@article{MarenholzEsparzaGordilloRueschendorfetal.2015,
  author    = {Marenholz, Ingo and Esparza-Gordillo, Jorge and R{\"u}schendorf, Franz and Bauerfeind, Anja and Strachan, David P. and Spycher, Ben D. and Baurecht, Hansj{\"o}rg and Magaritte-Jeannin, Patricia and S{\"a}{\"a}f, Annika and Kerkhof, Marjan and Ege, Markus and Baltic, Svetlana and Matheson, Melanie C. and Li, Jin and Michel, Sven and Ang, Wei Q. and McArdle, Wendy and Arnold, Andreas and Homuth, Georg and Demenais, Florence and Bouzigon, Emmanuelle and S{\"o}derh{\"a}ll, Cilla and Pershagen, G{\"o}ran and de Jongste, Johan C. and Postma, Dirkje S. and Braun-Fahrl{\"a}nder, Charlotte and Horak, Elisabeth and Ogorodova, Ludmila M. and Puzyrev, Valery P. and Bragina, Elena Yu and Hudson, Thomas J. and Morin, Charles and Duffy, David L. and Marks, Guy B. and Robertson, Colin F. and Montgomery, Grant W. and Musk, Bill and Thompson, Philip J. and Martin, Nicholas G. and James, Alan and Sleiman, Patrick and Toskala, Elina and Rodriguez, Elke and F{\"o}lster-Holst, Regina and Franke, Andre and Lieb, Wolfgang and Gieger, Christian and Heinzmann, Andrea and Rietschel, Ernst and Keil, Thomas and Cichon, Sven and N{\"o}then, Markus M. and Pennel, Craig E. and Sly, Peter D. and Schmidt, Carsten O. and Matanovic, Anja and Schneider, Valentin and Heinig, Matthias and H{\"u}bner, Norbert and Holt, Patrick G. and Lau, Susanne and Kabesch, Michael and Weidinger, Stefan and Hakonarson, Hakon and Ferreira, Manuel A. R. and Laprise, Catherine and Freidin, Maxim B. and Genuneit, Jon and Koppelman, Gerard H. and Mel{\´e}n, Erik and Dizier, Marie-H{\´e}l{\`e}ne and Henderson, A. John and Lee, Young Ae},
  title     = {Meta-analysis identifies seven susceptibility loci involved in the atopic march},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  number    = {8804},
  doi       = {10.1038/ncomms9804},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139835},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Eczema often precedes the development of asthma in a disease course called the 'atopic march'. To unravel the genes underlying this characteristic pattern of allergic disease, we conduct a multi-stage genome-wide association study on infantile eczema followed by childhood asthma in 12 populations including 2,428 cases and 17,034 controls. Here we report two novel loci specific for the combined eczema plus asthma phenotype, which are associated with allergic disease for the first time; rs9357733 located in EFHC1 on chromosome 6p12.3 (OR 1.27; P = 2.1 x 10(-8)) and rs993226 between TMTC2 and SLC6A15 on chromosome 12q21.3 (OR 1.58; P = 5.3 x 10(-9)). Additional susceptibility loci identified at genome-wide significance are FLG (1q21.3), IL4/KIF3A (5q31.1), AP5B1/OVOL1 (11q13.1), C11orf30/LRRC32 (11q13.5) and IKZF3 (17q21). We show that predominantly eczema loci increase the risk for the atopic march. Our findings suggest that eczema may play an important role in the development of asthma after eczema.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VonaMazaheriLinetal.2021,
  author    = {Vona, Barbara and Mazaheri, Neda and Lin, Sheng-Jia and Dunbar, Lucy A. and Maroofian, Reza and Azaiez, Hela and Booth, Kevin T. and Vitry, Sandrine and Rad, Aboulfazl and R{\"u}schendorf, Franz and Varshney, Pratishtha and Fowler, Ben and Beetz, Christian and Alagramam, Kumar N. and Murphy, David and Shariati, Gholamreza and Sedaghat, Alireza and Houlden, Henry and Petree, Cassidy and VijayKumar, Shruthi and Smith, Richard J. H. and Haaf, Thomas and El-Amraoui, Aziz and Bowl, Michael R. and Varshney, Gaurav K. and Galehdari, Hamid},
  title     = {A biallelic variant in CLRN2 causes non-syndromic hearing loss in humans},
  series = {Human Genetics},
  volume    = {140},
  journal   = {Human Genetics},
  number    = {6},
  issn      = {1432-1203},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00439-020-02254-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267740},
  pages     = {915-931},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Deafness, the most frequent sensory deficit in humans, is extremely heterogeneous with hundreds of genes involved. Clinical and genetic analyses of an extended consanguineous family with pre-lingual, moderate-to-profound autosomal recessive sensorineural hearing loss, allowed us to identify CLRN2, encoding a tetraspan protein, as a new deafness gene. Homozygosity mapping followed by exome sequencing identified a 14.96 Mb locus on chromosome 4p15.32p15.1 containing a likely pathogenic missense variant in CLRN2 (c.494C > A, NM_001079827.2) segregating with the disease. Using in vitro RNA splicing analysis, we show that the CLRN2 c.494C > A variant leads to two events: (1) the substitution of a highly conserved threonine (uncharged amino acid) to lysine (charged amino acid) at position 165, p.(Thr165Lys), and (2) aberrant splicing, with the retention of intron 2 resulting in a stop codon after 26 additional amino acids, p.(Gly146Lysfs*26). Expression studies and phenotyping of newly produced zebrafish and mouse models deficient for clarin 2 further confirm that clarin 2, expressed in the inner ear hair cells, is essential for normal organization and maintenance of the auditory hair bundles, and for hearing function. Together, our findings identify CLRN2 as a new deafness gene, which will impact future diagnosis and treatment for deaf patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Franz2022,
  author    = {Franz, David J.},
  title     = {Is Applied Ethics Morally Problematic?},
  series = {Journal of Academic Ethics},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Journal of Academic Ethics},
  issn      = {1572-8544},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10805-021-09417-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269095},
  pages     = {359-374},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper argues that applied ethics can itself be morally problematic. As illustrated by the case of Peter Singer's criticism of social practice, morally loaded communication by applied ethicists can lead to protests, backlashes, and aggression. By reviewing the psychological literature on self-image, collective identity, and motivated reasoning three categories of morally problematic consequences of ethical criticism by applied ethicists are identified: serious psychological discomfort, moral backfiring, and hostile conflict. The most worrisome is moral backfiring: psychological research suggests that ethical criticism of people's central moral convictions can reinforce exactly those attitudes. Therefore, applied ethicists unintentionally can contribute to a consolidation of precisely those social circumstances that they condemn to be unethical. Furthermore, I argue that the normative concerns raised in this paper are not dependent on the commitment to one specific paradigm in moral philosophy. Utilitarianism, Aristotelian virtue ethics, and Rawlsian contractarianism all provide sound reasons to take morally problematic consequences of ethical criticism seriously. Only the case of deontological ethics is less clear-cut. Finally, I point out that the issues raised in this paper provide an excellent opportunity for further interdisciplinary collaboration between applied ethics and social sciences. I also propose strategies for communicating ethics effectively.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Franz2022,
  author    = {Franz, David J.},
  title     = {Moral responsibility for self-deluding beings},
  series = {Philosophia},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Philosophia},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {0048-3893},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11406-022-00469-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324871},
  pages     = {1791-1807},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In this article, I argue for four theses. First, libertarian and compatibilist accounts of moral responsibility agree that the capability of practical reason is the central feature of moral responsibility. Second, this viewpoint leads to a reasons-focused account of human behavior. Examples of human action discussed in debates about moral responsibility suggest that typical human actions are driven primarily by the agent's subjective reasons and are sufficiently transparent for the agent. Third, this conception of self-transparent action is a questionable idealization. As shown by psychological research on self-assessment, motivated reasoning, and terror management theory, humans oftentimes have only a limited understanding of their conduct. Self-deception is rather the rule than the exception. Fourth, taking the limited self-transparency of practical reason seriously leads to a socially contextualized conception of moral responsibility.},
  language  = {en}
}