@unpublished{Reiss2012,
  author    = {Reiss, Harald},
  title     = {Time scales and existence of time holes in non-transparent media},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73554},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The analysis presented in this paper applies to experimental situations where observers or objects to be studied, all at stationary positions, are located in environments the optical thickness of which is strongly different. Non-transparent media comprise thin metallic films, packed or fluidised beds, superconductors, the Earth's crust, and even dark clouds and other cosmological objects. The analysis applies mapping functions that correlate physical events, e, in non-transparent media, with their images, f(e), tentatively located on standard physical time scale. The analysis demonstrates, however, that physical time, in its rigorous sense, does not exist under non-transparency conditions. A proof of this conclusion is attempted in three steps: i) the theorem "there is no time without space and events" is accepted, (ii) images f[e(s,t)] do not constitute a dense, uncountably infinite set, and (iii) sets of images that are not uncountably infinite do not create physical time but only time-like sequences. As a consequence, mapping f[e(s,t)] in non-transparent space does not create physical analogues to the mathematical structure of the ordered, dense half-set R+ of real numbers, and reverse mapping, f-1f[e(s,t)], the mathematical inverse problem, would not allow unique identification and reconstruction of original events from their images. In these cases, causality as well as invariance of physical processes under time reversal, might be violated. An interesting problem is whether temporal cloaking (a time hole) in a transparent medium, as very recently reported in the literature, can be explained by the present analysis. Existence of time holes could perhaps be possible, not in transparent but in non-transparent media, as follows from the sequence of images, f[e(s,t)], that is not uncountably infinite, in contrast to R+. Impacts are expected for understanding physical diffusion-like, radiative transfer processes and stability models to protect superconductors against quenchs. There might be impacts also in relativity, quantum mechanics, nuclear decay, or in systems close to their phase transitions. The analysis is not restricted to objects of laboratory dimensions.},
  subject      = {Zeitrichtung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Reiss1985,
  author    = {Reiss, Harald},
  title     = {Strahlungstransport in dispersen nicht-transparenten Medien},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-66669},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {In dieser Habilitationsschrift wird das Gesamtgebiet des W{\"a}rmetransports in dispersen Medien untersucht, kompakt, ohne Anspruch auf Vollst{\"a}ndigkeit, jedoch mit Schwerpunkt auf Strahlungstransport in nicht-transparenten Medien; hier sind es bevorzugt hochpor{\"o}se Substanzen, die aus Festk{\"o}rperteilchen bestehen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich auf andere disperse nicht-transparente Medien wie dichte Gasatmosph{\"a}ren oder einige Zweiphasengemische {\"u}bertragen, wenn Nicht-Strahlungsanteile und Gesamt-Energieerhaltung korrekt formuliert werden. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf station{\"a}re Randbedingungen und Strahlungsquellen. Die Motivation zu dieser Arbeit ist mindestens zweifach: Die Trennung des totalen W{\"a}rmestroms in seine Komponenten, in irgendeinem kontinuierlichen oder dispersen Medium, ist eines der herausfordernden, gleichzeitig schwierigsten physikalischen Probleme bei der Analyse des W{\"a}rmetransports; zum zweiten ist es f{\"u}r die Verringerung von W{\"a}rmeverlusten (z. B. in thermischen Isolierungen) dringend erforderlich, die einzelnen Komponenten der W{\"a}rmeverluststr{\"o}me zu kennen, um sie einzeln zu minimieren (das geht offensichtlich nur, wenn man den totalen W{\"a}rmstrom in seine Komponenten zerlegen kann). Die Trennung kann erfolgreich sein, wenn die optische Dicke des untersuchten Mediums sehr groß ist (das Medium ist dann nicht-transparent). In dieser idealen, in der Energietechnik jedoch h{\"a}ufig auftretenden Situation (und nicht nur dort), liefert das Strahlungsdiffusionsmodell den korrekten Ansatz zur Beschreibung des Strahlungsanteils und dessen Temperaturabh{\"a}ngigkeit. Wegen Energieerhaltung und mit der additiven N{\"a}herung erlaubt dieses Ergebnis umgekehrt die Berechnung auch der Nichtstrahlungsanteile im totalen W{\"a}rmestrom; diese sind demnach alle gleichzeitig in kalorimetrischen Messungen zug{\"a}nglich. Damit wird nachfolgende separate Analyse dieser Komponenten mittels geeigneter theoretischer Modelle m{\"o}glich. Da das Temperaturprofil im Medium alle W{\"a}rmestromkomponenten zum totalen W{\"a}rmestrom miteinander koppelt, ist f{\"u}r diesen Ansatz die Kenntnis der Temperaturabh{\"a}ngigkeit auch aller Nicht-Strahlungsanteile erforderlich. Neben der kalorimetrischen Methode kann die Bestimmung der Extinktion des dispersen Mediums und hiermit des Strahlungstransports auch mittels Spektroskopie sowie Berechnung nach der strengen Mie-Theorie der Lichtstreuung und mit dem Rosseland-Mittelwert vorgenommen werden. Dadurch wird ein Vergleich m{\"o}glich zwischen Ergebnissen, die mittels drei voneinander v{\"o}llig unabh{\"a}ngiger Methoden, n{\"a}mlich kalorimetrisch, spektroskopisch und analytisch/numerisch erzielt wurden. Die Ergebnisse stimmen {\"u}berein, wenn das Medium nicht-transparent ist; dieser Nachweis wird in der vorliegenden Habilitationsschrift gef{\"u}hrt. Im ersten Teil der Habilitationsschrift wird in breit angelegtem Review die Fachliteratur zum Strahlungstransport bis zum Jahr 1985 diskutiert und Methoden zur L{\"o}sung der Strahlungstransportgleichung auch im Fall stark anisotroper Streuung beschrieben. Wegen der Forderung nach Energieerhaltung und mit dem oben genannten Ziel, auch die Nicht-Strahlungskomponenten zu analysieren, muß diese Diskussion die theoretischen Aspekte auch dieser Anteile (hier Gas- und Festk{\"o}rperkontakt-W{\"a}rmetransport) einschließen. Den Schluß des ersten Teils bildet ein Katalog offener Fragen, die im zweiten Teil der Habilitationsschrift angegangen werden. Dort werden mittels experimenteller und analytisch/numerischer Ergebnisse das Strahlungsdiffusionsmodell und seine Anwendbarkeit auf disperse nicht-transparente Medien best{\"a}tigt. Die Analysen sind gerichtet auf reine oder mit Infrarot-Tr{\"u}bungsmitteln dotierte Pulver und Faserpapiere; beide sind leicht zug{\"a}ngliche, wohl-definierte Testsubstanzen disperser Medien. Ein wichtiger Teil dieser Untersuchungen enth{\"a}lt Messungen ihrer W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit unter Vakuum und unter externer mechanischer Druckbelastung. Mit evakuierten, druckbelasteten Faserpapieren wurden W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeiten erzielt, die zu den niedrigsten geh{\"o}ren, die bis 1985 an solchen Medien bei hohen Temperaturen gemessen wurden. Weiter sollen optimale Teilchendurchmesser gefunden werden, mit denen das Extinktionsverm{\"o}gen solcher Sch{\"u}ttungen signifikant erh{\"o}ht werden kann. Insbesondere ist eine exotische Vorhersage der Mie-Theorie zu pr{\"u}fen, nach welcher die Extinktion perfekt elektrisch leitender, langer, extrem d{\"u}nner Zylinder (unter 50 nm) um Gr{\"o}ßenordnungen {\"u}ber derjenigen herk{\"o}mmlicher (nichtleitender) Pulver oder Fasern liegt; hierf{\"u}r sind Materialproben herzustellen. In der Habilitationsschrift wird aufgezeigt, welcher Weg f{\"u}r diesen Nachweis beschritten werden muß (wenige Jahre nach Vorlage der Habilitationsschrift wurden Gustav Mies und Milton Kerkers Vorhersagen auf diesem Weg mit feinsten metallisierten Glasfasern und mit Nickelfasern in Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen des Autors gemeinsam mit J. Fricke, M. Arduini-Schuster, H.-P. Ebert, R. Caps, D. B{\"u}ttner und A. Kreh erstmalig best{\"a}tigt).},
  subject      = {Strahlungstransport},
  language  = {de}
}
@unpublished{Reiss2012,
  author    = {Reiss, Harald},
  title     = {Physical time and existence of time holes in non-transparent media},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-67268},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The analysis presented in this paper applies to experimental situations where observers or objects to be studied (both stationary, with respect to each other) are located in environments the optical thickness of which is strongly different. By their large optical thickness, non-transparent media are clearly distinguished from their transparent counterparts. Non-transparent media comprise thin metallic films, packed or fluidised beds, the Earth's crust, and even dark clouds and other cosmological objects. As a representative example, a non-transparent slab is subjected to transient disturbances, and a rigorous analysis is presented whether physical time reasonably could be constructed under such condition. The analysis incorporates mapping functions that correlate physical events, e, in non-transparent media, with their images, f(e), tentatively located on a standard physical time scale. The analysis demonstrates, however, that physical time, in its rigorous sense, does not exist under non-transparency conditions. A proof of this conclusion is attempted in three steps: i) the theorem "there is no time without space and events" is accepted, (ii) images f[e(s,t)] do not constitute a dense, uncountably infinite set, and (iii) sets of images that are not uncountably infinite do not create physical time but only time-like sequences. As a consequence, mapping f[e(s,t)] in non-transparent space does not create physical analogues to the mathematical structure of the ordered, dense half-set R+ of real numbers, and reverse mapping, f-1f[e(s,t)] would not allow unique identification and reconstruction of original events from their images. In these cases, causality and determinism, as well as invariance of physical processes under time reversal, might be violated. Existence of time holes could be possible, as follows from the sequence of images, f[e(s,t)], that is not uncountably infinite, in contrast to R+. Practical impacts are expected for understanding physical diffusion-like, radiative transfer processes, stability models to protect superconductors against quenchs or for description of their transient local pair density and critical currents. Impacts would be expected also in mathematical formulations (differential equations) of classical physics, in relativity and perhaps in quantum mechanics, all as far as transient processes in non-transparent space would be concerned. An interesting problem is whether temporal cloaking (a time hole) in a transparent medium, as very recently reported in the literature, can be explained by the present analysis. The analysis is not restricted to objects of laboratory dimensions: Because of obviously existing radiation transfer analogues, it is tempting to discuss consequences also for much larger structures in particular if an origin of time is postulated.},
  subject      = {Strahlungstransport},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RauchSalzwedelBjarnasonWehrensetal.2021,
  author    = {Rauch, Bernhard and Salzwedel, Annett and Bjarnason-Wehrens, Birna and Albus, Christian and Meng, Karin and Schmid, Jean-Paul and Benzer, Werner and Hackbusch, Matthes and Jensen, Katrin and Schwaab, Bernhard and Altenberger, Johann and Benjamin, Nicola and Bestehorn, Kurt and Bongarth, Christa and D{\"o}rr, Gesine and Eichler, Sarah and Einwang, Hans-Peter and Falk, Johannes and Glatz, Johannes and Gielen, Stephan and Grilli, Maurizio and Gr{\"u}nig, Ekkehard and Guha, Manju and Hermann, Matthias and Hoberg, Eike and H{\"o}fer, Stefan and Kaemmerer, Harald and Ladwig, Karl-Heinz and Mayer-Berger, Wolfgang and Metzendorf, Maria-Inti and Nebel, Roland and Neidenbach, Rhoia Clara and Niebauer, Josef and Nixdorff, Uwe and Oberhoffer, Renate and Reibis, Rona and Reiss, Nils and Saure, Daniel and Schlitt, Axel and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and K{\"a}nel, Roland von and Weinbrenner, Susanne and Westphal, Ronja},
  title     = {Cardiac rehabilitation in German speaking countries of Europe — evidence-based guidelines from Germany, Austria and Switzerland LLKardReha-DACH — Part 1},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm10102192},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239709},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: Although cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is well accepted in general, CR-attendance and delivery still considerably vary between the European countries. Moreover, clinical and prognostic effects of CR are not well established for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The guidelines address all aspects of CR including indications, contents and delivery. By processing the guidelines, every step was externally supervised and moderated by independent members of the "Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany" (AWMF). Four meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic effect of CR after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), after coronary bypass grafting (CABG), in patients with severe chronic systolic heart failure (HFrEF), and to define the effect of psychological interventions during CR. All other indications for CR-delivery were based on a predefined semi-structured literature search and recommendations were established by a formal consenting process including all medical societies involved in guideline generation. Results: Multidisciplinary CR is associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients after ACS and after CABG, whereas HFrEF-patients (left ventricular ejection fraction <40\%) especially benefit in terms of exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. Patients with other cardiovascular diseases also benefit from CR-participation, but the scientific evidence is less clear. There is increasing evidence that the beneficial effect of CR strongly depends on "treatment intensity" including medical supervision, treatment of cardiovascular risk factors, information and education, and a minimum of individually adapted exercise volume. Additional psychologic interventions should be performed on the basis of individual needs. Conclusions: These guidelines reinforce the substantial benefit of CR in specific clinical indications, but also describe remaining deficits in CR-delivery in clinical practice as well as in CR-science with respect to methodology and presentation.},
  language  = {en}
}