@article{BernardsSchacklefordGerberetal.1989, author = {Bernards, R. and Schackleford, G. M. and Gerber, M. R. and Horowitz, J. M. and Friend, S. H. and Schartl, Manfred and Bogenmann, E. and Rapaport, J. M. and Mcgee, T. and Dryja, T. P.}, title = {Structure and expression of the murine retinoblastoma gene and characterization of its encoded protein}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61819}, year = {1989}, abstract = {No abstract available}, subject = {Physiologische Chemie}, language = {en} } @article{ForconiCanapaBaruccaetal.2013, author = {Forconi, Mariko and Canapa, Adriana and Barucca, Marco and Biscotti, Maria A. and Capriglione, Teresa and Buonocore, Francesco and Fausto, Anna M. and Makapedua, Daisy M. and Pallavicini, Alberto and Gerdol, Marco and De Moro, Gianluca and Scapigliati, Giuseppe and Olmo, Ettore and Schartl, Manfred}, title = {Characterization of Sex Determination and Sex Differentiation Genes in Latimeria}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {8}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0056006}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130995}, pages = {e56006}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Genes involved in sex determination and differentiation have been identified in mice, humans, chickens, reptiles, amphibians and teleost fishes. However, little is known of their functional conservation, and it is unclear whether there is a common set of genes shared by all vertebrates. Coelacanths, basal Sarcopterygians and unique "living fossils", could help establish an inventory of the ancestral genes involved in these important developmental processes and provide insights into their components. In this study 33 genes from the genome of Latimeria chalumnae and from the liver and testis transcriptomes of Latimeria menadoensis, implicated in sex determination and differentiation, were identified and characterized and their expression levels measured. Interesting findings were obtained for GSDF, previously identified only in teleosts and now characterized for the first time in the sarcopterygian lineage; FGF9, which is not found in teleosts; and DMRT1, whose expression in adult gonads has recently been related to maintenance of sexual identity. The gene repertoire and testis-specific gene expression documented in coelacanths demonstrate a greater similarity to modern fishes and point to unexpected changes in the gene regulatory network governing sexual development.}, language = {en} } @article{MatosSucenaMachadoetal.2011, author = {Matos, Isa and Sucena, {\`E}lio and Machado, Miguel P and Gardner, Rui and In{\´a}cio, {\^A}ngela and Schartl, Manfred and Coelho, Maria M}, title = {Ploidy mosaicism and allele-specific gene expression differences in the allopolyploid \(Squalius\) \(alburnoides\)}, series = {BMC Genetics}, volume = {12}, journal = {BMC Genetics}, number = {101}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2156-12-101}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142879}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background Squalius alburnoides is an Iberian cyprinid fish resulting from an interspecific hybridisation between Squalius pyrenaicus females (P genome) and males of an unknown Anaecypris hispanica- like species (A genome). S. alburnoides is an allopolyploid hybridogenetic complex, which makes it a likely candidate for ploidy mosaicism occurrence, and is also an interesting model to address questions about gene expression regulation and genomic interactions. Indeed, it was previously suggested that in S. alburnoides triploids (PAA composition) silencing of one of the three alleles (mainly of the P allele) occurs. However, not a whole haplome is inactivated but a more or less random inactivation of alleles varying between individuals and even between organs of the same fish was seen. In this work we intended to correlate expression differences between individuals and/or between organs to the occurrence of mosaicism, evaluating if mosaics could explain previous observations and its impact on the assessment of gene expression patterns. Results To achieve our goal, we developed flow cytometry and cell sorting protocols for this system generating more homogenous cellular and transcriptional samples. With this set-up we detected 10\% ploidy mosaicism within the S. alburnoides complex, and determined the allelic expression profiles of ubiquitously expressed genes (rpl8; gapdh and β-actin) in cells from liver and kidney of mosaic and non-mosaic individuals coming from different rivers over a wide geographic range. Conclusions Ploidy mosaicism occurs sporadically within the S. alburnoides complex, but in a frequency significantly higher than reported for other organisms. Moreover, we could exclude the influence of this phenomenon on the detection of variable allelic expression profiles of ubiquitously expressed genes (rpl8; gapdh and β-actin) in cells from liver and kidney of triploid individuals. Finally, we determined that the expression patterns previously detected only in a narrow geographic range is not a local restricted phenomenon but is pervasive in rivers where S. pyrenaicus is sympatric with S. alburnoides. We discuss mechanisms that could lead to the formation of mosaic S. alburnoides and hypothesise about a relaxation of the mechanisms that impose a tight control over mitosis and ploidy control in mixoploids."}, language = {en} } @article{RaulfRobertsonSchartl1989, author = {Raulf, F. and Robertson, S. M. and Schartl, Manfred}, title = {Evolution of the neuron-specific alternative splicing product of the c-src proto-oncogene}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61796}, year = {1989}, abstract = {The observation of a slower migrating form of pp6oc-src in neural tissue of chicken and mouse has recently been shown to be due to an alternative transcript form of tbe c-src gene (Martinez et al.: Science 237:411-415, 1987; Levy et al.: Mol Cell Bio17:4142- 4145, 1987). An insertion of 18 basepairs between exons 3 and 4, presumed to be due to alternative splicing of a mini-exon, gives rise to six amino acid residues not found in the non-neuronal (termed flbroblastic) form of pp60\(^{c-src}\). Wehave addressed the question of the evolutionary origin of the c-src neuronal insert · and its functional signiflcance regarding neural-speciflc expression of the c-src gene. To this end we have investigated whether the c-src gene of a lower verlebrate (the teleost fish Xiphophorus) gives rise to a neural-specific transcript in an analogous manner. We could show that the fish c-src gene does encode for a "fibroblastic" and a "neuronal" form of transcript and that the neuronal transcript does indeed arise by way of alternative splicing of a mini-exon. The miniexon is also 18 basepairs long and we could demoostrate directly that this exon lies within the intron separating exons 3 and 4. For comparative purposes we have examined whether the fish c-yes gene, the member of the src gene family most closely related to c-src, also encodes a neural tissue-specific transcript. No evidence for a second transcript form in brain was obtained. This result suggests that the mini-exon arose within the c-src gene lineage sometime between the srclyes gene duplication event and the divergence of the evolutionary lineage giving rise to the teleost fish. Published genomic sequence of src-related genes in Drosophila and our own results with Hydra demoostrate no intron in these species at the analogous location, consistent with first appearance of this mini-exon sometime between 550 and 400 million years ago.}, subject = {Physiologische Chemie}, language = {en} } @article{WittbrodtAdamMalitscheketal.1989, author = {Wittbrodt, J. and Adam, D. and Malitschek, B. and Maueler, W. and Raulf, F. and Telling, A. and Robertson, M. and Schartl, Manfred}, title = {Novel putative receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the melanoma-inducing Tu locus in Xiphophorus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61800}, year = {1989}, abstract = {No abstract available}, subject = {Physiologische Chemie}, language = {en} } @article{TeutschbeinHaydnSamansetal.2010, author = {Teutschbein, Janka and Haydn, Johannes M. and Samans, Birgit and Krause, Michael and Eilers, Martin and Schartl, Manfred and Meierjohann, Svenja}, title = {Gene expression analysis after receptor tyrosine kinase activation reveals new potential melanoma proteins}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-67900}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Background: Melanoma is an aggressive tumor with increasing incidence. To develop accurate prognostic markers and targeted therapies, changes leading to malignant transformation of melanocytes need to be understood. In the Xiphophorus melanoma model system, a mutated version of the EGF receptor Xmrk (Xiphophorus melanoma receptor kinase) triggers melanomagenesis. Cellular events downstream of Xmrk, such as the activation of Akt, Ras, B-Raf or Stat5, were also shown to play a role in human melanomagenesis. This makes the elucidation of Xmrk downstream targets a useful method for identifying processes involved in melanoma formation. Methods: Here, we analyzed Xmrk-induced gene expression using a microarray approach. Several highly expressed genes were confirmed by realtime PCR, and pathways responsible for their induction were revealed using small molecule inhibitors. The expression of these genes was also monitored in human melanoma cell lines, and the target gene FOSL1 was knocked down by siRNA. Proliferation and migration of siRNA-treated melanoma cell lines were then investigated. Results: Genes with the strongest upregulation after receptor activation were FOS-like antigen 1 (Fosl1), early growth response 1 (Egr1), osteopontin (Opn), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (Igfbp3), dual-specificity phosphatase 4 (Dusp4), and tumor-associated antigen L6 (Taal6). Interestingly, most genes were blocked in presence of a SRC kinase inhibitor. Importantly, we found that FOSL1, OPN, IGFBP3, DUSP4, and TAAL6 also exhibited increased expression levels in human melanoma cell lines compared to human melanocytes. Knockdown of FOSL1 in human melanoma cell lines reduced their proliferation and migration. Conclusion: Altogether, the data show that the receptor tyrosine kinase Xmrk is a useful tool in the identification of target genes that are commonly expressed in Xmrk-transgenic melanocytes and melanoma cell lines. The identified molecules constitute new possible molecular players in melanoma development. Specifically, a role of FOSL1 in melanomagenic processes is demonstrated. These data are the basis for future detailed analyses of the investigated target genes.}, language = {en} } @article{DracopoliFeltquateSametal.1990, author = {Dracopoli, Nicholas C. and Feltquate, David M. and Sam, Brigitta and Schartl, Manfred}, title = {Taql and Mspl RFLPs are detected by the human 2,3-biphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) cDNA}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61763}, year = {1990}, abstract = {No abstract available}, subject = {Physiologische Chemie}, language = {en} } @article{MeyerMorrisseySchartl1994, author = {Meyer, Axel and Morrissey, Jean M. and Schartl, Manfred}, title = {Recurrent origin of a sexually selected trait in Xiphophorus fishes inferred from a molecular phylogeny}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61569}, year = {1994}, abstract = {DARWIN\(^1\) believed that sexual selection accounts for the evolution of exaggerated male ornaments, such as the sword-like caudal fin extensions of male fishes of the genus Xiphophorus, that appear detrimental to survival. Swordtails continue to feature prominently in empirical work and theories of sexual selection; the pre-existing bias hypothesis has been offered as an explanation for the evolution of swords in these fishes\(^{2,3}\). Based upon a largely morphological phylogeny, this hypothesis suggests that female preference to mate with sworded males arose in ancestrally swordless species, thus pre-dating the origin of the sword itself and directly driving its evolution. Here we present a molecular phylogeny (based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences) of Xiphophorus which differs from the traditional one: it indicates that the sword originated and was lost repeatedly. Our phylogeny suggests that the ancestor of the genus is more likely to have possessed a sword than not, thus questioning the applicability of the pre-existing bias hypothesis as an explanation for the cvolution of this sexually selected trait.}, subject = {Physiologische Chemie}, language = {en} } @article{AdolfiCarreiraJesusetal.2015, author = {Adolfi, Mateus C. and Carreira, Ana C. O. and Jesus, L{\´a}zaro W. O. and Bogerd, Jan and Funes, Rejane M. and Schartl, Manfred and Sogayar, Mari C. and Borella, Maria I.}, title = {Molecular cloning and expression analysis of dmrt1 and sox9 during gonad development and male reproductive cycle in the lambari fish, Astyanax altiparanae}, series = {Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1186/1477-7827-13-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126486}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background The dmrt1 and sox9 genes have a well conserved function related to testis formation in vertebrates, and the group of fish presents a great diversity of species and reproductive mechanisms. The lambari fish (Astyanax altiparanae) is an important Neotropical species, where studies on molecular level of sex determination and gonad maturation are scarce. Methods Here, we employed molecular cloning techniques to analyze the cDNA sequences of the dmrt1 and sox9 genes, and describe the expression pattern of those genes during development and the male reproductive cycle by qRT-PCR, and related to histology of the gonad. Results Phylogenetic analyses of predicted amino acid sequences of dmrt1 and sox9 clustered A. altiparanae in the Ostariophysi group, which is consistent with the morphological phylogeny of this species. Studies of the gonad development revealed that ovary formation occurred at 58 days after hatching (dah), 2 weeks earlier than testis formation. Expression studies of sox9 and dmrt1 in different tissues of adult males and females and during development revealed specific expression in the testis, indicating that both genes also have a male-specific role in the adult. During the period of gonad sex differentiation, dmrt1 seems to have a more significant role than sox9. During the male reproductive cycle dmrt1 and sox9 are down-regulated after spermiation, indicating a role of these genes in spermatogenesis. Conclusions For the first time the dmrt1 and sox9 were cloned in a Characiformes species. We show that both genes have a conserved structure and expression, evidencing their role in sex determination, sex differentiation and the male reproductive cycle in A. altiparanae. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in fish.}, language = {en} } @article{HaydnHufnagelGrimmetal.2014, author = {Haydn, Johannes M. and Hufnagel, Anita and Grimm, Johannes and Maurus, Katja and Schartl, Manfred and Meierjohann, Svenja}, title = {The MAPK pathway as an apoptosis enhancer in melanoma}, series = {Oncotarget}, volume = {5}, journal = {Oncotarget}, number = {13}, issn = {1949-2553}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120649}, pages = {5040-53}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Inhibition of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling is beneficial for many patients with BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma. However, primary and secondary resistances restrict long-lasting therapy success. Combination therapies are therefore urgently needed. Here, we evaluate the cellular effect of combining a MEK inhibitor with a genotoxic apoptosis inducer. Strikingly, we observed that an activated MAPK pathway promotes in several melanoma cell lines the pro-apoptotic response to genotoxic stress, and MEK inhibition reduces intrinsic apoptosis. This goes along with MEK inhibitor induced increased RAS and P-AKT levels. The protective effect of the MEK inhibitor depends on PI3K signaling, which prevents the induction of pro-apoptotic PUMA that mediates apoptosis after DNA damage. We could show that the MEK inhibitor dependent feedback loop is enabled by several factors, including EGF receptor and members of the SPRED family. The simultaneous knockdown of SPRED1 and SPRED2 mimicked the effects of MEK inhibitor such as PUMA repression and protection from apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that MEK inhibition of BRAFV600E-positive melanoma cells can protect from genotoxic stress, thereby achieving the opposite of the intended anti-tumorigenic effect of the combination of MEK inhibitor with inducers of intrinsic apoptosis.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchartlErbeldingDenkHoelteretal.1993, author = {Schartl, Manfred and Erbelding-Denk, C. and H{\"o}lter, S. and Nanda, I. and Schmid, M. and Schr{\"o}der, J. H. and Epplen, J. T.}, title = {High mating success of low rank males in Limia perugiae (Pisces: Poeciliidae) as determined by DNA-fingerprinting}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87132}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {1993}, abstract = {Hierarchical structures among male individuals in a population are frequently reflected in differences in aggressive and reproductive behaviour and access to the females. In general social dominance requires large investments which in turn may have to be compensated for by high reproductive success. However, this hypothesis has so far only been sufficiently tested in small mating groups due to the difficulties of determining paternity by classical methods using non-molecular markers. DNA fingerprinting overcomes these problems offering the possibility to determine genetic relationships and mating patterns within larger groups. Using this approach we have recently shown (Schartl et al., 1993) that in the poeciliid fish Limia perugiae in small mating groups the dominant male has 100\% mating success, while in larger groups its contribution to the offspring unexpectedly drops to zero. The reproductive failure under such social conditions is explained by the inability of the ex-male to protect all the females simultaneously against mating attempts of his numerous subordinate competitors.}, subject = {DNS}, language = {en} } @article{RaulfMaeuelerRobertsonetal.1989, author = {Raulf, Friedrich and M{\"a}ueler, Winfried and Robertson, Scott M. and Schartl, Manfred}, title = {Localization of cellular src mRNA during development and in the differentiated bipolar neurons of the adult neural retina in Xiphophorus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86703}, year = {1989}, abstract = {The expression of the c-src gene in embryonie and adult tissue of the teleost fish Xiphophorus helleri was analyzed by in-situ hybridization. The highly conserved fish c-src gene was found to be expressed at high levels in midterm embryos, where c-src mRNA was localized in developing neurons of the sensory layer of the differentiating retina and in the developing brain. In adult tissues the expression of c-src was found to persist in certain cell types of the brain and the neural retina, especially in the bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer, which are postmitotic, fully differentiated mature neurons. Thus c-src in Xiphophorus appears to be a developmentally regulated proto-oncogene which is important for neuronal differentiation during organogenesis, but whose persistence of expression in certain terminally differentiated neurons strongly suggests a particular maintenance function for c-src in these cells as well.}, subject = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling}, language = {en} } @article{SchartlHolsteinRobertsonetal.1989, author = {Schartl, Manfred and Holstein, Thomas and Robertson, Scott M. and Barnekow, Angelika}, title = {Preferential expression of a pp60c-src related protein tyrosine kinase activity in nerve cells of the early metazoan Hydra (Coelenterates)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86179}, year = {1989}, abstract = {It has been suggested that the proto-oncogene c-src plays a functional role in developing neurons, and in the mature nerve cells of higher vertebrales. The coelenterate Hydra represents tbe most primitive known organism possessing nerve cells. With Southern blot hybridizations we have demonstrated src-related sequences in Hydra. Antisera specific for the c-src gene product (pp60 c-src) of birds and mammals precipitate a protein from Hydra cell extracts with a tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. Studies of tissues and cells fractionated from a temperature sensitive mutant of Hydra which is depleted of interstitial (including nerve) cells at tbe non-permissive temperature, have indicated the src-like kinase of Hydra to be preferentially expressed in nerve cells. The high conservation of structural features and of the expression pattern indicates a basic function for pp60c-src in neurons.}, subject = {Protein-Tyrosin-Kinasen}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchartlMaeuelerRaulfetal.1988, author = {Schartl, Manfred and M{\"a}ueler, Winfried and Raulf, Friedrich and Robertson, Scott M.}, title = {Molecular aspects of melanoma formation in Xiphophorus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72689}, year = {1988}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, subject = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling}, language = {en} } @article{SchartlWittbrodtMaeueleretal.1993, author = {Schartl, Manfred and Wittbrodt, J. and M{\"a}ueler, W. and Raulf, F. and Adam, D. and Hannig, G. and Telling, A. and Storch, F. and Andexinger, S. and Robertson, S. M.}, title = {Oncogenes and melanoma formation in Xiphoporus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87149}, year = {1993}, abstract = {In Xiphophorus melanoma formation has been attributed by classical genetic findings to the overexpression of a cellular oncogene (Tu) due to elimination of the corresponding regulatory gene locus in hybrids. We have attempted to elucidate this phenomenon on the molecular biological level. Studies on the structure and expression of known proto-oncogenes revealed that several of these genes, especially the c-src gene of Xiphophorus, may act as effectors in establishing the neoplastic phenotype of the melanoma cells . However, these genes appear more to participate in secondary steps of tumorigenesis. Another gene, being termed Xmrk, which represents obviously a so far unknown proto-oncogene but with a cons iderably high similarity to the epidermal growth-factorreceptor gene, was mapped to the Tu-containing region of the chromosome. This gene shows features with respect to its structure and expression that seem to justify it to be regarded as a candidate for a gene involved in the primary processes leading to neoplastic transformation of pigment cells in Xiphophorus.}, subject = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling}, language = {en} } @article{LamatschAdolfssonSenioretal.2015, author = {Lamatsch, Dunja K. and Adolfsson, Sofia and Senior, Alistair M. and Christiansen, Guntram and Pichler, Maria and Ozaki, Yuichi and Smeds, Linnea and Schartl, Manfred and Nakagawa, Shinichi}, title = {A transcriptome derived female-specific marker from the invasive Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {10}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0118214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144004}, pages = {e0118214}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Sex-specific markers are a prerequisite for understanding reproductive biology, genetic factors involved in sex differences, mechanisms of sex determination, and ultimately the evolution of sex chromosomes. The Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, may be considered a model species for sex-chromosome evolution, as it displays female heterogamety (ZW/ZZ), and is also ecologically interesting as a worldwide invasive species. Here, de novo RNA-sequencing on the gonads of sexually mature G. affinis was used to identify contigs that were highly transcribed in females but not in males (i.e., transcripts with ovary-specific expression). Subsequently, 129 primer pairs spanning 79 contigs were tested by PCR to identify sex-specific transcripts. Of those primer pairs, one female-specific DNA marker was identified, Sanger sequenced and subsequently validated in 115 fish. Sequence analyses revealed a high similarity between the identified sex-specific marker and the 3' UTR of the aminomethyl transferase (amt) gene of the closely related platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus). This is the first time that RNA-seq has been used to successfully characterize a sex-specific marker in a fish species in the absence of a genome map. Additionally, the identified sex-specific marker represents one of only a handful of such markers in fishes.}, language = {en} } @article{SendellPriceTulenkoPetterssonetal.2023, author = {Sendell-Price, Ashley T. and Tulenko, Frank J. and Pettersson, Mats and Kang, Du and Montandon, Margo and Winkler, Sylke and Kulb, Kathleen and Naylor, Gavin P. and Phillippy, Adam and Fedrigo, Olivier and Mountcastle, Jacquelyn and Balacco, Jennifer R. and Dutra, Amalia and Dale, Rebecca E. and Haase, Bettina and Jarvis, Erich D. and Myers, Gene and Burgess, Shawn M. and Currie, Peter D. and Andersson, Leif and Schartl, Manfred}, title = {Low mutation rate in epaulette sharks is consistent with a slow rate of evolution in sharks}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {14}, journal = {Nature Communications}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-42238-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357827}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Sharks occupy diverse ecological niches and play critical roles in marine ecosystems, often acting as apex predators. They are considered a slow-evolving lineage and have been suggested to exhibit exceptionally low cancer rates. These two features could be explained by a low nuclear mutation rate. Here, we provide a direct estimate of the nuclear mutation rate in the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum). We generate a high-quality reference genome, and resequence the whole genomes of parents and nine offspring to detect de novo mutations. Using stringent criteria, we estimate a mutation rate of 7×10\(^{-10}\) per base pair, per generation. This represents one of the lowest directly estimated mutation rates for any vertebrate clade, indicating that this basal vertebrate group is indeed a slowly evolving lineage whose ability to restore genetic diversity following a sustained population bottleneck may be hampered by a low mutation rate.}, language = {en} } @article{KimAmoresKangetal.2019, author = {Kim, Bo-Mi and Amores, Angel and Kang, Seunghyun and Ahn, Do-Hwan and Kim, Jin-Hyoung and Kim, Il-Chan and Lee, Jun Hyuck and Lee, Sung Gu and Lee, Hyoungseok and Lee, Jungeun and Kim, Han-Woo and Desvignes, Thomas and Batzel, Peter and Sydes, Jason and Titus, Tom and Wilson, Catherine A. and Catchen, Julian M. and Warren, Wesley C. and Schartl, Manfred and Detrich, H. William III and Postlethwait, John H. and Park, Hyun}, title = {Antarctic blackfin icefish genome reveals adaptations to extreme environments}, series = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, volume = {3}, journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, doi = {10.1038/s41559-019-0812-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325811}, pages = {469-478}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Icefishes (suborder Notothenioidei; family Channichthyidae) are the only vertebrates that lack functional haemoglobin genes and red blood cells. Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly and linkage map for the Antarctic blackfin icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus, highlighting evolved genomic features for its unique physiology. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that Antarctic fish of the teleost suborder Notothenioidei, including icefishes, diverged from the stickleback lineage about 77 million years ago and subsequently evolved cold-adapted phenotypes as the Southern Ocean cooled to sub-zero temperatures. Our results show that genes involved in protection from ice damage, including genes encoding antifreeze glycoprotein and zona pellucida proteins, are highly expanded in the icefish genome. Furthermore, genes that encode enzymes that help to control cellular redox state, including members of the sod3 and nqo1 gene families, are expanded, probably as evolutionary adaptations to the relatively high concentration of oxygen dissolved in cold Antarctic waters. In contrast, some crucial regulators of circadian homeostasis (cry and per genes) are absent from the icefish genome, suggesting compromised control of biological rhythms in the polar light environment. The availability of the icefish genome sequence will accelerate our understanding of adaptation to extreme Antarctic environments.}, language = {en} }