@article{HardulakMoriniereHausmannetal.2020, author = {Hardulak, Laura A. and Morini{\`e}re, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and Hausmann, Axel and Hendrich, Lars and Schmidt, Stefan and Doczkal, Dieter and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Hebert, Paul D. N. and Haszprunar, Gerhard}, title = {DNA metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring in a national park: Screening for invasive and pest species}, series = {Molecular Ecology Resources}, volume = {20}, journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.13212}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217812}, pages = {1542 -- 1557}, year = {2020}, abstract = {DNA metabarcoding was utilized for a large-scale, multiyear assessment of biodiversity in Malaise trap collections from the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany, Bavaria). Principal component analysis of read count-based biodiversities revealed clustering in concordance with whether collection sites were located inside or outside of the National Park. Jaccard distance matrices of the presences of barcode index numbers (BINs) at collection sites in the two survey years (2016 and 2018) were significantly correlated. Overall similar patterns in the presence of total arthropod BINs, as well as BINs belonging to four major arthropod orders across the study area, were observed in both survey years, and are also comparable with results of a previous study based on DNA barcoding of Sanger-sequenced specimens. A custom reference sequence library was assembled from publicly available data to screen for pest or invasive arthropods among the specimens or from the preservative ethanol. A single 98.6\% match to the invasive bark beetle Ips duplicatus was detected in an ethanol sample. This species has not previously been detected in the National Park.}, language = {en} } @article{BaeHeidrichLevicketal.2020, author = {Bae, Soyeon and Heidrich, Lea and Levick, Shaun R. and Gossner, Martin M. and Seibold, Sebastian and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Magdon, Paul and Serebryanyk, Alla and B{\"a}ssler, Claus and Sch{\"a}fer, Deborah and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Doerfler, Inken and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Jung, Kirsten and Heurich, Marco and Fischer, Markus and Roth, Nicolas and Schall, Peter and Boch, Steffen and W{\"o}llauer, Stephan and Renner, Swen C. and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Dispersal ability, trophic position and body size mediate species turnover processes: Insights from a multi-taxa and multi-scale approach}, series = {Diversity and Distribution}, volume = {27}, journal = {Diversity and Distribution}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1111/ddi.13204}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236117}, pages = {439-453}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Aim: Despite increasing interest in β-diversity, that is the spatial and temporal turnover of species, the mechanisms underlying species turnover at different spatial scales are not fully understood, although they likely differ among different functional groups. We investigated the relative importance of dispersal limitations and the environmental filtering caused by vegetation for local, multi-taxa forest communities differing in their dispersal ability, trophic position and body size. Location: Temperate forests in five regions across Germany. Methods: In the inter-region analysis, the independent and shared effects of the regional spatial structure (regional species pool), landscape spatial structure (dispersal limitation) and environmental factors on species turnover were quantified with a 1-ha grain across 11 functional groups in up to 495 plots by variation partitioning. In the intra-region analysis, the relative importance of three environmental factors related to vegetation (herb and tree layer composition and forest physiognomy) and spatial structure for species turnover was determined. Results: In the inter-region analysis, over half of the explained variation in community composition (23\% of the total explained 35\%) was explained by the shared effects of several factors, indicative of spatially structured environmental filtering. Among the independent effects, environmental factors were the strongest on average over 11 groups, but the importance of landscape spatial structure increased for less dispersive functional groups. In the intra-region analysis, the independent effect of plant species composition had a stronger influence on species turnover than forest physiognomy, but the relative importance of the latter increased with increasing trophic position and body size. Main conclusions: Our study revealed that the mechanisms structuring assemblage composition are associated with the traits of functional groups. Hence, conservation frameworks targeting biodiversity of multiple groups should cover both environmental and biogeographical gradients. Within regions, forest management can enhance β-diversity particularly by diversifying tree species composition and forest physiognomy.}, language = {en} } @article{StieglervonHoermannMuelleretal.2020, author = {Stiegler, Jonas and von Hoermann, Christian and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Benbow, M. Eric and Heurich, Marco}, title = {Carcass provisioning for scavenger conservation in a temperate forest ecosystem}, series = {Ecosphere}, volume = {11}, journal = {Ecosphere}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1002/ecs2.3063}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218054}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Carrion plays an essential role in shaping the structure and functioning of ecosystems and has far-reaching implications for biodiversity conservation. The change in availability and type of carcasses throughout ecosystems can involve negative effects for scavenging communities. To address this issue, there have been recent conservation management measures of carrion provision in natural systems. However, the optimal conditions under which exposing carcasses to optimize conservation outcomes are still limited. Here, we used camera traps throughout elevational and vegetational gradients to monitor the consumption of 48 deer carcasses over a study period of six years by evaluating 270,279 photographs resulting out of 15,373 trap nights. We detected 17 species visiting carcass deployments, including five endangered species. Our results show that large carcasses, the winter season, and a heterogeneous surrounding habitat enhanced the frequency of carcass visits and the species richness of scavenger assemblages. Contrary to our expectations, carcass species, condition (fresh/frozen), and provision schedule (continuous vs single exposure) did not influence scavenging frequency or diversity. The carcass visitation frequency increased with carcass mass and lower temperatures. The effect of large carcasses was especially pronounced for mesopredators and the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Lynx were not too influenced in its carrion acquisition by the season, but exclusively preferred remote habitats containing higher forest cover. Birds of prey, mesopredators, and top predators were also positively influenced by the visiting rate of ravens (Corvus corax), whereas no biotic or abiotic preferences were found for wild boars (Sus scrofa). This study provides evidence that any ungulate species of carrion, either in a fresh or in previously frozen condition, attracts a high diversity of scavengers especially during winter, thereby supporting earlier work that carcass provisions may support scavenger communities and endangered species.}, language = {en} } @article{HennessenMiethkeZaburannyietal.2020, author = {Hennessen, Fabienne and Miethke, Marcus and Zaburannyi, Nestor and Loose, Maria and Lukežič, Tadeja and Bernecker, Steffen and H{\"u}ttel, Stephan and Jansen, Rolf and Schmiedel, Judith and Fritzenwanker, Moritz and Imirzalioglu, Can and Vogel, J{\"o}rg and Westermann, Alexander J. and Hesterkamp, Thomas and Stadler, Marc and Wagenlehner, Florian and Petković, Hrvoje and Herrmann, Jennifer and M{\"u}ller, Rolf}, title = {Amidochelocardin overcomes resistance mechanisms exerted on tetracyclines and natural chelocardin}, series = {Antibiotics}, volume = {9}, journal = {Antibiotics}, number = {9}, issn = {2079-6382}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics9090619}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213149}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The reassessment of known but neglected natural compounds is a vital strategy for providing novel lead structures urgently needed to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Scaffolds with resistance-breaking properties represent the most promising candidates for a successful translation into future therapeutics. Our study focuses on chelocardin, a member of the atypical tetracyclines, and its bioengineered derivative amidochelocardin, both showing broad-spectrum antibacterial activity within the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) panel. Further lead development of chelocardins requires extensive biological and chemical profiling to achieve favorable pharmaceutical properties and efficacy. This study shows that both molecules possess resistance-breaking properties enabling the escape from most common tetracycline resistance mechanisms. Further, we show that these compounds are potent candidates for treatment of urinary tract infections due to their in vitro activity against a large panel of multidrug-resistant uropathogenic clinical isolates. In addition, the mechanism of resistance to natural chelocardin was identified as relying on efflux processes, both in the chelocardin producer Amycolatopsis sulphurea and in the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistance development in Klebsiella led primarily to mutations in ramR, causing increased expression of the acrAB-tolC efflux pump. Most importantly, amidochelocardin overcomes this resistance mechanism, revealing not only the improved activity profile but also superior resistance-breaking properties of this novel antibacterial compound.}, language = {en} } @article{JahedKavousiFarashianietal.2020, author = {Jahed, Razieh Rafiei and Kavousi, Mohammad Reza and Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim and Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro and Babanezhad, Manoochehr and Courbaud, Benoit and Wirtz, Roland and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Larrieu, Laurent}, title = {A comparison of the formation rates and composition of tree-related microhabitats in beech-dominated primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian forests}, series = {Forests}, volume = {11}, journal = {Forests}, number = {2}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f11020144}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200849}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Primeval forests in the temperate zone exist only as a few remnants, but theses serve as important reference areas for conservation. As key habitats, tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are of intense interest to forest ecologists, but little is known about their natural composition and dynamics in different tree species. Beech forms a major part of the temperate forests that extend from Europe, home to European beech Fagus sylvatica L. (Fs), eastward to Iran, where Oriental beech Fagus orientalis Lipsky (Fo) is the dominant species. In this study, we compared TreMs in primeval forests of both species, using data from Fo growing in 25 inventory plots throughout the Hyrcanian forest belt in Iran and from Fs growing in a 9 ha permanent plot in the Uholka Forest of Ukraine. TreMs based on 47 types and 11 subgroups were recorded. Beech trees in the Hyrcanian forest had a higher mean diameter at breast height (dbh) than beech trees in Uholka and contained twice as many TreMs per hectare. Although the mean richness of TreMs per TreM bearing tree was similar in the two species, on the basis of the comparison single trees in two groups (n = 405 vs. 2251), the composition of the TreMs clearly differed, as the proportions of rot holes, root-buttress concavities, and crown deadwood were higher in the Hyrcanian Forest, and those of bark losses, exposed heartwood, and burrs and cankers higher in Uholka Forest. Estimates of TreMs dynamics based on dbh and using Weibull models showed a significantly faster cumulative increase of TreMs in Fo, in which saturation occurred already in trees with a dbh of 70-80 cm. By contrast, the increase in TreMs in Fs was continuous. In both species, the probability density was highest at a dbh of about 30 cm, but was twice as high in Fo. Because of limitations of our study design, the reason behind observed differences of TreM formation and composition between regions remains unclear, as it could be either result of the tree species or the environment, or their interaction. However, the observed differences were more likely the result of differences in the environment than in the two tree species. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate that the Hyrcanian Forest, recently designated as a natural heritage site in Iran, is unique, not only as a tertiary relict or due to its endemic trees, herbs and arthropods, but also because of its TreMs, which form a distinct and rich habitat for associated taxa, including endemic saproxylic species.}, language = {en} }