@article{DoerhoeferLammertKraneetal.2013,
  author    = {D{\"o}rh{\"o}fer, Lena and Lammert, Alexander and Krane, Vera and Gorski, Mathias and Banas, Bernhard and Wanner, Christoph and Kr{\"a}mer, Bernhard K. and Heid, Iris M. and B{\"o}ger, Carsten A.},
  title     = {Study design of DIACORE (DIAbetes COhoRtE) - a cohort study of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2},
  series = {BMC Medical Genetics},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {BMC Medical Genetics},
  number    = {25},
  issn      = {1471-2350},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2350-14-25},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122040},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is highly associated with increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD), end stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular morbidity. Epidemiological and genetic studies generate hypotheses for innovative strategies in DM2 management by unravelling novel mechanisms of diabetes complications, which is essential for future intervention trials. We have thus initiated the DIAbetes COhoRtE study (DIACORE). Methods: DIACORE is a prospective cohort study aiming to recruit 6000 patients of self-reported Caucasian ethnicity with prevalent DM2 for at least 10 years of follow-up. Study visits are performed in University-based recruiting clinics in Germany using standard operating procedures. All prevalent DM2 patients in outpatient clinics surrounding the recruiting centers are invited to participate. At baseline and at each 2-year follow-up examination, patients are subjected to a core phenotyping protocol. This includes a standardized online questionnaire and physical examination to determine incident micro-and macrovascular DM2 complications, malignancy and hospitalization, with a primary focus on renal events. Confirmatory outcome information is requested from patient records. Blood samples are obtained for a centrally analyzed standard laboratory panel and for biobanking of aliquots of serum, plasma, urine, mRNA and DNA for future scientific use. A subset of the cohort is subjected to extended phenotyping, e. g. sleep apnea screening, skin autofluorescence measurement, non-mydriatic retinal photography and non-invasive determination of arterial stiffness. Discussion: DIACORE will enable the prospective evaluation of factors involved in DM2 complication pathogenesis using high-throughput technologies in biosamples and genetic epidemiological studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderGutjahrLengsfeldRitzetal.2014,
  author    = {Schneider, Andreas and Gutjahr-Lengsfeld, Lena and Ritz, Eberhard and Scharnagl, Hubert and Gelbrich, G{\"o}tz and Pilz, Stefan and Macdougall, Iain C. and Wanner, Christoph and Drechsler, Christiane},
  title     = {Longitudinal Assessments of Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agent Responsiveness and the Association with Specific Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients},
  series = {Nephron Clinical Practice},
  volume    = {128},
  journal   = {Nephron Clinical Practice},
  number    = {1-2},
  issn      = {1660-2110},
  doi       = {10.1159/000367975},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196511},
  pages     = {147-152},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Dose requirements of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) can vary considerably over time and may be associated with cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to longitudinally assess ESA responsiveness over time and to investigate its association with specific clinical end points in a time-dependent approach. Methods: The German Diabetes and Dialysis study (4D study) included 1,255 diabetic dialysis patients, of whom 1,161 were receiving ESA treatment. In those patients, the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) was assessed every 6 months during a median follow-up of 4 years. The association between the ERI and cardiovascular end points was analyzed by time-dependent Cox regression analyses with repeated ERI measures. Results: Patients had a mean age of 66 ± 8.2 years; 53\% were male. During follow-up, a total of 495 patients died, of whom 136 died of sudden death and 102 of infectious death. The adjusted and time-dependent risk for sudden death was increased by 19\% per 5-unit increase in the ERI (hazard ratio, HR = 1.19, 95\% confidence interval, CI = 1.07-1.33). Similarly, mortality increased by 25\% (HR = 1.25, 95\% CI = 1.18-1.32) and infectious death increased by 27\% (HR = 1.27, 95\% CI = 1.13-1.42). Further analysis revealed that lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with lower ESA responsiveness (p = 0.046). Conclusions: In diabetic dialysis patients, we observed that time-varying erythropoietin resistance is associated with sudden death, infectious complications and all-cause mortality. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may contribute to a lower ESA responsiveness.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeckTitzeHuebneretal.2015,
  author    = {Beck, Hanna and Titze, Stephanie I. and H{\"u}bner, Silvia and Busch, Martin and Schlieper, Georg and Schultheiss, Ulla T. and Wanner, Christoph and Kronenberg, Florian and Krane, Vera and Eckardt, Kai-Uwe and K{\"o}ttgen, Anna},
  title     = {Heart Failure in a Cohort of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: The GCKD Study},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0122552},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143315},
  pages     = {e0122552},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for development and progression of heart failure (HF). CKD and HF share common risk factors, but few data exist on the prevalence, signs and symptoms as well as correlates of HF in populations with CKD of moderate severity. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of HF in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study, a large observational prospective study. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 5,015 GCKD patients aged 18-74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73m\(^{2}\) or with an eGFR >= 60 and overt proteinuria (>500 mg/d). We evaluated a definition of HF based on the Gothenburg score, a clinical HF score used in epidemiological studies (Gothenburg HF), and self-reported HF. Factors associated with HF were identified using multivariable adjusted logistic regression. The prevalence of Gothenburg HF was 43\% (ranging from 24\% in those with eGFR >90 to 59\% in those with eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2). The corresponding estimate for self-reported HF was 18\% (range 5\%-24\%). Lower eGFR was significantly and independently associated with the Gothenburg definition of HF (p-trend <0.001). Additional significantly associated correlates included older age, female gender, higher BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, anemia, sleep apnea, and lower educational status. Conclusions The burden of self-reported and Gothenburg HF among patients with CKD is high. The proportion of patients who meet the criteria for Gothenburg HF in a European cohort of patients with moderate CKD is more than twice as high as the prevalence of self-reported HF. However, because of the shared signs, symptoms and medications of HF and CKD, the Gothenburg score cannot be used to reliably define HF in CKD patients. Our results emphasize the need for early screening for HF in patients with CKD.},
  language  = {en}
}