae 3,1,2; area 17, area 41). Layer HIc pyramidal cells were preferentially lost in association areas of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes, whereas spared layer IV granule cells formed a conspicuous band between layer IH and V in these fields. Methodological issues are discussed in context with previous investigations and similarities and differences of laminar and lobar nerve cellloss in Huntington's disease are compared with nerve cell degent-ration in other neuropsychiatric diseases.}, subject = {Medizin}, language = {en} } @article{Heinsen1977, author = {Heinsen, Helmut}, title = {Quantitative anatomical studies on the postnatal development of the cerebellum of the albino rat}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59881}, year = {1977}, abstract = {The quantitative postnatal changes of the cerebella of 65 Wistar rats aged 2-120 days have been examined. The cerebellar volume increases in two phases: The first phase lasts from birth to the seventh postnatal week. The second phase begins ten weeks post parturn and lasts for a Ionger period than the first phase. The cerebellar surface increases continuously from birth to the end of the seventh week. The volume of the external granular layer is maximal when the organ grows rapidly. The external granular layer has nearly disappeared 24 days after birth; the volume of the interaal granular layer is maximal at this time. Later on, the volume and the width of the interaal granular layer decrease. Myelinization of the cerebellar fibers and growth of the molecular layer run parallel to this decrease. The second late, but protracted growth of the cerebellum, ten weeks after birth, is due to an increase of the molecular and medullary layer. These findings are in good accord with histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural observations of other authors.}, subject = {Medizin}, language = {en} } @article{Heinsen1979, author = {Heinsen, Helmut}, title = {Lipofuscin in the cerebellar cortex of albino rats: an electron microscopic study}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59891}, year = {1979}, abstract = {The ultrastructure of autofluorescent, PAS-positive lipofuscin in Purkinje, granule, Golgi epithelial, basket and stellate, microglial and perivascular cells in the cerebellar cortex of senescent rats is described. The membrane- bounded pigment is composed ofthree elements: 1) electron-lucent homogeneaus droplets, 2) a granular matrix and 3) intensely osmiophilic patches. The proportians ofthese three components vary between cell types and one can grossly differentiate a neuronal and a gliallipofuscin. The lipofuscin granules of stellate and perivscular cells are different from lipofuscin of other cerebellar neurons and glia. lt can be concluded from these morphological observations that each cerebellar cell type has its distinct lipofuscin.}, subject = {Medizin}, language = {en} } @article{Heinsen1981, author = {Heinsen, Helmut}, title = {Regional differences in the distribution of lipofuscin in Purkinje cell perikarya : a quantitative Pigmentarchitectonic study of the Cerebellar Cortexof Senile Albino Rats}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59904}, year = {1981}, abstract = {The distribution of lipofuscin in the perikarya of Purkin je cells of vermal and hemispheric lobules has been determined quantitatively in 7 rats, 30-38 months old, by the point-counting method. On the basis of morphologically and statistically significant differences a pigmentarchitectonics of the cerebellar cortex is established. The Purkinje cells of lobule VIa (Larsell 1952) are extremely lipofuscin-rich. The Purkinje cells of the hemispheres, lobules V, Vlb + c and VII contain considerable amounts of a finely granular lipofuscin, the Purkinje cells of lobules I-III and VIII- IXa a globular type of lipofuscin. The Purkinje cells of sublobule XI d c and X are lipofuscin-poor cells. Three types of lipofuscin ha ve been identified in the light microscope.}, subject = {Medizin}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsenHeinsen1983, author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, Y. L.}, title = {Quantitative studies on regional differences in Purkinje cell dendritic spines and parallel fiber synaptic density}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59917}, year = {1983}, abstract = {No abstact available}, subject = {Medizin}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsenHeinsen1983, author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, Y. L.}, title = {Cerebellar capillaries: qualitative and quantitative observations in young and senile rats}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59924}, year = {1983}, abstract = {Ultrastructural changes including reduced electron density, reduction in polysemes and cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum occur in the cytoplasrn of endothelial cells and pericytes in the cerebellar cortex of senile virgin female Han: WIST-rats in cornparison to 3-month old virgin rats. Processes of pericytes cover less of the capillary surface in the cerebellar cortex of senile rats; moreover, arithmetic and harmonic mean thickness of the endothelium and relative volume of mitochondria in endothelial cells and pericytes are reduced, w hereas the luminal diameter of the capillaries, harmonic and arithmetic mean thickness of pericytes and their processes and of the basal laminae between endothelial cells and astrocytes (abbreviated BAL 1), pericytes and astrocytes (BAL 2) and endothelial cells and pericytes (BAL 3) increase. The increase in harmonic mean thickness of the basal laminae is statistically significant (α<=0.05) and compensates for a decrease in thickness of capillary endothelium. Consequently, the total barrier mass and thickness of cerebellar cortical capillaries in senile animals is higher than in young individuals.}, subject = {Medizin}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsenHeinsenBeckmannetal.1989, author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, Y. L. and Beckmann, H. and Gallyas, F. and Haas, S. and Scharff, G.}, title = {Laminar neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease by a modified Gallyas impregnation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59933}, year = {1989}, abstract = {No abstract available}, subject = {Medizin}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsenHeinsen1983, author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, Y. L.}, title = {Regionale Unterschiede der numerischen Purkinje-Zell-Dichte in Kleinhirnen von Albinoratten zweier St{\"a}mme}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45752}, year = {1983}, abstract = {The total number and the number of Purkinje cells per square millimeter of the surface of the cerebellar granular layer were measured in albino rats from two strains: Chbb-THOM-Wist and Han: SPRD. The total number of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar vermian lobules L land L X with the exception of cells in the lobules VIb + c did not. differ significantly. Statistically significant differences were found between the individuals of the two rat strains and within single lobules of the cerebella concerning the cell density of Purkinje cells per square millimeter surface of the granular layer. The results suggest heterogeneity of the cerebellar cortex between cerebellar lobules and between albino rats derived from different strains.}, language = {de} } @article{PfeifferGoetzXiangetal.2013, author = {Pfeiffer, Verena and G{\"o}tz, Rudolf and Xiang, Chaomei and Camarero, Guadelupe and Braun, Attila and Zhang, Yina and Blum, Robert and Heinsen, Helmut and Nieswandt, Bernhard and Rapp, Ulf R.}, title = {Ablation of BRaf Impairs Neuronal Differentiation in the Postnatal Hippocampus and Cerebellum}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {8}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0058259}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130304}, pages = {e58259}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This study focuses on the role of the kinase BRaf in postnatal brain development. Mice expressing truncated, non-functional BRaf in neural stem cell-derived brain tissue demonstrate alterations in the cerebellum, with decreased sizes and fuzzy borders of the glomeruli in the granule cell layer. In addition we observed reduced numbers and misplaced ectopic Purkinje cells that showed an altered structure of their dendritic arborizations in the hippocampus, while the overall cornus ammonis architecture appeared to be unchanged. In male mice lacking BRaf in the hippocampus the size of the granule cell layer was normal at postnatal day 12 (P12) but diminished at P21, as compared to control littermates. This defect was caused by a reduced ability of dentate gyrus progenitor cells to differentiate into NeuN positive granule cell neurons. In vitro cell culture of P0/P1 hippocampal cells revealed that BRaf deficient cells were impaired in their ability to form microtubule-associated protein 2 positive neurons. Together with the alterations in behaviour, such as autoaggression and loss of balance fitness, these observations indicate that in the absence of BRaf all neuronal cellular structures develop, but neuronal circuits in the cerebellum and hippocampus are partially disturbed besides impaired neuronal generation in both structures.}, language = {en} } @article{UppalGianatiempoWicinskietal.2014, author = {Uppal, Neha and Gianatiempo, Isabella and Wicinski, Bridget and Schmeidler, James and Heinsen, Helmut and Schmitz, Christoph and Buxbaum, Joseph D. and Hof, Patrick R.}, title = {Neuropathology of the posteroinferior occipitotemporal gyrus in children with autism}, series = {Molecular Autism}, volume = {5}, journal = {Molecular Autism}, number = {17}, doi = {10.1186/2040-2392-5-17}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117275}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: While most neuropathologic studies focus on regions involved in behavioral abnormalities in autism, it is also important to identify whether areas that appear functionally normal are devoid of pathologic alterations. In this study we analyzed the posteroinferior occipitotemporal gyrus, an extrastriate area not considered to be affected in autism. This area borders the fusiform gyrus, which is known to exhibit functional and cellular abnormalities in autism. Findings: No studies have implicated posteroinferior occipitotemporal gyrus dysfunction in autism, leading us to hypothesize that neuropathology would not occur in this area. We indeed observed no significant differences in pyramidal neuron number or size in layers III, V, and VI in seven pairs of autism and controls. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that neuropathology is unique to areas involved in stereotypies and social and emotional behaviors, and support the specificity of the localization of pathology in the fusiform gyrus.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsenHeinsen1984, author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, YL}, title = {Strain-specific differences in the vermian granular layer of albino rats}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45735}, year = {1984}, abstract = {Foliation of the cerebella of Sprague-Dawley rats (strain Han:SPRD) is more advanced than in Wistar rats (strain Chbb:THOM). The differences expressed as length of the granular layer in median sections were significant in lobules VIa, VIII, IX and X. The length of the other vermian lobules is generally higher in the former strain. With regard to the volume of the granular layer, the situation is reversed, indicating that the lateral extent and thickness of vermian lobules in Wistar rats (strain Chbb:THOM) is generally larger. These quantitative differences may express differences in cerebellar microcircuitry and fibre connections in the cortex of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsenHeinsen1991, author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, Y. L.}, title = {Serial thick, frozen, gallocyanin stained sections of human central nervous system}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45741}, year = {1991}, abstract = {A rapid method for macroscopic and microscopic investigation of human CNS is proposed. After fonnalin fixation, gelatin or agarose embedding, and cryoprotective treatment, frozen human spinal cords, brainstems, or hemispheres can be serially cut into 0.7 mm thick slices. Stained with gallocyanin-chromalum, these slices facilitate cytoarchitectonic, neuropathologic, and quantitative examination. Regions of interest from parallel fonnalin-stored unstained slices can be embedded into paraffin and stained by any irnrnunocytologic and histologic stain compatible with fonnalin fixation and paraffin embedding.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtKnemeyerHeinsen2018, author = {Schmidt, Martin J. and Knemeyer, Carola and Heinsen, Helmut}, title = {Neuroanatomy of the equine brain as revealed by high-field (3Tesla) magnetic-resonance-imaging}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {14}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0213814}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228945}, pages = {e0213814, 1-49}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In this study, the morphology of the horse brain (Equus caballus) is decribed in detail using high field MRI. The study includes sagittal, dorsal, and transverse T2-weighted images at 0.25 mm resolution at 3 Tesla and 3D models of the brain presenting the external morphology of the brain. Representative gallocyanin stained histological slides of the same brain are presented. The images represent a useful tool for MR image interpretation in horses and may serve as a starting point for further research aiming at in vivo analysis in this species.}, language = {en} } @article{KimFranckKangetal.2015, author = {Kim, Jae Ho and Franck, Julien and Kang, Taewook and Heinsen, Helmut and Ravid, Rivka and Ferrer, Isidro and Cheon, Mi Hee and Lee, Joo-Yong and Yoo, Jong Shin and Steinbusch, Harry W. and Salzet, Michel and Fournier, Isabelle and Park, Young Mok}, title = {Proteome-wide characterization of signalling interactions in the hippocampal CA4/DG subfield of patients with Alzheimer's disease}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {5}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {11138}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151727}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia; however, mechanisms and biomarkers remain unclear. Here, we examined hippocampal CA4 and dentate gyrus subfields, which are less studied in the context of AD pathology, in post-mortem AD and control tissue to identify possible biomarkers. We performed mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis combined with label-free quantification for identification of differentially expressed proteins. We identified 4,328 proteins, of which 113 showed more than 2-fold higher or lower expression in AD hippocampi than in control tissues. Five proteins were identified as putative AD biomarkers (MDH2, PCLO, TRRAP, YWHAZ, and MUC19 isoform 5) and were cross-validated by immunoblotting, selected reaction monitoring, and MALDI imaging. We also used a bioinformatics approach to examine upstream signalling interactions of the 113 regulated proteins. Five upstream signalling (IGF1, BDNF, ZAP70, MYC, and cyclosporin A) factors showed novel interactions in AD hippocampi. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel platform that may provide new strategies for the early detection of AD and thus its diagnosis.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmittTatschVollhardtetal.2022, author = {Schmitt, Andrea and Tatsch, Laura and Vollhardt, Alisa and Schneider-Axmann, Thomas and Raabe, Florian J. and Roell, Lukas and Heinsen, Helmut and Hof, Patrick R. and Falkai, Peter and Schmitz, Christoph}, title = {Decreased oligodendrocyte number in hippocampal subfield CA4 in schizophrenia: a replication study}, series = {Cells}, volume = {11}, journal = {Cells}, number = {20}, issn = {2073-4409}, doi = {10.3390/cells11203242}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290360}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Hippocampus-related cognitive deficits in working and verbal memory are frequent in schizophrenia, and hippocampal volume loss, particularly in the cornu ammonis (CA) subregions, was shown by magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, the underlying cellular alterations remain elusive. By using unbiased design-based stereology, we reported a reduction in oligodendrocyte number in CA4 in schizophrenia and of granular neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG). Here, we aimed to replicate these findings in an independent sample. We used a stereological approach to investigate the numbers and densities of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes in CA4 and of granular neurons in the DG of left and right hemispheres in 11 brains from men with schizophrenia and 11 brains from age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In schizophrenia, a decreased number and density of oligodendrocytes was detected in the left and right CA4, whereas mean volumes of CA4 and the DG and the numbers and density of neurons, astrocytes, and granular neurons were not different in patients and controls, even after adjustment of variables because of positive correlations with postmortem interval and age. Our results replicate the previously described decrease in oligodendrocytes bilaterally in CA4 in schizophrenia and point to a deficit in oligodendrocyte maturation or a loss of mature oligodendrocytes. These changes result in impaired myelination and neuronal decoupling, both of which are linked to altered functional connectivity and subsequent cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.}, language = {en} } @article{StockMoeckelZanderetal.2023, author = {Stock, Benjamin and M{\"o}ckel, Sigrid and Zander, Christine and Heinsen, Helmut and Bohnert, Simone and Bohnert, Michael}, title = {„Black esophagus" - zwei Obduktionsf{\"a}lle mit infekti{\"o}ser Beteiligung}, series = {Rechtsmedizin}, volume = {33}, journal = {Rechtsmedizin}, number = {3}, issn = {0937-9819}, doi = {10.1007/s00194-022-00593-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325022}, pages = {206-210}, year = {2023}, abstract = {„Black esophagus" oder „akute {\"O}sophagusnekrose" (A{\"O}N) ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die sich makroskopisch durch eine zirkumferente Schwarzverf{\"a}rbung der {\"O}sophagusmukosa mit abruptem Ende am gastro{\"o}sophagealen {\"U}bergang auszeichnet. Die genaue Pathogenese ist unbekannt; es werden multifaktorielle Einfl{\"u}sse wie z. B. S{\"a}urereflux, Isch{\"a}mie und verringerte Schutzmechanismen der Mukosa als m{\"o}gliche Ursachen diskutiert. Vorgestellt werden 2 Obduktionsf{\"a}lle, die typische Befunde einer A{\"O}N aufwiesen. Zus{\"a}tzlich hatten Fall 1 eine Candida-Infektion und Fall 2 eine Appendizitis, sodass eine infekti{\"o}se Genese in beiden F{\"a}llen eine Rolle gespielt haben k{\"o}nnte.}, subject = {Histopathologie}, language = {de} } @article{BohnertTrellaPreissetal.2022, author = {Bohnert, Simone and Trella, Stefanie and Preiß, Ulrich and Heinsen, Helmut and Bohnert, Michael and Zwirner, Johann and Tremblay, Marie-{\`E}ve and Monoranu, Camelia-Maria and Ondruschka, Benjamin}, title = {Density of TMEM119-positive microglial cells in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid as a surrogate marker for assessing complex neuropathological processes in the CNS}, series = {International Journal of Legal Medicine}, volume = {136}, journal = {International Journal of Legal Medicine}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1007/s00414-022-02863-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325009}, pages = {1841-1850}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Routine coronal paraffin-sections through the dorsal frontal and parieto-occipital cortex of a total of sixty cases with divergent causes of death were immunohistochemically (IHC) stained with an antibody against TMEM119. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the same cases were collected by suboccipital needle-puncture, subjected to centrifugation and processed as cytospin preparations stained with TMEM119. Both, cytospin preparations and sections were subjected to computer-assisted density measurements. The density of microglial TMEM119-positive cortical profiles correlated with that of cytospin results and with the density of TMEM119-positive microglial profiles in the medullary layer. There was no statistically significant correlation between the density of medullary TMEM119-positive profiles and the cytospin data. Cortical microglial cells were primarily encountered in supragranular layers I, II, and IIIa and in infragranular layers V and VI, the region of U-fibers and in circumscribed foci or spread in a diffuse manner and high density over the white matter. We have evidence that cortical microglia directly migrate into CSF without using the glympathic pathway. Microglia in the medullary layer shows a strong affinity to the adventitia of deep vessels in the myelin layer. Selected rapidly fatal cases including myocardial infarcts and drowning let us conclude that microglia in cortex and myelin layer can react rapidly and its reaction and migration is subject to pre-existing external and internal factors. Cytospin preparations proved to be a simple tool to analyze and assess complex changes in the CNS after rapid fatal damage. There is no statistically significant correlation between cytospin and postmortem interval. Therefore, the quantitative analyses of postmortem cytospins obviously reflect the neuropathology of the complete central nervous system. Cytospins provide forensic pathologists a rather simple and easy to perform method for the global assessment of CNS affliction.}, language = {en} }